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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 530 Documents
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OPTIMASI PROSES FERMENTASI DENGAN MEDIA PADAT DALAM PEMBUATAN SOYSAUCE POWDER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIAKAN CAMPURAN MIKROBA NCS 54 HOE PADA KONDISI MESOFILIK R. P.D. Murwono; L. Buchori
Reaktor Volume 08 No.2 Desember 2004
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7092.905 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.8.2.74-80

Abstract

Soysauce powder dibuat pada kisaran suhu antara 25oC sampai dengan 30 oC atau yang disebut dengan kondisi mesofilik. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan mmedia padat sehingga proses proses fermentasi dapat berjalan pada kondisi aerob. Pada kondisi ini pertumbuhan biomassa dapat berjalan dengan baik. Pertumbuhan biomassa sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain sumber N yang terikat yang dihasilkan dari pupuk ZA, jumlah tepung ikan yang digunakan , sumber kalium serta pengayaan dari produk yang akan dihasilkan dengan iodium, Pembentukan asam amino esensial terjadi dalam cairan sel mikroorganisme. Media selektif yang digunakan bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan pembentukan rasa dan bau dalam produk adalah bawang putih (garlic powder). Backing agent yang digunakan adalah permipan sebanyak 0,6% dari total campuran. Waktu fermentasi yang digunakan 3 hari. Produk dimurnikan dengan penyaringan dan dan dibuat dalam bentuk serbuk kering supaya awaet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung kacang kedelai hitam ternyata lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kedelai putih. Kondisi yang paling baik dicapai pada penggunaan kedelai hitam sebanyak 70% dari total kedelai yang digunakan, tepung ikan sebanyak 50% dan tepung tapioka sebanyak 33% dari kedelai. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan jumlah asam amino yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci : soysauce powder; mikroba NCS 54 HOE; kondisi mesofilik
DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND COMPOSITION CONTROL IN A 10 L MIXING TANK Yulius Deddy Hermawan; Gogot Haryono
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (525.011 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.2.95-100

Abstract

The open loop experiment of composition dynamic in a 10 L mixing tank has been successfully done inlaboratory. A 10 L tank was designed for mixing of water (as a stream-1) and salt solution (as astream-2 with salt concentration, c2 constant). An electric stirrer was employed to obtain uniformcomposition in tank. In order to keep the liquid volume constant, the system was designed overflow. Inthis work, 2 composition control configurations have been proposed; they are Alternative-1 andAlternative-2. For Alternative-1, the volumetric-rate of stream-1 was chosen as a manipulatedvariable, while the volumetric-rate of stream-2 was chosen as a manipulated variable for Alternative-2. The composition control parameters for both alternatives have been tuned experimentally. Thevolumetric-rate of manipulated variable was changed based on step function. The outlet stream’scomposition response (c3) to a change in the input volumetric-rate has been investigated. Thisexperiment gave Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters. The gain controllers Kc[cm6/(gr.sec)] for Alternative-1 and Alternative-2 are -34200 and 40459 respectively. Integral timeconstant ( tI) and Derivative time constant (tD) for both alternatives are the same, i.e. tI = 16 second,and tD = 4 second. Furthermore, closed loop dynamic simulation using computer programming wasalso done to evaluate the resulted tuning parameters. The developed mathematical model ofcomposition control system in a mixing tank was solved numerically. Such mathematical model wasrigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The results showed that closed loop responses inPID control were faster than those in P and PI controls.
Kinetika detoksifikasi umbi gadung (dioscorea hispida dennst.) secara fermentasi dengan kapang mucor racemosus Marissa Widiyanti; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 2 Juni 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (286.765 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.2.81-88

Abstract

Abstract THE KINETICS OF GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida dennst.) TUBER DETOXIFICATION VIA FUNGAL FERMENTATION USING Mucor racemosus. Bitter yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is one of carbohydrate sources used as staple food commonly found in Indonesian dry-land. However, this tuber has been underutilized due to the presence of an antinutrition compound, namely cyanogenic glucosides. Removal of cyanides from foodstuffs can be done either by physical, chemical or biological methods. In this study, the effect of time on the detoxification of gadung tuber chips from cyanides via fermentation using Mucor racemosus and its kinetics were investigated. Gadung chip samples were withdrawn from the fermentation system at every 24 hours interval for biomass and cyanides contents analysis. It was clear that the cyanides content decreased as the fermentation went by. Safely consumed gadung tuber chips were obtained from fermentation of the chips for 120 hours from which cyanides content as low as 49.41 mg/kg was achieved. The logistic equation successfully described the growth rate of Mucor racemosus under studied condition. The specific growth rate of Mucor racemosus in gadung chips was found to be 0.0297/hr or about a half of specific growth rate of that mold when grown in the readily consumed yeast-pepton-glucose (YPG) media. Keywords: fermentation; yam; monod; Mucor racemosus; cyanogen  Abstrak Umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) merupakan salah satu sumber karbohidrat yang digunakan sebagai makanan pokok yang biasa ditemukan di lahan kering di wilayah Indonesia. Namun, umbi ini kurang dimanfaatkan karena adanya senyawa antinutrisi, yaitu cyanogenic glucosides. Penghilangan senyawa sianida dari bahan makanan dapat dilakukan baik dengan metode fisik, kimia atau biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu pada detoksifikasi irisan umbi gadung dari senyawa sianida melalui fermentasi dengan menggunakan kapang Mucor racemosus dan kinetikanya. Cuplikan irisan umbi gadung diambil dari sistem fermentasi pada setiap jeda waktu 24 jam untuk dianalisis kadar biomassa dan sianidanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan sianida menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu fermentasi. Irisan umbi gadung yang aman dikonsumsi dapat diperoleh dari fermentasi irisan ubi gadung selama 120 jam dengan kandungan sianida serendah 49,41 mg/kg. Persamaan logistik berhasil menggambarkan tingkat pertumbuhan kapang Mucor racemosus dengan baik. Tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik dari Mucor racemosus pada irisan umbi gadung adalah 0,0297/jam atau sekitar setengah dari laju pertumbuhan spesifik jamur tersebut saat dibudidayakan pada media yang siap dikonsumsi, seperti ragi-pepton-glukosa (YPG). Kata kunci: fermentasi; gadung; monod; Mucor racemosus; sianogen 
Studi Tekno Ekonomi Desalinasi Air Laut Skala Kecil Dengan Sistem Reverse Osmosis Linda Aliffia Yoshi; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (290.433 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.16.4.218-224

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain dan keekonomian desalinasi air laut di Indonesia yang mempunyai suku bunga bank 12-14%, tarif listrik Rp 1.300-1.800 per kWh, dan pajak air bawah tanah. Penggunaan sistem desalinasi SWRO di Indonesia pada umumnya dibuat skala kecil. Studi ini berdasarkan studi kasus di Pulau Bali dengan tarif listrik adalah Rp 1.335,29/kWh dan pajak air bawah tanah adalah Rp 4.950/m3. Evaluasi tekno-ekonomi dianalisa untuk kapasitas 150-1000 m3/hari, recovery sistem 40% dengan salinitas air laut 32.000 ppm, suku bunga 13%, dan jangka waktu pinjaman 10 tahun. Harga jual air desalinasi pada tahun pertama 24,300/m3. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ekonomi yang meliputi NPV dan IRR  dapat disimpulkan bahwa investasi layak dilakukan.
Back Matter Vol 17 No. 04 December 2017 Widayat, W
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 4 Desember 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (819.983 KB)

Abstract

List of Author, indexing and Author Guidelines
PEMISAHAN ION KROM(III) DAN KROM(IV) DALAM LARUTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIOMASSA ALGA HIJAU SPIROGYRA SUBSALSA SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN M Mawardi; Edison Munaf; Soleh Kosela; Widayanti Wibowo
Reaktor Volume 15, No.1, APRIL 2014
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (192.118 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.1.27-36

Abstract

Karakteristik pemisahan ion Cr3+ dan Cr6+ dalam larutan melalui proses biosorpsi menggunakan biomassa alga hijau Spirogyra subsalsa dengan sistem batch telah diteliti. Dalam pelaksanaannya diawali dengan melakukan analisis kualitatif gugus fungsi dalam biomassa menggunakan instrumen FTIR, kemudian dipelajari karakteristik pengaruh variabel pH awal larutan, ukuran partikel biosorben, kecepatan pengadukan, pengaruh pemanasan biosorben, laju penyerapan, pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ion logam terhadap kapasitas serapan biomassa alga. Berdasarkan spektra spektroskopi FTIR dapat disimpulkan bahwa  biomassa alga hijau S. Subsalsa mengandung gugus-gugus karboksilat, amina, amida, amino, karbonil dan hidroksil, disamping adanya senyawa silikon, belerang dan fosfor. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh  memperlihatkan bahwa kapasitas biosorpsi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH larutan, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi awal larutan. Biosorpsi optimum kation Cr3+ terjadi pada pH 4,0 sedangkan ion Cr6+ terjadi pada pH 2,0 kemudian berkurang dejalan dengan naiknya pH larutan. Perhitungan dengan persamaan Isoterm Langmuir diperoleh data kapasitas serapan maksimum biomassa alga S. subsalsa untuk masing-masing ion Cr3+ dan Cr6+ adalah 1,82 mg (0,035 mmol) dan 1,51 mg (0,029 mmol) per gram biomassa kering. Kinetika biosorpsi berlangsung relatif cepat, dimana selama selang waktu 30 menit, masing-masing ion terserap sekitar 95,7%; dan 86,5%. Daya serap biomassa juga dipengaruhi kecepatan pengadukan, sedangkan faktor ukuran partikel dan pemanasan biosorben kurang mempengaruhi daya serap biomassa. Key Word : biosorpsi, spirogyra subsalsa, krom(III), krom(VI), sistem batchAbstract Separation of Ion Chromium(III) and Chromium(IV) In Solution Using Green Algae Biomass Spirogyra subsalsa as Biosorbent. The characteristics of Cr3+andCr6+ ion separation in solution through biosorption process using green algal biomass Spirogyrasubsalsa with batch systems have been investigated. The study began with aqualitative analysis of functional groups in biomass using FTIR instrument, then followed by a study of the characteristics of influences by several variables, such as: the initial pH of the solution,the size of biosorben particles, stirring speed, the effect of heating the biosorben, the rate of absorption, and the effect of metal ion concentration in solution on the absorption capacity of algal biomass. Based on FTIR spectroscopy spectra gave a conclusion that biomass of green algae S.subsalsa contains carboxylate groups, amine, amide, amino, carbonyl and hydroxyl, in addition to silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus compounds. The results showed that the biosorption capacity was strongly influenced by pH, contact time, and initial concentration ofthe solution. The optimum biosorption of Cr3+cation occurred at pH 4.0 while that of Cr6+ions occurred at pH 2.0 and then decreased with the increasing pH of solution. The calculation of Langmuir isotherm equation showed that the maximum absorption capacity of algal biomass S.subsalsa for Cr3+and Cr6+ ion respectively was 1.82mg (0.035 mmol) and 1.51 mg (0.029 mmol) pergram of dry biomass. The kinetics of biosorption took place relatively quick, in which during the 30minutes time interval, each ion was absorbed approximately 95.7%; and 86.5%. The absorptive capacity of biomass was also influenced by stirring speed, while the size of particles and heating biosorben gave lessinfluence to the absorption of biomass.
Pemekatan gliserol dengan reserve osmosis I. N. Widiasa; Wisjnuprapto Wisjnuprapto; I. G. Wenten
Reaktor Volume 6 No. 1 Juni 2002
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5531.076 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.6.1.8-15

Abstract

Pemisahan enzim dan pemekatan produk masih menjadi kendala utama dalam aplikasi proses hidrolisis minyak/lemak secara enzimatis untuk skala industry. Dalam makalah ini akan dipaparkan kemungkinan proses reserve osmosis tekanan rendah untuk roses pemekatan larutan gliserol. Tiga tipe membrane reserve osmosis yang tersedia di pasaran dari Millipore, yakni R-15A (poliamida), R-25A (poliamida), dan R-45P (polisulfon tersulfonasi), telah digunakan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa fluks permeat meningkat secara linear terhadap tekanan operasi. Selain itu, tekanan operasi juga meningkatkan selektivitas umpan. Secara umum, membrane R-15A memberikan selektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan membrane R-25A dan membrane R-45P, tetapi memberikan fluks yang lebih rendah. Untuk umpan dengan konsentrasi gliserol kurang dari 60.000 ppm, membrane R-25A lebih direkomendasikan karena memberikan fluks lebih dari 40% fluks air murni dan rejeksi masih di atas 85%. Prningkatan nilai Cm dan k terhadap kenaikan operasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi percobaan masih di daerah kendali tekanan. Kata kunci : hidrolisis minyak, pemekatan gliserol, reserve osmosis
THE OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION ZEOLITE Y CATALYST FROM RHA BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY Didi Dwi Anggoro; Aprilina Purbasari
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 3, Juni 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (604.908 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.3.189 – 194

Abstract

Rice husk is the milling byproduct of rice and is a major waste product of the agriculture industry. Amorphous silica, commonly referred to as rice husk ash, was extracted from rice husk by acid leaching, pyrolysis, and carbon-removing processes. These properties make the ash a valuable raw material for many industries.  This paper is study of synthesized of zeolite Y from rice husk ash. Zeolite Y synthesis is used for petroleum industry as expensive catalyst. Rice husk was calcined at temperature 700oC for two hours using furnace to produce pure silica. The composition of synthesized of zeolite Y from rice husk was 2.24 Na2O:Al2O3:8SiO2:112 H2O. The gel solution was mixed at room temperature for 24 hours using autoclave. Then, the gel solution was heated with variable temperature and time crystallization. The product zeolite synthesis Y was filtered and washed with distilled water until pH lower than ten, than dried at oven. This product was analyzed with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). From XRD analyze result indicated that from rice husk ash can produced zeolite synthesis Y which high crystallization degree. The optimum conditions for synthesis of zeolite Y from rice husk ash are temperature at 100oC for 48 hours, silicate at 20%, and aluminate at 10%.
Antimicrobial Activity of Kaffir Lime Peel Extract against Streptococcus mutans Rosalie Purwanto; Jeni Pabontong; Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas; Wenny Irawaty
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 4 December 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.052 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.04.235-240

Abstract

Kaffir lime peels contain polyphenols as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The aims of this study were to (1) extract phenolics compounds from kaffir lime peels using water, ethanol 70% and ethanol 96% as the solvent, and (2) assess the antibacterial activity of the extract against Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Research methodology includes preparation and extraction of polyphenols from kaffir lime peels, preparation of mouthwash based-kaffir lime peels extracts and evaluation the mouthwash ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The results show water exhibited the best solvent to extract polyphenols among the three solvents. The total phenolics content in the water extract was observed at 11.42±0.48 mg GAE/g, whilst in the two ethanolic extracts were 10.91±0.87 and 8.87±0.53 mg GAE/g for ethanol 70 and 96%, respectively. Consequently, the water-based extract performed the highest antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by 100% extract of concentration extract variation. Although the inhibition zone of the mouthwash was smaller than the commercial product, the extract has the potential to be developed as a safe mouthwash for long-term usage.Keywords: dental caries; kaffir lime; mouthwash; peel; phenolic; Streptococcus mutans
Pengembangan Biolarvasida Jentik Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) Agus Rochmat; Mitha Fuji Adiati; Zahrotul Bahiyah
Reaktor Volume 16 No.3 September 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.67 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.16.3.103-108

Abstract

Abstract POTENSIAL DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACT BELUNTAS (Plucea indica Less.) as BIOLARVACIDE TO MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti LARVAE. The eradication of Aedes aegyptY mosquito is difficult because they have the ability to adapt the environment which makes it very tough. Although, there are not disturbances due to natural phenomena or human intervention. Termination of the mosquito life cycle is an alternative to reduce the mosquito population. The antimicrobial of beluntas extract is expected to have the ability biolarvacide on mosquito larvae. The biolarvasicide of beluntas leaf extracts was determined LC50 values and strengthened by identification of the active compound. The biolarvacide tested was conducted on the larvae of Aedes aegypti with variations extract concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 24 hours observation. The experimental results found that yield of ethanol extract, extract n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract: 3.8742%, 1.2054% and 1.8627%. While the value of LC50 to extract n-hexane and ethyl acetate respectively amount to 46.09 ppm and 108.79 ppm. LC50 value obtained belong biolarvacide active and positive control using abate value LC100 Abate at a concentration of 100 ppm. The ability biolarvacide ethyl acetate fraction only make the mosquito larvae die, anwhile the fraction of n-hexane can degrade the cells larvae destroyed. The ability biolarvacide beluntas extract was corroborated by the results of GC-MS analysis which showed contains active compounds beluntas such as quinic acid, hydrazinecarboxamide, benzene acetic acid, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid which is a compound of larvicides. Keywords: biolarvacide; beluntas; LC50, GC-MS  Abstrak Pemberantasan nyamuk Aedes aegypti sulit dilakukan karena mereka memiliki kemampuan adaptasi lingkungan yang membuat sangat tangguh, meski ada gangguan  akibat  fenomena  alam ataupun  intervensi manusia. Pemutusan siklus hidup nyamuk merupakan alternative dalam mengurangi populasi nyamuk. Sifat antimikroba ekstrak nyamuk diharapkan dapat memiliki kemampuan biolarvasida pada jentik nyamuk. Kemampuan biolarvasida ekstrak daun beluntas ditentukan melalui nilai LC50 dan diperkuat dengan identifikasi kandungan senyawa aktif. Uji biolarvasida ini dilakukan terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 50, 100, 250, 500 dan 1000 ppm selama 24 jam pengamatan. Hasil percobaan diketahui bahwa: rendemen untuk ekstrak etanol, ekstrak n-heksana dan ekstrak etil asetat masing-masing sebesar 3,8742 %, 1,2054 % dan 1,8627 % sementara nilai LC50 untuk ekstrak n-heksan dan etil asetat masing-masing sebesar 46,09 ppm dan 108,79 ppm. Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh termasuk golongan biolarvasida aktif dan kontrol positif menggunakan abate memiliki nilai LC100 Abate pada konsentrasi 100 ppm. Kemampuan biolarvasida fraksi etil asetat hanya membuat larva nyamuk mati sementara fraksi n-heksana dapat mendegradasi sel larva hingga hancur. Kemampuan biolarvasida aktif ekstrak beluntas ini dikuatkan dengan hasil analisa GC-MS yang menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa aktif ekstrak daun beluntas seperti quinic acid, hydrazinecarboxamide, benzene acetic acid, dan 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid yang merupakan senyawa larvasida.

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