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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 86   87   88   89   90 
Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation to The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg Tyas Rini Saraswati; Silvana Tana
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 1 (2016): March 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i1.4982

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric powder supplementation to the age of sexual maturity, physical, and chemical quality of the first Japanese quail’s (Coturnix japonica) egg. Forty five quails were assigned into a completely randomized design with three treatments (levels of turmeric powder, i.e., 0; 54; and 108 mg/quail/day) and each treatment used 15 quails. Turmeric powder supplementation was conducted before sexual maturity. Feed and drinking water provided ad libitum. Observed egg is an egg that was first produced. Parameters measured were the age of sexual maturity, feed intake, body weight, physical qualities which include: weight of egg, long axis, short axis, weight and thickness of shell, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell index. Whereas the observed chemical quality were cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin A in eggs and egg shell calcium levels. The results showed that administration of turmeric powder can accelerate the age of maturity, increasing the levels of protein, HDL, vitamin A and B12 in eggs, decreasing the cholesterol and LDL content in eggs, but did not affect feed intake, physical quality of eggs and egg shell calcium levels. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix japonica), so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for consumption.How to CiteSaraswati, T. R., Tana, S. (2016). Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation To The Age of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s (Coturnix japonica) Egg. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology Biology Education, 8(1), 18-24.
Effect of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) Concentration on Growth Micro Cutting of Nepenthes ampullaria Iman Budisantoso; Mona Indriani; Kamsinah Kamsinah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15718

Abstract

Conventionally, cultivations of Nepenthes are conducted by using seeds, cutting, and filial separation. However, there are many obstacles come both from time and technical aspect. In vitro culture is an alternative way for cultivating  N. ampullaria (Jack,). One of a technique of in vitro culture is micro cutting. BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) growth regulator could be added to optimize the growth of  N. ampullaria microcutting. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of  BAP on the growth of Nepenthes microcutting. This research was done experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). BAP treatment consisted of 5 concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 (ppm), each treatment were multiplied 4 times. The parameters observed were: a time of bud initiation, time of root initiation, total of leaves, total of new buds, total of roots, length of leave, length of root, and height of bud. The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA (Analisis of Variance) and continued with 5% and 1% LSD (Least Significant Different)  test. The result showed that addition of BAP affected the growth of  N. ampullaria microcutting in total leaves, length of leave, and total of buds. LSD test proved that 0.57 ppm of BAP was optimal concentration to increase total buds, whit the value reached of 3.86. Here, we found that BAP can be utilized to enhanche N. ampullaria growth on in vitro culture. The benefit of this study is to conserve N. ampullaria in vitro using BAP at  0.57 ppm.
Kualitas Hasil Fermentasi Pada Pembuatan Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Berbahan Baku Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) Herlina Fitrihidajati; Evie Ratnasari; Isnawati -; Gatot Soeparno
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3540

Abstract

Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm) merupakan gulma perairan yang mengganggu ekosistem. Eceng gondok mengandung protein dan serat kasar yang tinggi. Kandungan serat kasar sulit dicerna, oleh karena itu, eceng gondok perlu diolah menjadi pakan ternak rendah serat kasar dengan cara fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas hasil fermentasi eceng gondok pada berbagai lama waktu fermentasi dan konsentrasi bioaktivator. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi bioaktivator dan lama fermentasi. Variasi konsentrasi ragi tempe sebagai bioaktivator meliputi 0 g/kg (V0), 14 g/kg (V1), 17,5 g/kg (V23), 21 g/kg (V3) dan 24,5 g/kg (V4). Variasi lama fermentasi yaitu 5 hari (L5) dan 10 hari (L10). Selanjutnya, proses fermentasi untuk setiap perlakuan adalah 10 kg Eceng gondok dengan 5 kali ulangan keseluruhan sampela berjumlah 50. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kadar protein, serat kasar dan kandungan energi, serta struktur fisik. Hasil analisis menggunakan Anava dua arah menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan V1L5 (14 g/kg dengan waktu fermentasi 5 hari) menghasilkan kandungan protein kasar 11,09%, kadar serat kasar 21,16% serta kandungan energi 1064,27 Kcal/kg menunjukkan kualitas terbaik. Hasil fermentasi eceng gondok secara fisik berstruktur remahan, berwarna coklat kehitaman, dan berbau khas tempe. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disarankan untuk mengolah eceng gondok menjadi pakan ternak dengan melakukan fermentasi menggunakan  ragi tempe  14g/kg berat basah eceng gondok  selama 5 hariWater hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm) is an aquatic weed that disrupts the ecosystems. Water hyacinth contains high protein and fiber. However, the content of crude fiber is difficult to be digested; therefore, water hyacinth needs to be transformed into low crude fiber animal feed by fermentation processes. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of fermented hyacinth on various duration of fermentation and various concentration of bioactivator. The study was an experimental study with two treatments, i.e. variation of bioactivator concentration and fermentation duration. The concentration of bioactivator (yeast of tempe) were 0 g/kg (V0), 14 g/kg (V1), 17.5 g/kg (V23), 21 g/kg (V3) and 24.5 g/kg (V4), whereas the duration of fermentation were 5 days (L5) and 10 days (L10). The fermentation process for each treatment was 10 kg Hyacinth with 5 replications; hence the total number of samples was 50. Parameters measured in this study included the levels of protein, crude fiber, energy content and physical structure. The results of the analysis using two-way ANOVA showed that the best quality was resulted from the V1L5 treatment (14 g/kg and the duration of fermentation was 5 days), namely 11.09% crude protein, 21.16% crude fiber content and energy content of 1064.27 Kcal/kg. The physical structure of fermented hyacinth were crumbs, blackish brown, and it had the distinctive smell of tempe. Based on these results it is advised to process water hyacinth into animal feed by fermentation using yeast of tempe 14g/kg wet weight of water hyacinth for 5 days.
The Role of Acetylcholine Esterase in Resistance Mechanism of Plutella xylostella to Emamektin Benzoate Udi Tarwotjo; Rully Rahadian
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13955

Abstract

One of the resistance mechanism of P. xylostellato emamektin benzoate is target insensitivity which is acetylcholine esterase that responsible for resistance occurrence. The objective of this study was to determine the role of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance mechanism of P. xylostella population to emamektin benzoate. For enzyme activity analysis, larvae homogenate of the third instar of P. xylostella was prepared. The number of insects required for each scour is 1 for each field population. The protein content in P. xylostella homogenate was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Non-specific esterase activity with an absorption rate was read using ELISA reader tool with λ = 450 nm. The inhibition level of acetylcholinesterase activity by emamectin benzoate in the tested population was 36.84%. The highest inhibition occurs in Puasan (Ngablak) population.  The result shows that a α-naphthyl acetate substrate was used so that it was recorded as non-specific esterase activity and did not exhibit esterase activity which specifically describes emamectin benzoate. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity of either α or β-naphthyl acetate substances to benzoic emamectin in the tested population most of the population was still susceptible. On α-naphthyl acetate substrate, the highest absorbance value found in susceptible population to benzoate emamectin (0.773), while the lowest found in Babrik (Ngablak) population  (0.083).
Resistance Inheritance of Plutellaxylostella Population to Residual of Emamectin Benzoat Udi Tarwotjo; Rully Rahardian
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.8048

Abstract

Excessive use of insecticides drives the increasing ability of pests to become resistant. The objectives of this research were to study the susceptibility and the resistance inheritance of the eleven population of P. xylostella to emamectin benzoate. The leaf-dip bioassay was applied to determine the sensitivity of P. xylostella to emamectin benzoate. The offspring of backcrossed F2 were tested whether the resistance was controlled by monogenic. The results showed that the LC50 of the Selo population was 53.42 ppb, and the Puasan population was 212.13 ppb. The genetic analysis showed that the backcrosseddegree of dominance (D) was less than 1. It was indicated that the P. xylostella resistance to emamectin benzoate was recessive. The value of LC50 of the backcrossed F1♀ x ♂S (177.99 ppb) and its reciprocals x ♀R (F1) (201.69 ppb) were not significantly different with the value of LC50 resistance population. This suggests that the nature of P. xylostella resistance to emamectin benzoate was controlled by monogenic.The result of the study would be beneficial for developing strategy to maintain susceptible population using refugee plant during lack of their host.
The Improvement of Mini Tuber Production of Granola Potato Cultivar in Aeroponics System Sugiyono Sugiyono; Lucky Prayoga; Elly Proklamasiningsih; Khavid Faozi; Rendie Prasetyo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.27714

Abstract

Potato is an important food crop in both developed and developing countries and it is the fourth most important food crop after wheat, maize, and rice. Potato production in Indonesia has decreased in recent years, mainly due to the use of low quality tuber seed. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of plant materials, types of nutrients, and planting density on mini tuber formation, as well as to determine the best aeroponics conditions for mini tuber formation of Granola cultivar of potato. This research has been carried out experimentally using a Split-split Plot Design. The main plot was planting materials which consisted of plantlet and knol. The subplot was the type of nutrition media which consisted of Farran nutrition, Otazu nutrition, and AB-commercial mix. The sub-sub-plot was planting density which consisted of 50, 75, and 100 plants/m2. The research results showed that knol planted in aeroponics system on AB-commercial mix at a planting density of 75 plants/m2 resulted in the best mini-tuber production. In this study, for the first time three important factors for potato mini-tuber production have thoroughly been investigated in Indonesia. This finding will be used by Kledung Horticultural Seed Garden, Temanggung, for mass production of high-quality mini-tuber seed, which in turn will provide sufficient tuber seed for the farmer in its surrounding areas. By increasing the production of high-quality tuber seed, it is expected that it will contribute to the improvement of potato productivity and increase Indonesian potato production.
Biological Control of Wood Destroying Organism Using Plant Extracts Collected from Mt. Merapi National Park, Indonesia Maya Ismayati; Deni Zulfiana; Didi Tarmadi; Anis Sri Lestari; Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti; Setiawan Khoirul Himmi; Anugerah Fajar; Sulaeman Yusuf
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 11, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i3.20102

Abstract

Due to the climate change and global warming, the biodiversity database has gained the attention of the government. In line with the Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (IBSAP), we have collected plants with insecticidal activity based on the local wisdom. This program aimed to protect Indonesian biodiversity from deforestation along with the loss of the number of species. This research’s goal was to evaluate termiticidal and antifungal properties from some plant extracts collected from the Turgo forest area, Mt. Merapi National park, Java. Three potential plants were evaluated. Based on specimen identification, the three plant samples were Kina (Cinchona sp.), Kamadoh (Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew), and Keremi (Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax). The phytochemical test showed that Kina contained alkoloid, falvonoid, saponin, and tannin, whereas Kamadoh and Keremi contained saponin and tanin, respectively. Overall, all plant extracts have the termiticidal activities and able to inhibit wood- decay fungi with the inhibition percentage around 60% - 100%. Leaf extracts of Kina (Cinchona sp) and Keremi (Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) showed the highest activity as wood-decay fungi inhibitor. The disclosure of the potential of bioinsecticides from some plants originating from Mount Merapi is very important before being lost due to deforestation and the Mount Merapi disaster. Thus, the potential bioinsecticide in these plants can increase its economic value as a substitute for synthetic insecticides that are friendly to the environment.
The Lipid Content of The Culture Microalgae Using Media of Tapioca Liquid Waste Achmad Ilalqisny Insan; Christiani Christiani; Hexa Apriliana Hidayah; Dwi Sunu Widyartini
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.12381

Abstract

Microalga Navicula sp., Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris have the prospect of being a source of biofuel producers. Rapid cell growth, coupled with the ability to produce large lipids and less pollution, can be used as an alternative to biofuel development. Microalgae cultivation can utilize tapioca liquid waste. Addition of NaCl to regulate salinity, so optimum for microalgae growth. In addition it can reduce toxins by binding to dissolved cyanide acid present in the waste. This study aims to determine the effect of NaCl concentration on tapioca liquid waste on growth and lipid microalgae content. This study used an experimental method with a complete random factorial design. The first factor tested three species of microalgae. The second factor tested seven NaCl concentrations on tapioca liquid waste media. The results showed that the concentration of NaCl 35% in tapioca liquid waste culture media capable of producing biomass of C. vulgaris cells with the highest lipid content. The NaCl concentration capable of producing the highest microalgae biomass from the study can be developed to design more effective and efficient tapioca industrial waste treatment without damaging the environment but more productive, as a biofuel producer.
Pengetahuan Tumbuhan Obat Dukun Sakai Desa Sebangar Duri Tiga Belas dan Desa Kesumbo Ampai Duri Kabupaten Bengkalis Yulisa Resti Irawan; Fitmawati -; Herman -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 5, No 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v5i1.2571

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dengan 13.466 pulau yang termasuk kedalam 33 provinsi dengan berbagai suku dan budaya. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang tinggi, berpadu dengan budaya etnik yang ada menghasilkan sistem pengetahuan dan budaya yang terkait dengan pemanfaatan tumbuhan yang ada. Budaya pengobatan dan penggunaan tumbuhan obat sudah berkembang lama dan diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Modernisasi menggerus tradisi dan pengetahuan pengobatan tradisional dan penggunaan tumbuhan obat di Suku Sakai Duri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pengetahuan tumbuhan obat secara tradisional di Suku Sakai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, wawancara dan survey langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 250 jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh suku Sakai yang berasal dari Desa Sebangar dan Desa Kesumbo Ampai. Berdasarkan familinya kelompok Zingiberaceae lebih banyak digunakan di Sebagar, sedangkan Famili Annonaceae lebih banyak digunakan di Desa Kesumbo Ampai. Berdasarkan bagian tanaman yang digunakan daun merupakan organ yang paling bayak digunakan di kedua tempat, sedangkan berdasarkan habitus tumbuhan berhabitus pohon lebih umum digunakan di kedua tempat.Indonesia have the high natural resources and biodiversity with 13.466 islands in 33 provinces with various of ethnics and cultures. The high plant diversity combined with the variety of ethnics might result in the diversity of knowledge system of relationship between the society cultures and their plants cultures. The traditional treatment cultures and use the medicinal plants have been evolving for centuries that have been conserved from generation to generation. The presence of culture modernization has caused erosion of traditional knowledge of the society especially in the medicinal plants knowledge of Sakai Duri and Duri 13 ethnics. The aim of this study was to collect the information about the medicinal plant knowledge in Sakai ethnic. This study used descriptive method to collect all informations about the medicinal plant knowledge. The study has found 250 species of medicinal plants used by Sakai ethnic in Sebangsar Village and Kesumbo Ampai Village. Based on the family, the plants from Zingiberaceae family have been used more intensively by the society of Sebangar village, whereas the plants from Annonaceae family have been used more intensively by the people in Kesumbo Ampai village. The organ or part of the plants that is mostly used in both village was leave organ/part. Based on the habitus, the trees are mostly used in both sites and there were 35 tree species used in Sebangsar village compared to 42 species in Kesumbo Ampai village.
Contribution of Plantation Forest on Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Pollinators Conservation in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia Imam Widhiono; Eming Sudiana; Edy Yani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10652

Abstract

Wild bee pollinators (Hymenoptera : Apiade) diversity and abundance were studied in three types of plantation forest on Mt. Slamet (Central Java Province, Indonesia). The aims of the research was to know the diversity and abundance of wild bee pollinators and to determine the possibility of plantation forest contribution on wild bees conservation. Sampling has been done at three stands: a pine forest (PF, with Pinus merkusii), an Agathis forest (AF, with Agathis damara) and a community forest (CF, with Albizia falctaria). Each habitat was divided into 5 line transect (100 x 5 m) and sweep nets were used to collect the wild bee samples. Sampling was done eah month from April to August 2015. The diversity of wild bees was high (12 species in 9 genera; members of the Apidae (7 species were dominant). The most abundant species across the forests were Apis cerana (343 individuals; 25.5% of total), Trigona laeviceps (195 individuals; 14.5%), and Megachille relativa (165 individuals; 12.3%). Measurements of species diversity (H’), species evenness (E), habitat similarity (Ss) and species richness indicated that the wild bee species diversity in the region was relatively high (H’ = 1.275) to (H’ = 1.730);(E= 0.870) to (E = 0.93). The result showed that the diversity of wild bees in three different plantation forest habitats on Mt. Slamet were similar and can be concluded that plantation forest types were important for pollinator conservation, and an appropriate future preservation strategy should include of the areas of all plantation forest types.

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