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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 343 Documents
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Effect of Glyphosate and 2,4-D Herbicides and Bacterial Inoculation on Soil Properties, Growth, and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Zainab M. Alabadi; Alaa E. Hasan
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.479-493

Abstract

Weed-control using herbicides can inhibit weed growth but can also affect soil properties and soil microbial activity, ultimately impacting plant growth and productivity. A field experiment was carried out in Najaf Governorate within the Agricultural Research Station at the University of Kufa during the autumn season of 2024-2025 in a sandy-loam soil to study the effect of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides and bacterial inoculation on some soil characteristics, growth, and yield of yellow corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with two factors: herbicides at three concentrations (half the recommended, full recommendation, and double the recommended) and bacterial inoculation. The results showed that the interaction treatment between bacterial inoculation (A. chroococcum) and the use of glyphosate at the full recommended concentration, as well as the control treatment, achieved the highest values in the studied characteristics. The highest concentration of available nitrogen in the soil reached 35.67 mg N/kg soil, and available phosphorus reached 26.67 mg P/kg soil. In contrast, the degree of soil reaction remained within the appropriate limits for plant growth. The electrical conductivity decreased to 1.22 dS/m. Soil bacterial counts also increased to 37.00 × 10⁶ CFU/g dry soil, which was reflected in an improvement in total yield to 15.57 mg/ha.
Effect of Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Yield Components of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Jean d'Amour Rukundo; Yeongmi Jang; Jin Woong Cho; Boram Choi; Ki Jung Kil
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.314-325

Abstract

The nutritional benefits of legumes to humans are surpassed only by those of the Gramineae family. The common bean (Phaseolus voulgaris L.) is one of the most widely cultivated legume crops and an important source of protein in South Korea. Among the major abiotic stresses affecting common bean production in South Korea, drought stress is the most significant. However, the most vulnerable stages of drought stress after planting are unknown. Therefore, this research has been conducted. The RWR2245 common bean variety was planted in a greenhouse after land preparation under a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Three drought stress treatments were imposed during the growth period at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after planting (3 WAP, 6 WAP, and 9 WAP, respectively) by withholding water for 10 days, followed by a 1-week recovery period before data collection. The recorded data included plant height, leaf number, number of floral buds, shoot dry weight, lateral root number, primary root length, root nodule count, root dry weight, quantum photosynthetic yield, and maximum photochemical efficiency. These measurements were compared with those of the control treatment. The data were analyzed for variance (p < 0.05) using Minitab 2025 version 22 3.1 and Microsoft Excel. Except for the number of nodules, water stress significantly decreased for all measured parameters at 6 WAP, whereas at 9 WAP, only the number of leaves decreased significantly. Drought stress at 3 WAP resulted in significant decreases in all studied parameters except primary root length and leaf number. At 9 WAP, drought stress had no effect on the number of floral buds or pods; however, common bean plants were more tolerant to drought stress at 9 WAP. Further studies are needed to enhance common bean tolerance to drought stress across different growth stages to increase productivity, particularly at 6 WAP, which proved to be the most vulnerable stage.
Combined Tall and Short Genotypes Performance of Multi-canopy Rice in Dry and Wet Planting Seasons Dea Puspamiya Rahayu; Willy Bayuardi Suwarno; Hajrial Aswidinnoor
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.467-478

Abstract

The productivity of existing rice varieties has plateaued, while the area of rice fields continues to decline and the population continues to grow. Efforts to develop higher-yielding rice varieties have been made, one of which is the development of the multi-canopy rice system. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance of tall and short rice genotypes in a multi-canopy (MC) system across two planting seasons. This study evaluated 22 MC combinations and two monoculture checks (‘Inpari 32’ and ‘Ciherang’) using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications, across dry and wet seasons at IPB University’s Babakan station. The results of the study showed that a significant C×S interaction was found only for the number of filled grains (NFG) trait. A better performance is generally observed in the dry season. The best performing combination was D15 (IPB200-F-60 and IPB200-F-12), which produced the highest grain yield of 7.27 tons/ha, outperforming the check varieties. Total number of tillers (TNT), number of productive tillers (NPT), and number of filled grains (NFG) were positively and significantly correlated with yield. MGIDI analysis identified multi-canopy combinations D15, D6, D20, D19, D1, D12, and D9 as potential based on six traits. These combinations should be tested across a wider range of environments to further elucidate the effect of genotype-by-environment interaction.
Interactive Effects of Nano-Iron and Spent Mushroom Extract on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Citrus trifoliata Rootstock Saplings Abrar M Almousawi; Hawraa Imad Taher; Shyamaa S Neamah; Nawres Hazim Mohammed
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.326-334

Abstract

Citrus trifoliata rootstock production is critical for the successful establishment of citrus orchards because sapling vigor strongly influences orchard performance. An experiment was conducted under 50% shade to evaluate two factors: foliar application of nanoiron at three concentrations (0, 10, and 20 mg/L) and an organic amendment, spent mushroom extract (SME), applied via irrigation water at three concentrations (0, 50, and 100 ml/L), on the growth and nutrient status of C. trifoliata saplings. The combined treatment of nanoiron at 20 mg/L plus SME at 100 ml/L increased plant height by 130%, stem diameter by 180%, and branch number per plant by 350% over the control, along with concurrent increases in leaf area, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate accumulation. Foliar application of nanoiron integrated with SME provides a long-lasting, sustainable nutrient source that markedly improves sapling health and growth. This integrated approach can be considered an effective and practical strategy for enhancing nursery management and supporting sustainable citrus production.
Morphological and Phenological Study of Flowers and Fruits of Wild-Type Raspberries (Rubus spp.) Aminatun Nisa; Abdul Qadir; Eny Widajati; Muhammad Imam Surya
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.445-456

Abstract

Wild-type raspberries are part of forest succession and could be cultivated owing to their benefits and economic value. The development of cultivated plants depends on the quality of the genetic material used for propagation. Phenological studies are the first step in assessing the quality of genetic material and in determining the overall developmental process. This research aims to study the development and morphology of flowers, fruits, and seeds. This research was conducted at Cibodas Botanical Garden from September 2022 to March 2023. The experiment used wild-type raspberry species as a factor in a randomized complete block design. The results showed differences in the developmental phases and morphology of flowers, fruits, and seeds, as well as in stigma receptivity, among R. fraxinifolius, R. rosifolius, and R. ellipticus. Flowers take 11–15 days from initiation to anthesis, and the receptivity of the stigmas of the three species reaches a peak one day after anthesis in the morning. The fruit is ripe at 39–46 days after anthesis with a different color.
Growth Performance and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on Different Media in an NFT Hydroponic System Youmandja Arif Riyak Thiombiano; Pangesti Nugrahani; Ramdan Hidayat
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.370-381

Abstract

The operational success of closed-loop hydroponic systems is largely governed by the synergistic selection of the cultivation substrate and crop variety. An optimal growing medium must provide reliable structural stability, uniform moisture retention, and localized nutrient accessibility, which, when coupled with a cultivar’s inherent genetic potential, dictate overall vegetative development and marketable yield. This study evaluated the effects of different growing media and lettuce cultivars on growth dynamics and yield performance in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor completely randomized design, evaluating lettuce cultivars ‘Arroyo’, ‘Amaroza’, and ‘Espirando’ and growing substrates: rockwool, cocopeat, and peatmoss. The results revealed significant interaction effects between cultivar and growing media for plant height at 28 days after transplanting (DAT) and rosette canopy diameter at 7 DAT. The treatment combination integrating the cultivar ‘Arroyo’ with a peat moss substrate consistently yielded the highest values for these growth parameters. Furthermore, across all evaluated growing media, ‘Arroyo’ demonstrated superior biomass accumulation and overall productivity, highlighting its robust agronomic suitability for tropical NFT hydroponic cultivation.
Spatial Analysis of Viral Outbreaks in Indonesian Tomato Cultivation: Pathways to Sustainable Farming Ramadhani Safitri; Sony Suhandono; Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.555-573

Abstract

Tomato production in Indonesia is severely threatened by viral pathogens, compromising yield and food security. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of viral infections in 483 tomato samples collected from 11 provinces spanning 38 districts. Using RT-PCR and PCR diagnostics, we detected an overall infection rate of 96%, encompassing both RNA and DNA viruses. Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) was the predominant DNA virus, while cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) were the most widespread RNA viruses, frequently co-infecting with DNA viruses. Mixed infections were common, with up to five viruses detected in single samples, reflecting high viral complexity and crop vulnerability. An inverse relationship between infection complexity and crop vulnerability. An inverse relationship between infection complexity and incidence rate was observed: samples containing more viruses occurred less frequently. The variability of symptoms between single and mixed infections further hinders accurate visual diagnosis, underscoring the need for molecular detection tools. Spatial analysis revealed that Java Island had the highest incidence of viruses and the greatest diversity of combinations. Notably, North Sumatera (Tanah Karo), East Kalimantan (Samarinda and Balikpapan), and Central Sulawesi (Palu, Donggala, and Sigi) also exhibited high virus incidence and frequent DNA–RNA virus coinfections.
Diversity and Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Keerom, Papua, Indonesia Daawia; Supeni Sufaati; Bambang Suhartawan; Irma Rahayu
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.407-418

Abstract

Information on fruit flies is essential for integrated fruit fly control programs, whilst such information remains very limited in Papua. This study aims to determine the species diversity and abundance of fruit flies in agroecosystems (Yuwanain) and secondary forest ecosystems (Ubiyau) in Arso District, Keerom Regency. Sampling locations were determined using purposive sampling. Fruit fly samples were collected using plastic bottle traps baited with methyl eugenol. Observations were conducted during May and June 2025. Four species of fruit flies were found in Arso District: Bactrocera musae, B. umbrosa, B. fulvicauda, and B. dorsalis complex. All four species were found in the agroecosystem area in Yuwanain, whilst in the secondary forest in Ubiyau, only three species were found: B. musae, B. umbrosa, and B. fulvicauda. All species were pests except B. fulvicauda. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index values for fruit flies in the agroecosystem (H’ = 0.7) and in the secondary forest (H’ = 0.4) were both categorized as low. The Simpson Dominance Index in Yuwanain was classified as moderate (D = 0.636), whilst in Ubiyau it was categorized as high (D = 0.800). In Yuwanain, B. musae was highly dominant (D = 0.617) with a total individual count of 3,080. The dominance of B. musae in Yuwanain was attributed to the abundance of its primary host plant, banana, in the agroecosystem. The evenness index in Yuwanain village was moderate (E = 0.521), whereas in Ubiyau it was low (E = 0.381), indicating that the distribution of individual numbers for each species was uneven in the Secondary Forest. Fruit fly abundance was higher in the agroecosystem of Yuwanain (3,921 individuals) than in the secondary forest of Ubiyau (2,272 individuals). This difference is likely due to the greater diversity of host plants in the Yuwanain agroecosystem, including banana, papaya, jackfruit, citrus, wax apple, breadfruit, and chili. In contrast, the secondary forest of Ubiyau contains fewer naturally occurring host plants, such as the native Papua banana and breadfruit. It can be concluded that the species composition and abundance of fruit flies at certain habitat types were determined by the diversity and abundance of host plants.
Yield Components Response in ‘Barhi’ Dates Phoenix dactylifera to Organic Fertilization, Foliar Gibberellin, and Tryptophan Sarah R. M. Alzamili; Ghalib B. A. Al-Abbasi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.516-528

Abstract

 A two-season was conducted in the palm tissue culture station of orchard/horticulture department in Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from February 1st to October 1st 2024 for the first season and from February 1st to October 1st 2025 for the second season. The organic fertilization (sheep manure) at 0, 15, and 20 kg per tree, foliar spray with gibberellin at 0, 200, and 300 mg/L, and tryptophan at 0, 50, and 100 mg/L, were evaluated for their effects on ‘Barhi’ date palm growth and yield indicators. The results indicated that organic fertilization produced the greatest increase in leaf auxin and gibberellin content. In contrast, treatments with gibberellin and tryptophan resulted in comparatively smaller increases. Hormone levels in the control were approximately 20% lower than those observed in the lowest treatment. The fruit size was larger in the total interactions, but was not significantly affected by the individual treatment. However, fruit weight and cluster weight differed among the experimental factors. In general, the interaction treatment of organic fertilizer 20 kg per palm and gibberellins 300 mg/L in the presence of tryptophan 100 mg/L significantly resulted in the highest plant content of auxins (34.911 μg/g FW) and gibberellins (35.181 and 35.173 μg/g FW), fruit weight (13.020 and 11.573 g), fruit size (11.670 and 11.720 cm³), cluster weight (9.527 and 10.873 kg) and the total yield (38.109 and 38.780 kg per tree).
Molecular Identification Confirms Different Species of Cotton Jassids (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Tanzania Joseph Elias Nyesse; Gration Mutashoberwa Rwegasira; Luseko Amos Chilagane
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.02.544-554

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a strategic  cash crop in Tanzania, supporting the livelihoods of approximately two million people and contributing substantially to the national agricultural economy through lint production and the textile industry. However, cotton productivity is severely constrained by sap-sucking insect pests, particularly cotton jassids (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), which can cause yield losses of up to 50%. Pest management strategies have largely been implemented with limited knowledge of the actual species composition of jassids infesting cotton fields. This study aimed to establish the molecular identity of cotton-associated sucking pests, with an emphasis on jassids, in major cotton-growing areas of Tanzania. A total of 25 specimens were collected from cotton fields in Bunda, Meatu, Misungwi, and Kilosa districts. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Quick- DNA™ Mini Prep Plus Kit, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified using COI 1-3b and COI 2-4b primer pairs. PCR amplicons were visualized on 1.2% agarose gels, and successfully amplified products were sequenced. Approximately 650-bp COI sequences were analyzed using Maximum Likelihood methods implemented in MEGA v.12 and aligned with global reference datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic reconstruction resolved well-supported clades representing Amrasca, Jacobiasca, Ghauriana, and Empoasca species. Most specimens clustered strongly with authenticated reference sequences of Amrasca biguttula (bootstrap support 92–100%), confirming its presence as a dominant cotton pest. Additional samples grouped with Jacobiasca lybica, Jacobiasca formosana, Ghauriana sinensis, Empoasca distinguenda, and E. flavescens. Findings reveal considerable species diversity among cotton jassids in Tanzania and underscore the importance of integrating molecular diagnostics into routine pest surveillance to support species-specific and sustainable integrated pest management strategies.

Page 34 of 35 | Total Record : 343

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