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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 42 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020" : 42 Documents clear
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves Powder in Fish Feed Toward Growth Rate and Health of Colossoma macropomum Safrida, Safrida; Noviasyah, Nonong; Khairil, Khairil
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.22655

Abstract

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is one of freshwater fish that preferred by the community and also in high demand by fish farmers. It has a high selling value and easy to maintain but the growth is slow. One alternative that can be used to improve the fish growth is making rations with the addition of Moringa oleifera leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaves powder on the growth rate and health of C. macropomum. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA Test in α =95%. The results showed that P3 with the addition of 30% Moringa leaves powder could increase the growth of Colossoma macropomum. An increase in fish body weight, width, and length was 40.1%, 21.6%, and 6.4% respectively.  Results of ocular, reflex, and defensive test showed that the fish were in healthy condition compared to their condition before acclimatization. The conclusions of this study is that the addition of Moringa leaves powder in an influential ration can increase the growth and maintain the health of C. macropomum. M. oleifera daily supplement can be used as a substitute for soy flour to promote growth and health of Colossoma macropomum in the seed phase. The addition of M. oleifera can be used as feed supplements to improve the growth and health of Colossoma macropomum.
Raw Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 in Tapioca Flour Towards Cucumber Damping-off Soesanto, Loekas; Ilahiyyah, Hidayatul; Mugiastuti, Endang; Manan, Abdul; Rostaman, Rostaman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24567

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum is effective for controlling soil-borne pathogenic fungi and producing secondary metabolites. When applied in the field, the raw secondary metabolites are quickly decreased directly by sunlight. One strategy to avoid degradation is the use of tapioca fluor liquid formula for biological control agents. This research aimed to obtain the most effective concentration of tapioca flour in development of raw secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10, its effect on damping-off and growth of cucumber. This research was carried out at the screen house and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from September 2017 up to January 2018. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e., in vitro and in planta. The in vitro stage used completely randomized design with five repetitions and five treatments consisted of T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% of tapioca flour media. In in planta, randomized block design was used with five repetitions and six treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in PDB, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5, and 2% of tapioca flour media. Variables observed were density of conidia, disease incubation period, disease incidence, AUDPC, maximum growth potential, germination ability, plant height, canopy fresh weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Result of the research showed that the highest conidial density (1.23 x 107 conidia mL-1) of T. harzianum T10 was found in 2% tapioca flour with an increase of 63.28% compared to the PDB. The tapioca flour of 1 and 2%, and PDB could suppress the disease incidence by 81.82%. The lowest AUDPC was at 2% tapioca flour. The raw secondary metabolites could not delay the incubation period significantly and increase cucumber plant growth. The novelty is the use of antagonistic fungi in terms of raw secondary metabolites and the discovery of tapioca flour with the right concentration to produce high conidia density and high raw secondary metabolites. The benefits are to find other cheaper ingredients in promoting antagonistic fungal growth and the use of antagonistic fungal bioactive compounds to control plant pathogen
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Theobroma cacao Simarmata, Rumella; Widowati, Tiwit; Dewi, Tirta Kumala; Lekatompessy, Sylvia J. R.; Antonius, Sarjiya
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.21280

Abstract

Cacao (Theobrama cacao) is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia which has an important role for the national economy. The low productivity of cacao plants in Indonesia is due to the condition of old plants, pests and diseases attacks which affect the quality of the fruit and decrease the plant’s productivity. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify of endophytic bacteria from stem, flower, leaf and fruit of T. cacao by using 16S rRNA gene as genetic marker. Twenty seven endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from local plantation in Yogyakarta area.  From this study, 8 endophytic bacterial strains exhibited the higher PGP traits. The isolates produced Indole Acetic Acid level by 0.3 to 5.21 ppm/hour. All of isolates had nitrogen fixation activity but have not phosphate solubilization activity. Among them, isolates CSDT 4 and CGKBH 4 showed promising potential as PGP bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, those bacterial strains were identified as Brevibacillus brevis (CSDT 4) and Pantoea sp. (CGKBH 4). We propose that the B. brevis and Pantoea sp. which is reported for the first time for their PGP potential in cacao, exerts its beneficial effects on cacao crop through combined of activities. The potential PGP bacteria from the Cacao plant was used to make a specific bio-fertilizer formula for the Cacao plant, because of the different needs and condition that every plant requires.
Characterization of Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus Proteases as Potential Rennet Alternatives Sukmana, Andreas Binar Aji; Widyaningrum, Indy; Lani, Rischa Karmila; Kasmiyati, Sri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23516

Abstract

Rennet, a milk coagulant exhibiting proteolytic activity, is a crucial component in cheese industries. Its price and availability have discouraged the growth of some small scale cheese industries. Therefore, an alternative for rennet will be beneficial for the industries. Among other sources, plant proteases offer some advantages as rennet alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of plant proteases obtained from the latex as potential rennet alternatives. A total of six plants from the genus Ficus and Artocarpus were screened for their proteolytic activity and milk coagulating ability. The screening indicated that all six tested plants displayed proteolytic activity at various levels, but only Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus produced a firm milk curd. Hence, both F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus were determined to be the most potential. Further characterizations suggested that F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus protease were optimum at pH 7.0 also at 50°C and 40°C, respectively. At their optimum conditions, both proteases exhibited a lower MCA/PA ratio than that of the rennet. This study contributed to scientific knowledge development by becoming the first to characterize the optimum conditions of F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus’ proteases, investigate their MCA/PA ratio, and compare their activity against commercial rennet. The examination of their potentials as rennet alternatives could benefit small cheese industries and the communities.
The Best Inoculation Technique Applied on Gyrinops versteegii Tree Trunk Wahyuni, Resti; Prihantini, Amalia Indah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.25128

Abstract

Agarwood is a non-timber forest product having high economic value, however, its population in nature is getting decrease. Gyrinops versteegii, an agarwood-producing plant, has been listed in Appendix II CITES, therefore, exploitation of the agarwood in nature must be reduced. An effort to reduce the agarwood exploitation the nature is by agarwood cultivation including cultivation of agarwood-producing plant and agarwood inoculation. Some of agarwood inoculation methods are simpori and implant techniques. Simpori is a modified inoculation method using porous nail and Fusarium solani, meanwhile implant technique uses drill and pieces of wood that is soaked in F. solani spores. The present study aimed to determine the best inoculation technique applied to G. versteegii tree trunk at 4 to 5m height, comparing simpori and implant techniques. This study used completely randomizes design with two treatments (simpori and implant techniques). The result showed that the averages yield of production agarwood produced by simpori and implant techniques are 0.66 and 0.64%, respectively. Based on SNI 7631:2011, the visual quality of the produced agarwood belongs to kemedangan TG.C. In conclusion, both simpori and implant technique produced agarwood in similar quality and quantity at six months inoculation, however, simpori is more practical for application in the field. This study provides additional data about agarwood produced by simpori and implant technique and give the alternative methods for agarwood farmers producing their agarwood themselves.
Antibacterial Activity of Various Extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Prastiyanto, Muhammad Evy; Wardoyo, Fandhi Adi; Wilson, Wildiani; Darmawati, Sri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23600

Abstract

The multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacteria is a global health problem that causes high mortality every year. Therefore, novel antibacterial agents are needed from natural biological sources. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of various crude extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi against MDR bacteria. The antibacterial activity was calculated based on the use agar well diffusion assay and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using Mueller–Hinton broth in a microdilution method. Bacteria from wells were subcultured using inoculating loop onto a 5% sheep BAP. The best antibacterial activity, calculated as the most widely inhibitory zone and the smallest MBC values. The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against the all MDR bacterial test in the agar well diffusion assay (10-14.5 mm inhibition diameter). The MBC of water extract against ESβL + CR Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the best antibacterial activity (12.5 mg/mL). The fruit of bilimbi was shown to be potentially developed as antibacterial agents, especially for MDR strains. Further in vivo research and discovery of action mode are needed to shed light on their antibacterial effects. This study can provide new information about the benefits of bilimbi as a source of natural antibacterial againts MDR-bacteria
Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Suhartono, Suhartono; Mahdani, Wilda; Masthura, Aderiana; Rusmana, Iman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23758

Abstract

Candidiasis has become increasingly widespread in the community alongside with the developing resistance of Candida sp. to some antifungals. A prevalence study in the present research is required to surveil the distribution of Candida-related infections to administrate the appropriate antifungal treatments. The objective of this research was to determine the species distribution of candidiasis with their antifungal susceptibility isolated from clinical specimens at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The clinical specimens were from inpatients and outpatients in the hospital during January to June 2019. The identification of Candida species and antifungal sensitivity assay were conducted by using VITEK® 2 Compact. Of a total of 68 isolates, there were six species of Candida with the highest species prevalence was Candida tropicalis (52.94%). Additionally, the highest prevalence of candidiasis came from urine specimen (54.41%) and mostly from inpatients in the internal medicine unit (54.41%). Candidiasis occurred predominantly in men (58.82%) and during adulthood (55.88%). The antibiogram of Candida sp. shows a high percentage of sensitivity towards some antifungals including fluconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%), caspofungin (100%), micafungin (100%), amphotericin B (99.5%), and flucytosine (100%). From this result, it can be concluded that candidiasis cases in the ZAH Banda Aceh, Indonesia has prevalently occurred with the few antifungal therapies for candidiasis of were still effective empirically and definitively. This is an initial study of Candida prevalence within different clinical samples in Banda Aceh and the study is expected to be a basis for prevention and control of Candida-related infections in the area.
Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Turmeric Flowers Septiana, Eris; Yadi, Yadi; Simanjuntak, Partomuan
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24396

Abstract

Antioxidants are compounds needed by the body to fight free radicals that can cause adverse effects on health. All parts of turmeric plant have antioxidant activity, so does the flower. It is thought that the endophytic fungi from turmeric flowers also have antioxidant activity and no studies have reported it yet. The purpose of this study was to study the antioxidant activity of single and mixed cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from turmeric flowers. In vitro antioxidant activity assay was conducted using the DDPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method by measuring its absorption using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The extract of single and mixed cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from turmeric flowers showed antioxidant activity. The combination of fungal cultures can increase the antioxidant activity of a single culture. This study is the first to report that the combination of endophytic fungi from turmeric flowers can increase its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the presence of the endophytic fungi in turmeric flowers that have antioxidant activity can provide additional information so that the utilization of turmeric flowers as a source of natural antioxidants will increase.
Plant Species Diversity and Degree of Homogeneity after the 2010 Eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia Afrianto, Whisnu Febry; Hikmat, Agus; Widyatmoko, Didik
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23525

Abstract

The eruption in 2010 of Merapi Mount changed the diversity of plant species. The objective of this research was to investigate the diversity of plant species on Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The sampling area was divided into three different levels of damage (heavy, medium, and mirror). The research was conducted by using line-transect and quadrat method.  We were conducted using line-transect and quadrat method. The research showed that Acacia decurrens has the highest Important Value Index (IVI) at the heavy damage area of Cangkringan Resort (CR) and Kemalang Resort (KR) as well as in mirror damage area of Selo Resort (SR). The most important species at medium damage area of Dukun Resort (DR) were Albizia lopantha and Pinus merkusii. The pioneer species at Non-Cover Area (NCA) among others were Trema cannabina, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Imperata cylindrical, Buddleja asiatica, Anaphalis javanica. Eupatorium riparium were the most important species of herb in all four locations based on SIMPER, but it was not dominant in NCA. The homogeneity of plant in Cangkringan Resort and Selo Resort (C < D < E) were normally distributed, whereas NCA, DR, and KR (E ≥ D) were homogeneous. Analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling and value of ANOSIM (RANOSIM =0.69; p = 0.0001) demonstrated that all site locations have significance differences. This research was not only focusing on survey of vegetation diversity, but also frequency class distribution. Through this study of frequency of species provides a database for conservation biodiversity and restoration program.
Distribution of the Termite Reproductive Castes in Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java Subekti, Niken; Saniaturrohmah, Saniaturrohmah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.25391

Abstract

Soil termites play a role as  a primary decomposer in natural forests. These types of termites can   be turned into residential pests as more land use to be plantations, housing, and buildings. This study analyzed the distribution of subterranean termites' reproductive caste, its identification, and environmental factors that influence the development of subterranean termites. The research methods used include distribution analysis using UV flying traps, surveys using  GPS, identification of reproductive castes, and environmental factors including  soil  nutrients,  vegetation analysis, temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, and wind speed. The results showed that the distribution of termites is found throughout the Gunungpati Semarang area. The identification of reproductive caste/alates found was Termitidae. Environmental  factors  that  affect the life of termites in the Gunungpati Semarang area December 2019-January 2020 include the temperature of 27.0-28.4 oC, the humidity of 60.2 -61.2 %, air pressure 950.5-975.0 hPa, soil pH 4.84 - 5.60 and soil moisture 29.7-34.0 %. The vegetation was dominated by the Apocynaceae, Sapindaceae, and  Euphorbiaceae. The highest value of diversity and vegetation index sequentially are Sekaran, Patemon, and Ngijo. It is found that the entire Gunungpati area of Semarang is a suitable habitat  for the growth and development of the Termitidae. The finding will help the authoritative institution to consider Gunungpati as a conservation area.

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