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Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia
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ISSN : 14124939     EISSN : 25027085     DOI : -
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Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia (JKLI, p-ISSN: 1412-4939, e-ISSN:2502-7085, http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkli) provides a forum for publishing the original research articles related to: Environmental Health Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Health Risk Assessment Environmental Health Technology Environmental-Based Diseases Environmental Toxicology Water and Sanitation Waste Management Pesticides Exposure Vector Control Food Safety
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
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Kondisi Lingkungan Hunian dan Prevalensi ISPA pada Anak Balita dalam Masyarakat Adat Papua Selatan Arius Togodly; Anton Wambrauw; Katarina Lodia Tuturop; Samuel Aleksander Mandowen
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 2 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.81798

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih banyak ditemukan pada anak usia bawah lima tahun, terutama pada masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah terpencil Papua Selatan. Besarnya permasalahan tersebut diduga berkaitan dengan kelayakan tempat tinggal dan kebiasaan anggota rumah tangga pada komunitas adat setempat.Metode: Studi analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilaksanakan di Kampung Hubinangge, Kabupaten Boven Digoel, Papua Selatan. Seluruh kepala keluarga yang mempunyai anak berusia di bawah lima tahun diikutsertakan, dengan jumlah 110 responden. Informasi penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur dan pemeriksaan langsung terhadap lingkungan rumah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan uji chi-square dan pemodelan multivariat menggunakan interval kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Ventilasi yang belum sesuai standar ditemukan pada 69,1% rumah, sedangkan 70,0% rumah memiliki kepadatan penghuni yang tinggi. Paparan asap rokok di dalam rumah dialami oleh 59,1% balita, sementara prevalensi ISPA mencapai 66,4%. Model multivariat mengidentifikasi hubungan bermakna antara ISPA dan ventilasi yang tidak layak (PR = 1,72; 95% CI: 1,28–2,31), kepadatan hunian tinggi (PR = 1,58; 95% CI: 1,17–2,14), serta paparan asap rokok dalam rumah (PR = 1,89; 95% CI: 1,36–2,62). Paparan asap rokok menunjukkan hubungan paling kuat.Simpulan: Kelayakan ventilasi, kepadatan penghuni, dan paparan asap rokok berkaitan dengan prevalensi ISPA pada balita. Perbaikan lingkungan tempat tinggal dan penerapan rumah bebas asap rokok melalui keterlibatan komunitas perlu menjadi prioritas pencegahan. ABSTRACT Title: Household Environmental Conditions and ARI Prevalence among Under-Five Children in Indigenous Communities of South PapuaBackground: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain common among children under five, particularly among populations living in remote areas of South Papua. The persistent burden of ARIs in indigenous communities may be associated with inadequate housing conditions and household practices.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken in Hubinangge Village, Boven Digoel Regency, South Papua. All 110 household heads with children younger than five years were included in the study. Information was obtained through structured interviews and direct assessments of the residential environment. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and multivariable modeling were applied, with estimates reported at a 95% confidence level.Results: Inadequate ventilation was identified in 69.1% of households, while 70.0% had high residential density. Indoor tobacco smoke exposure affected 59.1% of under-five children, and the prevalence of ARIs was 66.4%. The multivariable model demonstrated significant associations between ARIs and inadequate ventilation (PR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.28–2.31), high residential density (PR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17–2.14), and indoor tobacco smoke exposure (PR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.36–2.62). Tobacco smoke exposure had the strongest association.Conclusion:  Household ventilation, residential density, and indoor tobacco smoke exposure were associated with ARI prevalence among children under five. Preventive measures should prioritize healthier housing conditions and community-supported smoke-free home initiatives.
Tingkat Kepadatan Lalat dan Gambaran Kondisi Sanitasi Kantin Sekolah Dasar Negeri dalam Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Perawang Elva Susanty; Dina Fauzia; Miranti Noviany Putri; Fika Rahmawati; Azizah Indah Juwita
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 2 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.68479

Abstract

Latar belakang: Lalat adalah vektor mekanis yang membawa patogen dan dapat menularkan penyakit seperti diare, disentri, tifoid, dan kolera. Keberadaan lalat di suatu tempat menunjukkan keadaan kebersihan di tempat tersebut. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengukur kepadatan lalat dan menilai kondisi sanitasi atau kebersihan kantin SDN (Sekolah Dasar Negeri) yang berada dalam wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawang.Metode: Pelaksanaan penelitian ini pada bulan Juli hingga November 2024 di kantin SDN dalam cakupan pelayanan Puskesmas Perawang. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling. Kepadatan lalat ditentukan melalui pengukuran menggunakan fly grill, sedangkan hasil pengukuran dikategorikan dengan mengacu pada Permenkes Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Observasi kondisi sanitasi kantin berdasarkan Kepmenkes RI Nomor 1429/MENKES/SK/XII/2006 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Kesehatan Lingkungan Sekolah..Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 12 (85,71%) kantin sekolah dari 14 SDN di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawang. Berdasarkan  Permenkes nomor 2 tahun 2023, terdapat 10 (83,33%) kantin sekolah yang memenuhi standar baku mutu kesehatan lingkungan  (< 2 ekor lalat per blok grill) dan 2 (16,67%) kantin sekolah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu kesehatan lingkungan. Semua kantin sekolah belum memenuhi syarat yang tertera dalam Kepmenkes RI Nomor 1429/MENKES/SK/XII/2006 tentang Pedoman Peyelenggaraan Kesehatan Lingkungan Sekolah.Simpulan: Sebagian besar kantin SDN wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawang telah memenuhi standar baku mutu kesehatan lingkungan, namun berdasarkan dari kondisi sanitasi, seluruh kantin SDN wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawang belum memenuhi persyaratan. ABSTRACT Title: Fly Density and Sanitation Conditions of Public Elementary School Canteens within the Service Area of Puskesmas Perawang Background:  Flies are mechanical vectors that carry pathogens and can transmit various diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and cholera. Their presence reflects the sanitation conditions of a location. Based on initial observations, the sanitation quality of the canteens in the public elementary schools within area of Puskesmas Perawang failed to meet the established standards, and a significant number of flies were found. his study was conducted to determine fly population density and assess the sanitation or cleanliness conditions of canteens in public elementary schools (SDN) within the service area of Puskesmas Perawang.Method:  The study took place from July to November 2024 and involved public elementary school canteens within the service area of Puskesmas Perawang. A cross-sectional design was used,. Sampling was conducted using total sampling of the canteens in the  public elementary school. Fy density was determined using a fly grill and canteen sanitation conditions observed according to Kepmenkes Number 1429/MENKES/SK/XII/2006 regarding  Guidelines for School Environmental Health Management. Result: This study showed that 12 (85.71%) school canteens out of 14 public elementary schools within the service area of the Puskesmas Perawang were included in the assessment. Based on Permenkes No. 2 of 2023, 10 (83.33%) school canteens met the environmental health quality standard (<2 flies per grill block), while 2 (16.67%) school canteens did not meet the standard. However, all school canteens have not yet fulfilled the requirements stated in Kepmenkes No. 1429/MENKES/SK/XII/2006 regarding Guidelines for Implementing School Environmental Health,Conclusion: Most public elementary school canteens within the service area of Puskesmas Perawang met the environmental health quality standard; however according to the sanitation assessment, all canteens had not yet fulfilled the required sanitation criteria..
Kemandirian Komunitas Pedagang Pasar dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Berkelanjutan: Studi Kualitatif tentang Dinamika Sosial, Budaya, dan Kesehatan Lingkungan di Kota Palopo Sudirman Sudirman; Andi Alim; Syamsul Bahri
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 2 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.78702

Abstract

Latar belakang: Permasalahan pengelolaan sampah di pasar tradisional merupakan isu lingkungan yang kompleks dan menjadi tantangan bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan di wilayah perkotaan. Pasar sebagai ruang ekonomi rakyat menghasilkan volume sampah tinggi, namun pengelolaannya seringkali belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika kemandirian komunitas pedagang pasar dalam praktik pengelolaan sampah berbasis partisipasi lokal di Kota Palopo, Sulawesi Selatan, dengan fokus pada makna, strategi, faktor pendukung, dan hambatan dalam mewujudkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang mandiri dan berkelanjutan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus eksploratif yang dilaksanakan di Pasar Sentral, Pasar Andi Tadda, dan Pasar PNP. Informan terdiri atas pedagang, petugas kebersihan, pengelola pasar, dan pihak dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, serta dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dengan validitas data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber dan member checking.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian komunitas pedagang pasar terbentuk melalui praktik sosial sederhana namun efektif, berakar pada kesadaran individu, solidaritas sosial, dan koordinasi informal berbasis nilai-nilai budaya lokal. Partisipasi terlihat melalui tanggung jawab kolektif dalam menjaga kebersihan serta iuran swadaya untuk mendukung kegiatan kebersihan. Namun, tantangan masih muncul dalam hal rendahnya motivasi inovasi dan belum optimalnya pengelolaan daur ulang.Simpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa kemandirian komunitas pasar di Kota Palopo merupakan hasil interaksi nilai sosial, budaya, dan kelembagaan lokal yang melahirkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang adaptif, partisipatif, dan berkelanjutan. Diperlukan dukungan kebijakan pemberdayaan komunitas pasar, pelatihan pengelolaan sampah, dan pembentukan bank sampah pasar sebagai strategi penguatan kemandirian lingkungan. ABSTRACT Title: Community Self-Reliance among Market Traders in Sustainable Waste Management: A Qualitative Study of Social, Cultural, and Environmental Health Dynamics in Palopo CityBackground: Waste management in traditional markets remains a complex environmental issue and a challenge for sustainable urban development. As vital centers of community-based economic activity, traditional markets generate a large volume of waste that is often not managed effectively. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of community self-reliance among market traders in waste management practices based on local participation in Palopo City, South Sulawesi. The research focuses on exploring the meaning, strategies, supporting factors, and obstacles in realizing an independent and sustainable waste management system.Method: This study employed a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design, conducted in three traditional markets: Sentral Market, Andi Tadda Market, and PNP Market. Informants included traders, cleaning staff, market managers, and representatives from the Environmental Agency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and member checking.Result: The findings reveal that community self-reliance in market waste management emerges through simple yet effective social practices, rooted in individual awareness, social solidarity, and informal coordination grounded in local cultural values. Participation is reflected in collective responsibility for cleanliness and voluntary financial contributions to support waste collection activities. However, challenges remain in the form of low innovation motivation and limited waste recycling initiatives.Conclusion: In conclusion, the self-reliance of market communities in Palopo City results from the interaction of social, cultural, and institutional values that shape an adaptive, participatory, and sustainable waste management system. Strengthening community empowerment policies, providing training, and establishing market-based waste banks are recommended to enhance environmental independence.
Pengaruh Tingkat Risiko Sanitasi Depot dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Kadar Nitrit dan Nitrat Pada Air Minum Isi Ulang Nuryanto Nuryanto; Teguh Widiyanto; Suparmin Suparmin
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.79826

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada Air Minum Isi Ulang (AMIU) di atas ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan, terutama methemoglobinemia. Pengawasan risiko sanitasi depot  dan praktik penyimpanan perlu mendapatkan perhatian, karena berpotensi memengaruhi  kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada AMIU.  Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat risiko sanitasi depot dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada AMIU.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimen dengan design One-Shot Case Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah air minum pada Depot AMIU yang beroperasi di Kecamatan Baturraden, yaitu berjumlah 31 Depot. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian air minum yang diambil pada Depot AMIU yang terpilih meliputi depot dengan risiko sanitasi rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Pengambilan sampel air minum dilakukan pada outlet di unit depot AMIU. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 3 galon berukuran 19 liter pada setiap kriteria tingkat sanitasi depot. Pemeriksaan kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada sampel air minum dilakukan di Laboratorium Daerah Kabupaten Banyumas. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik two way anova. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi.Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan sampel AMIU menunjukkan bahwa nitrit dan nitrat memenuhi persyaratan Permenkes RI No, 2 tahun 2023 tentang kesehatan lingkungan. Terdapat pengaruh tingkat risiko sanitasi depot dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kadar nitrit dan nitrat AMIU (p-value ≤ 0,05). Tingkat risiko sanitasi dasar dan lama penyimpanan berinteraksi dalam memengaruhi kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada AMIU (p-value ≤ 0,05). Tingkat risiko sanitasi depot yang tinggi dan semakin lama penyimpanan AMIU dapat meningkatkan kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada AMIU.Simpulan: Tingkat risiko sanitasi dan lama penyimpanan tidak hanya berpengaruh secara terpisah, tetapi juga berinteraksi dalam memengaruhi kadar nitrit dan nitrat pada AMIU. ABSTRACTTitle :  The effect of Depot Sanitation Risk Level and Storage Duration on Nitrite and Nitrate Concentrations in Refillable Drinking WaterBackground: Nitrite and nitrate levels in Refillable Drinking Water (RDW) that exceed the permissible limits may increase the risk of adverse health effects, particularly methemoglobinemia. Monitoring sanitation risk levels of drinking water depots and storage practices is importan because these factors maf affect nitrite and nitrate levels in RDW. The study aimed to analyze the effect of depot sanitation risk levels and storage time on nitrite and nitrate levels in RDW.Methods: This type of research is pre-experimental using a One-Shot Case Study design. The population in this study is drinking water at the RDW Depot operating in Baturraden District, totaling 31 Depots. The sample in this study is some of the drinking water taken at the selected RDW Depots, including depots with low, medium and high sanitation risks. Drinking water sampling was carried out at the outlet at the RDW depot unit. Sampling of 3 gallons of 19 liters at each criterion of the depot sanitation level. Nitrite and nitrate levels in the drinking water samples were analyzed at the Banyumas Regency Regional Laboratory. Data analysis used a two-way anova statistical test. The data were presented in tables and narrative descriptions.Results: The results of the RDW sample examination show that nitrites and nitrates meet the requirements of the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 concerning environmental health. Depot sanitation risk levels and storage time significantly affected nitrite and nitrate levels in RDW (p ≤ 0.05).. The level of basic sanitation risk and storage time interacted in influencing nitrite and nitrate levels in the RDW (p-value ≤ 0.05). The high level of depot sanitation risk and the longer the RDW is stored can increase the nitrite and nitrate levels in the RDW.Conclusion: The level of sanitation risk and storage time are not only affected separately, but also interact in influencing nitrite and nitrate levels in RDW. 
Citrunas: Formulasi Desinfektan Spray Ramah Lingkungan dari Limbah Kulit Jeruk dan Nanas untuk Alat Makan dan Alat Masak yang Ekonomis Zairinayati Zairinayati; Novianty Novianty; Sinta Sinta
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.83215

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kontaminasi mikroorganisme pada alat makan dan alat masak berpotensi menyebabkan penyakit bawaan makanan. Penggunaan desinfektan kimia secara terus-menerus juga dapat menimbulkan residu dan dampak lingkungan. Limbah kulit jeruk dan kulit nanas mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai desinfektan alami spray Citrunas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formulasi optimal Citrunas berbasis kombinasi ekstrak kulit jeruk dan kulit nanas dalam mengendalikan jumlah koloni mikroorganisme pada alat makan dan alat masakMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorium yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Palembang pada 15 Desember 2025-30 Januari 2026. Sampel adalah piring, sendok, gelas, panci, wajan, dan sutil dengan tiga kali pengulangan, terdiri atas 18 kontrol dan 108 perlakuan (n=126). Ekstrak kulit jeruk dan kulit nanas diperoleh melalui maserasi menggunakan metanol dan etanol pada konsentrasi 30%, 40%, dan 50%, kemudian diformulasikan menjadi spray Citrunas. Variabel bebas adalah formulasi berdasarkan jenis pelarut dan konsentrasi, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah jumlah koloni mikroorganisme yang diukur dengan Total Plate Count (TPC) melalui teknik swab. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, Kruskal-Wallis, dan Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan jumlah koloni mikroorganisme antarformula Citrunas (p<0,05). Formula F2 (metanol 40%) menunjukkan efektivitas tertinggi dengan mean rank terendah sebesar 22,00.Simpulan: Kombinasi ekstrak kulit jeruk dan kulit nanas dapat diformulasikan menjadi spray Citrunas yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif desinfektan untuk mendukung higiene dan sanitasi alat makan dan alat masak. Formula F2 (metanol 40%) merupakan formula paling efektif berdasarkan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan berbeda signifikan dengan F5 (etanol 40%) pada uji Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). ABSTRACT Title: Citrunas: An Eco-Friendly Disinfectant Spray Formulation Made from Orange and Pineapple Peel Waste for Cost-Effective Tableware and Cookware Background: Contamination of cutlery and cookware by microorganisms has the potential to cause foodborne illnesses. The continuous use of chemical disinfectants can also lead to residues and environmental impacts. Orange peel and pineapple peel waste contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to be utilised as a natural disinfectant in the form of Citrunas spray. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of Citrunas, based on a combination of orange peel and pineapple peel extracts, for controlling the number of microorganism colonies on cutlery and cookware.Methods: This study was a laboratory experiment conducted at the Laboratory of Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan University, Palembang, from 15 December 2025 to 30 January 2026. The samples consisted of plates, spoons, glasses, saucepans, frying pans and spatulas, with three replicates, comprising 18 control samples and 108 treatment samples (n=126). Orange peel and pineapple peel extracts were obtained through maceration using methanol and ethanol at concentrations of 30%, 40% and 50%, and were subsequently formulated into Citrunas spray. The independent variables were the formulations based on solvent type and concentration, whilst the dependent variable was the number of microbial colonies measured by Total Plate Count (TPC) using the swab technique. The data were analysed descriptively and using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: There was a significant difference in the number of microbial colonies between the Citrunas formulations (p<0.05). Formulation F2 (40% methanol) showed the highest efficacy with the lowest mean rank of 22.00.Conclusion: A combination of orange peel and pineapple peel extracts can be formulated into a Citrunas spray that has the potential to serve as an alternative disinfectant to support the hygiene and sanitation of cutlery and cookware. Formula F2 (40% methanol) was the most effective formula based on the Kruskal-Wallis test and differed significantly from F5 (40% ethanol) in the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05).
Analisis Hubungan Antara Pengelolaan Sampah Dengan Risiko Penyakit Menular Di Bantaran Sungai Siak Nurvi Susanti; Zulmeliza Rasyid; Hayana Hayana; Nila Puspita Sari; Nofri Hasrianto
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.85159

Abstract

Latar belakang: Pengelolaan sampah yang buruk di bantaran Sungai Siak memicu peningkatan risiko penyakit menular di kalangan masyarakat. Berdasarkan data puskesmas, keluhan utama warga mencakup diare (37%) dan penyakit kulit (45%). Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan praktik pengelolaan sampah terhadap prevalensi penyakit infeksi di komunitas pemukiman pinggiran Sungai Siak.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik kuantitatif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Metode Sampling Secara proportional sampling dan quota sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara Survei dan wawancara kuesioner kepada 210 kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Meranti Pandak, Kota Pekanbaru. Analisis data menggunakan metode univariat dan bivariat (Chi-Square Test).Hasil: Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengelolaan sampah (p-value 0,0001) (POR=7,315), sanitasi lingkungan (p-value 0,0001) (POR=19,875), PHBS (p-value 0,0001) (POR=6,933) dan ketersediaan fasilitas (p-value 0,0001) (POR= 11,455) dengan risiko penyakit menular.Simpulan: Ada hubungan nyata antara buruknya pengelolaan serta sanitasi lingkungan terhadap tingginya risiko penyakit menular. Pihak kelurahan diharapkan memperluas kampanye penyuluhan kesehatan guna menekan laju penyakit. ABSTRACT Analysis of the Relationship Between Waste Management and Increased Risk of Infectious Diseases along the Siak RiverbanksBackground: Poor waste management along the banks of the Siak River has led to an increased risk of infectious diseases among the local population. Data from the community health center (Puskesmas) indicate that the primary complaints among residents are diarrhea (37%) and skin diseases (45%). This study examines the relationship between waste management practices and the prevalence of infectious diseases in communities settled along the Siak River.Methods: This study employed an observational quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. Proportional and quota sampling methods were used. Data were collected through surveys and questionnaire-based interviews with 210 heads of households in Meranti Pandak Urban Village, Pekanbaru City. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods (Chi-Square Test).Results: The study results indicate a significant association between the risk of infectious diseases and waste management (p-value 0.0001; POR=7.315), environmental sanitation (p-value 0.0001; POR=19.875), Clean and Healthy Living Behavior/PHBS (p-value 0.0001; POR=6.933), and the availability of facilities (p-value 0.0001; POR=11.455).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between poor waste management and environmental sanitation and the high risk of infectious diseases. Local authorities are encouraged to expand health education campaigns to reduce disease incidence.
Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Evaluasi Potensi Bioremediasi Bakteri Toleran Timbal (Pb) dari Perairan Batam Raisa Faiza Shahira; Delita Zul
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.85310

Abstract

Latar belakang: Pencemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) di perairan pesisir menjadi perhatian serius karena bersifat persisten, terakumulasi dalam rantai makanan, dan berisiko menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Kota Batam sebagai kawasan industri pesisir diketahui telah terkontaminasi Pb melebihi ambang baku pada berbagai komponen lingkungan, termasuk air, sedimen, dan biota perairan. Penggunaan bakteri toleran logam berat dapat menjadi alternatif bioremediasi yang murah dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri toleran Pb dari perairan Batam dan mengevaluasi kemampuannya dalam menurunkan konsentrasi Pb.Metode: Sampel air dan sedimen diambil dari Tanjung Uncang, Pelabuhan Sekupang, dan Pulau Sarang. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan medium Marine Agar diperkaya Pb 10 ppm, dilanjutkan dengan uji toleransi pada konsentrasi Pb 50–1000 ppm menggunakan metode turbidimetri (OD600). Lima isolat terbaik dikarakterisasi secara morfologi dan biokimia, serta diuji kemampuannya dalam penyisihan (removal) Pb yang diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Seluruh pengujian dilakukan dalam tiga ulangan independen. Data penyisihan Pb dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05).Hasil: Kondisi fisika-kimia perairan pada seluruh lokasi penelitian menunjukkan kisaran suhu 28–29°C, pH 7,5–7,9, salinitas 29–30‰, dan DO 7,8–8,2 mg/L. Sebanyak 32 isolat bakteri toleran Pb berhasil diisolasi, dengan jumlah isolat dari sedimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan isolat dari air. Enam isolat mampu bertahan hingga konsentrasi Pb 800 ppm, sedangkan tidak ada isolat yang tumbuh pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm. Isolat TJS 3.6.2 dan TJS 2.6.3 menunjukkan kemampuan penyisihan Pb tertinggi dengan efisiensi masing-masing sebesar 86,85% dan 84,56%. Karakterisasi menunjukkan dominasi bakteri Gram negatif berbentuk basil dan coccobacillus, serta satu isolat Gram positif berbentuk kokus.Simpulan: Isolat TJS 3.6.2 dan TJS 2.6.3 menunjukkan potensi tertinggi sebagai agen bioremediasi Pb karena mampu bertahan hingga konsentrasi Pb 800 ppm dengan efisiensi penyisihan masing-masing sebesar 86,85% dan 84,56%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sedimen perairan Batam merupakan sumber potensial bakteri indigenus untuk pengembangan teknologi bioremediasi logam berat di lingkungan pesisir. Kedua isolat tersebut direkomendasikan untuk penelitian lanjutan melalui identifikasi molekuler, optimasi kondisi bioremediasi, dan pengujian pada skala lapangan.ABSTRACTTitle: Isolation, Characterization, and  Assessment of the Bioremediation Potential of Lead (Pb)-Tolerant Bacteria from Batam  Coastal WatersBackground: Lead (Pb) contamination in coastal waters is persistent and accumulative in the food chain, posing serious health hazards (neurological, renal, hematological effects, cancer). Batam City, an industrial coastal area, has reported Pb levels exceeding quality standards in water, sediment, and biota. Heavy-metal-degrading bacteria offer a cost-effective bioremediation approach. This study aimed to isolate Pb-tolerant bacteria from the coastal waters of Batam and evaluate their Pb-removal capability.Method: Water and sediment samples were collected from Tanjung Uncang, Sekupang Port, and Pulau Sarang. Isolation was conducted using Marine Agar supplemented with 10 ppm Pb, followed by tolerance testing at Pb concentrations ranging from 50–1000 ppm using the turbidimetric method (OD600). The five best isolates were further evaluated for their Pb-removal ability using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and characterized for morphological and biochemical properties. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. Pb removal data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05).Result: The physicochemical characteristics of the sampling sites showed temperatures of 28–29°C, pH 7.5–7.9, salinity 29–30‰, and dissolved oxygen 7.8–8.2 mg/L. A total of 32 Pb-tolerant bacterial isolates were successfully obtained, with sediment samples yielding more isolates than water samples. Six isolates survived at Pb concentrations up to 800 ppm, whereas none exhibited growth at 1000 ppm. Isolates TJS 3.6.2 and TJS 2.6.3 demonstrated the highest Pb reduction efficiencies, reaching 86,85% and 84,56%, respectively. Characterization results revealed the predominance of Gram-negative bacilli and coccobacilli, along with one Gram-positive coccus isolate.Conclusion: Isolates TJS 3.6.2 and TJS 2.6.3 exhibited the highest potential as Pb bioremediation agents, as they tolerated Pb concentrations of up to 800 ppm and achieved Pb removal efficiencies of 86.85% and 84.56%, respectively. These findings indicate that sediments from the coastal waters of Batam are a promising source of indigenous bacteria for the development of heavy metal bioremediation technologies in coastal environments. These isolates are recommended for further studies involving molecular identification, optimization of bioremediation conditions, and field-scale applications.
Kualitas Lingkungan Dalam Ruangan dan Prevalensi Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome pada Karyawan Kantor Ber AC di PT X Kabupaten Semarang Adi Kazari Wahono; Budiyono Budiyono; Sulistiyani Sulistiyani; Nur Endah Wahyuningsih; Yusniar Hanani Darundiati
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.86527

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kualitas lingkungan dalam ruangan mencakup kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biologi yang dapat berkaitan dengan keluhan Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan keluhan SBS dan mengeksplorasi hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan pada karyawan kantor ber-AC di PT X Kabupaten Semarang.Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada Januari–Februari 2026 terhadap 116 karyawan dari 21 ruangan menggunakan total sampling pada populasi yang memenuhi kriteria. Keluhan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara; klasifikasi SBS menggunakan ambang ≥3 gejala dan bukan diagnosis klinis. Parameter lingkungan diukur pada tingkat ruangan selama satu jam pukul 10.00–11.00. Analisis mencakup statistik deskriptif, uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik ganda eksploratif. Inferensi statistik belum memperhitungkan pengelompokan karyawan dalam ruangan.Hasil: Sebanyak 42 dari 116 karyawan (36,2%) memenuhi klasifikasi keluhan SBS. Keluhan terbanyak adalah pegal atau kaku otot, yaitu 65 pelaporan, dan sakit kepala, yaitu 62 pelaporan. Pada kategori CO yang digunakan, proporsi SBS adalah 35/84 (41,7%) pada kelompok memenuhi dan 7/32 (21,9%) pada kelompok tidak memenuhi (PR memenuhi dibandingkan tidak memenuhi=1,905; IK 95%: 0,944–3,843). Untuk CO₂, proporsinya masing-masing 5/29 (17,2%) dan 37/87 (42,5%) (PR=0,405; IK 95%: 0,176–0,933). Estimasi ini belum disesuaikan terhadap klaster ruangan.Simpulan: Lebih dari sepertiga karyawan memenuhi klasifikasi keluhan SBS. Perbedaan proporsi menurut kategori CO dan CO₂ merupakan temuan eksploratif yang belum membuktikan hubungan kausal. Penilaian asosiasi memerlukan validasi kategori pajanan dan analisis yang mempertimbangkan pengelompokan ruangan. Pengelolaan lingkungan kerja perlu didasarkan pada pengukuran dan penilaian teknis yang terverifikasi.ABSTRACTTittle: Indoor Environmental Quality and Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome Complaints among Air Conditioned Office Employees at PT X Semarang RegencyBackground: Indoor environmental quality includes physical, chemical, and biological conditions that may be associated with sick building syndrome (SBS) complaints. This study aimed to describe SBS complaints and explore their associations with environmental parameters among air-conditioned office employees at PT X, Semarang Regency.Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in January–February 2026 among 116 employees in 21 rooms, using total sampling of the eligible population. Complaints were collected through interviews; the SBS classification used a threshold of ≥3 symptoms and did not constitute a clinical diagnosis. Environmental parameters were measured at room level for one hour between 10:00 and 11:00. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and exploratory multiple logistic regression. Statistical inference did not account for employees clustered within rooms.Results: Forty-two of 116 employees (36.2%) met the SBS complaint classification. Muscle aches or stiffness (65 reports) and headaches (62 reports) were the most frequently reported complaints. Under the CO categories used, SBS proportions were 35/84 (41.7%) in the compliant group and 7/32 (21.9%) in the noncompliant group (PR for compliant versus noncompliant=1.905; 95% CI: 0.944–3.843). For CO₂, the corresponding proportions were 5/29 (17.2%) and 37/87 (42.5%) (PR=0.405; 95% CI: 0.176–0.933). These estimates were not adjusted for room clustering.Conclusion: More than one-third of employees met the SBS complaint classification. Differences in proportions by CO and CO₂ category are exploratory findings that do not establish causation. Assessment of these associations requires validation of exposure categories and analyses accounting for room clustering. Workplace environmental management should be based on verified measurements and technical assessments.
Blood Lead Levels and Their Association with Growth and Development in Children Living Near Small-Scale Metal Smelting Industries in Tegal, Indonesia Siswati Siswati; Budiyono Budiyono; Mursid Mursid; Siti Fatimah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.85112

Abstract

Latar belakang: Paparan timbal (Pb) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan lingkungan yang berdampak serius terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, terutama pada wilayah dengan aktivitas industri informal. Anak yang terpapar timbal berisiko mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan linear, keterlambatan perkembangan, dan gangguan neurologis. Kabupaten Tegal merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan aktivitas peleburan logam rumah tangga yang berpotensi meningkatkan pencemaran timbal di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kadar timbal darah dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia balita di Desa Pesarean, Kabupaten Tegal.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada April–Juni 2025. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 110 anak usia 24–60 bulan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pemeriksaan kadar timbal darah dilakukan menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Pertumbuhan anak dinilai menggunakan indikator antropometri WHO, sedangkan perkembangan anak diukur menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi linier berganda.Hasil: Rerata kadar Pb darah anak sebesar 22,64 ± 12,34 µg/dL dan seluruh subjek memiliki kadar Pb darah di atas ambang batas aman WHO (<5 µg/dL). Sebagian besar anak memiliki kadar Pb darah kategori menengah hingga tinggi. Terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara kadar Pb darah dengan pertumbuhan anak (r = -0,312; p = 0,015) serta perkembangan anak (r = -0,298; p = 0,021). Analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa kadar Pb darah merupakan prediktor independen terhadap gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak setelah dikontrol oleh variabel confounding.Simpulan: Kadar timbal darah yang tinggi berhubungan signifikan dengan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia balita di kawasan industri peleburan logam informal Kabupaten Tegal. Penguatan program kesehatan lingkungan, pemantauan kadar Pb darah, serta pengendalian pencemaran industri diperlukan untuk mencegah dampak jangka panjang pada anak.ABSTRACTBackground: Lead (Pb) exposure remains a major environmental health problem that seriously affects children’s growth and development, particularly in areas with informal industrial activities. Children exposed to lead are at risk of impaired linear growth, developmental delay, and neurological disorders. Tegal Regency is one of the areas with household-scale metal smelting activities that potentially increase environmental lead contamination. This study aimed to analyze the association between blood lead levels and the growth and developmental status of children under five years old in Pesarean Village, Tegal Regency.Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted from April to June 2025. A total of 110 children aged 24–60 months were selected using purposive sampling. Blood lead levels were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Child growth was assessed using WHO anthropometric indicators, while child development was evaluated using the Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire (KPSP). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean blood lead level among children was 22.64 ± 12.34 µg/dL, and all subjects had blood lead levels above the WHO safety threshold (<5 µg/dL). Most children had moderate to high blood lead levels. Significant negative correlations were found between blood lead levels and child growth (r = -0.312; p = 0.015) as well as child development (r = -0.298; p = 0.021). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood lead level was an independent predictor of impaired growth and developmental outcomes after controlling for confounding variables.Conclusion: Elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with impaired growth and developmental outcomes among children living near informal metal smelting industries in Tegal Regency. Strengthening environmental health programs, monitoring blood lead levels, and controlling industrial pollution are necessary to prevent long-term adverse effects on children.
Intestinal Parasites in Cockroaches and Houseflies and Household Stool Positivity in Labuhan Deli Indonesia Yoan Carolina Panggabean; Lambok Siahaan; Adelina Haryani Sinambela; Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid; Dewi Saputri; Janry Sinaga; M Ary Irawan
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 25, No 3 (2026): Oktober 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.87739

Abstract

Latar belakang: Deteksi parasit pada serangga tidak langsung membuktikan penularan kepada manusia. Penelitian ini menilai kontaminasi parasit pada kecoa dan lalat serta hubungannya dengan positivitas tinja rumah tangga.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 100 rumah tangga di Kecamatan Labuhan Deli, Sumatera Utara, pada 2022. Kriteria meliputi lama tinggal ≥1 tahun dan riwayat gangguan gastrointestinal keluarga dalam setahun terakhir. Tinja diperiksa dengan sediaan langsung dan sedimentasi formalin–eter; endapan pencucian serangga diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Rumah dinyatakan positif jika ≥1 penghuni yang diperiksa positif. Analisis menggunakan rasio prevalensi (PR), interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% logaritmik, dan uji Fisher dua sisi.Hasil: Sebanyak 81 rumah tangga (81%) positif helminth dan 71 (71%) positif protozoa. Serangga teridentifikasi sebagai Periplaneta americana dan Musca domestica. Kecoa memiliki empat taksa helminth dan lima protozoa; lalat masing-masing tiga. Positivitas parasit kecoa berasosiasi dengan positivitas protozoa rumah tangga (PR 1,57; IK 95% 1,18–2,09; p=0,001) dan helminth (PR 1,53; IK 95% 1,22–1,92; p<0,001). Estimasi lalat tidak presisi karena hanya dua rumah memiliki sampel lalat positif parasit.Simpulan: Kontaminasi parasit kecoa berasosiasi dengan positivitas tinja rumah tangga dalam sampel terseleksi ini. Desain potong lintang dan mikroskopi tidak menetapkan viabilitas atau arah penularan. Perbaikan sanitasi dan pengendalian serangga merupakan implikasi kesehatan lingkungan; efektivitasnya tidak diuji.ABSTRACT Background: Parasite detection on insects does not establish transmission to humans. This study examined cockroach and housefly contamination and its association with household stool positivity.Methods: A cross-sectional study included 100 households in Labuhan Deli District, North Sumatra, in 2022. Eligibility required residence ≥1 year and recent family gastrointestinal illness. Stool specimens underwent direct microscopy and formalin–ether sedimentation; insect-wash sediments were examined microscopically. A household was positive if ≥1 examined resident tested positive. Analyses used prevalence ratios (PRs), approximate log-based 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and two-sided Fisher exact tests.Results: Helminths and protozoa were detected in 81 (81%) and 71 (71%) households, respectively. The insects were Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica. Cockroaches yielded four helminth and five protozoan taxa; houseflies yielded three of each. Cockroach parasite positivity was associated with household protozoan positivity (PR 1.57; 95% CI 1.18–2.09; p=0.001) and helminth positivity (PR 1.53; 95% CI 1.22–1.92; p<0.001). Housefly estimates were imprecise because only two households had parasite-positive fly samples.Conclusion: Cockroach contamination was associated with household stool positivity in this selected sample. Cross-sectional microscopy does not establish viability or transmission direction. Sanitation and insect control are environmental-health implications; their effectiveness was not evaluated.

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