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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25982370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education
BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 329 Documents
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Visitation patterns of cultivated Tetragonula biroi colonies on Xanthostemon chrysanthus flowers Nur Apriatun Nafisah; Fathimah Nurfithri Hashifah; Christosie Immanuel Wahyudi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.79139

Abstract

Tetragonula biroi is a cultivated stingless bee widely used in meliponiculture due to its high honey and propolis production. One recommended forage plant is Xanthostemon chrysanthus, yet quantitative data on visitation dynamics and environmental drivers remain limited. This study addressed the following research questions Does visitation frequency of T. biroi vary across time of day? And which environmental factors influence visitation activity? We hypothesized that visitation frequency would peak under optimal morning microclimatic conditions and correlate positively with temperature and light intensity. The study was conducted in June 2025 in Banyumas, Central Java, using 10 managed colonies and flowering X. chrysanthus trees observed over 12 sampling days. Bee visitation was recorded at 10 minute intervals during morning (07.00 – 10.00), midday (11.00 – 13.00), and afternoon (14.00 – 16.00) periods. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Visitation frequency showed a descriptive peak in the morning (6.11 ± 2.25 visits/10 min) but did not differ significantly among periods (F = 0.850; p = 0.437). Visit duration displayed a similar non-significant pattern (F = 0.541; p = 0.587). The number of flowers visited increased from morning to afternoon, indicating compensatory exploratory foraging as nectar availability declined. PCA revealed that temperature and light intensity were positively associated with visitation frequency, whereas humidity was negatively associated. These findings indicate that T. biroi exhibits flexible foraging behavior across a broad range of microclimates. In practice, placing colonies in warm, moderately humid environments may optimize foraging efficiency and support stingless bee productivity.
Antagonistic test of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. causing anthracnose disease in-vitro Noviana Budianti Kartikasari; Hanik Faizah; Eko Teguh Pribadi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75429

Abstract

Anthracnose is a type of plant diseases caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. Anthracnose disease can infect all plant organs, such as leaves, branches, twigs, and fruits. The initial symptoms of anthracnose disease are dry and dark brown spots. The process of anthracnose disease spread is so fast that it can reduce agricultural productivity. One alternative to environmentally friendly plant control is the use of biological control agent. Penicillium sp. is one of the fungi used as a biological control agent. This study aims to determine the antagonistic ability of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. causing anthracnose disease in-vitro. This research is classified as experimental research using the dual culture method. This research consists of two treatments and two replications. The control treatment was conducted using only the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. This research was conducted for 7 days at a temperature of 25℃ using PDA medium. The observation process was carried out by measuring the diameter of the control and treatment pathogens for 7 days. Data analysis in this study was conducted using descriptive statistics to determine the mean and standard deviation of a treatment. The results show that Penicillium sp. can inhibit the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. with the highest inhibition percentage on the 7th day after inoculation of 49.14 ± SD 2.39%, which falls within the medium criteria. The inhibition mechanism of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. occurs through competition and antibiosis.  
Antifungal activity of hair tonic extract from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) against the growth of Malassezia furfur Ajeng Pramesti Cahyani; Retni S Budiarti; Raissa Mataniari; Pinta Murni; Dara Mutiara Aswan; Harlis Harlis
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75593

Abstract

Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is one of several types of fungi that can cause the scalp to experience flaking, known as dandruff. Dandruff can be eliminated using anti-dandruff agents available on the market. In addition, there are natural ingredients that can act as antifungal agents against the fungus that causes dandruff. The straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one such fungus that contains secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which function as antifungal agents. This study was quantitative research using an experimental method and a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replicates in the form of positive control, negative control, and straw mushroom extract hair tonic with concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%.  The parameters observed were the diameter of the inhibition zone, which indicated antifungal activity, and the evaluation of the hair tonic preparations (pH test, organoleptic test, skin irritation test, and viscosity test). The results of the study showed that the mushroom extract hair tonic had antifungal activity in inhibiting the growth of M. furfur. Based on the DNMRT test analysis, P0 (positive control) was significantly different from P1 (negative control) and the other treatments (P2, P3, P4, P5). This study concluded that there is activity in the hair tonic extract of straw mushrooms in inhibiting the growth of M. furfur, with the best concentration being 30%. 
Chlorella vulgaris as a potential bioremediation agent of aquaculture waste from Marine Science Techno Park, Diponegoro University Deska Ferriza Ramadhani; Adriano Gunawan; Nayyara Rahadini; Sarah Mukhlishah; Endah Dwi Hastuti; Nintya Setiari
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.72553

Abstract

Right dose of NPK hydrogel concentration improves the growth of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.) Imas Dewi Rani; Ahmad Mulyadi; Mia Nurkanti
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75509

Abstract

The productivity of horticultural crops is highly dependent on the availability of balanced nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). However, conventional fertilization is often inefficient due to nutrient leaching. One innovation to improve fertilization efficiency is the use of hydrogel as a slow-release nutrient medium. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of sodium alginate-based NPK (16:16:16) hydrogel fertilizer on the growth parameters of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.). The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Biology Education Program at the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Pasundan University, over 21 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments: negative control, hydrogel NPK concentrations of 3.4%, 4.4%, 5.4%, 6.4%, 7.4%, and positive control (fertilizer without hydrogel). The observed parameters included the number of leaves, plant height, and stem diameter. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, one-way ANOVA, and DMRT post-hoc tests with the assistance of SPSS version 29. The results showed that the treatment with a 5.4% concentration yielded the best results significantly for all three parameters: number of leaves (5.25 leaves), plant height (11.525 cm), and stem diameter (0.1748 cm). In conclusion, the 5.4% NPK hydrogel formulation is the most effective in promoting optimal and efficient growth of spinach plants.
Assessing glioblastoma cell population stability through bootstrap resampling of scRNA-seq data Andi Rosilala; Rohmatul Fajriyah; Linda Erlina; Nabilah Dwi Septiani
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.83365

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits extreme cellular heterogeneity, comprising diverse tumor cell states and non-malignant microenvironment populations. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables resolution of this complexity, yet a critical unmet challenge persists: cluster reproducibility in GBM scRNA-seq studies is rarely validated, and standard clustering algorithms may generate artifactual partitions indistinguishable from biologically meaningful populations. To address this gap, we propose a cluster-wise bootstrap stability framework integrated with explicit tumor–microenvironment separation, an approach not previously applied systematically to GBM scRNA-seq data. We analyzed a public dataset (GSE131928; 10 tumors, 15,072 cells after quality control) and identified 14 clusters annotated via marker gene validation. Bootstrap resampling (100 iterations) with Jaccard coefficient quantification revealed that non-malignant populations (microglia/macrophage, oligodendrocytes) exhibited the highest stability (Jaccard >0.97). Among tumor states, MES-AC transitional and MES-like clusters were most stable (Jaccard 0.99 and 0.82), whereas NPC-like, AC-like, and rare populations showed low stability (Jaccard <0.5). Stability correlated positively with marker gene specificity, within-cluster homogeneity, and silhouette scores. These results demonstrate that cluster-wise bootstrap assessment provides a practical, quantitative criterion for distinguishing robust from unreliable cell populations, supporting more confident biological interpretation and therapeutic target prioritization in GBM.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Red Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Peel Ethanolic Extract Caroline Caroline; Adolf Parhusip; Nuri Arum Anugrahati; Yusuf Cendrawan
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.79625

Abstract

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a common native plant in Southeast Asia. The peel of Melinjo fruit has not been fully utilized. The phenolic, flavonoid compounds and vitamin C of the melinjo peel can potentially be antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, with the red peel of ripe melinjo having the highest content than that of unripe yellow and green peel. The red melinjo peel was extracted using ethanol through maceration. Antimicrobial activity was tested by well diffusion using various microorganisms and extract concentrations (0–16%), while antioxidant activity was assessed over different storage periods (0–12 days). The purpose of this research was to assess whether red melinjo peel extract could function as an antimicrobial and antioxidant source. The ethanol-based extract at 12% successfully suppressed B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, but failed to inhibit R. oligosporus. Its antioxidant capacity was confirmed, with an IC₅₀ of 702.99 mg/L on day zero, followed by a decrease as storage duration progressed.
Relationship between bird species diversity and tree composition in Coban Talun waterfall area, Batu, East Java Muhammad Muizzul Ma&#039;ruf; Ariqson Rizqi Mohammad; Nuris Shabrina; Intan Fatimah Az-zahrah; Aini Lutfi Nur Aida
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.76726

Abstract

Birds and trees are interrelated and can therefore be used as bioindicators of environmental quality. Trees provide food and shelter for various bird species, while birds assist in tree pollination. The relationship between bird species diversity and tree composition in the Coban Talun tourist area has not been specifically studied, therefore this study aims to assess the environmental quality in the Coban Talun tourist area through an analysis of the relationship between bird species diversity and tree composition. The method used to observe tree composition was inventory, while the point count and line transect methods were used to observe birds. The data analysis used was Spearman's rank correlation test to analyze the relationship and influence between plant diversity and the number of bird species and individuals. Based on the analysis results, it was found that station 1 (pine forest) was dominated by the Yellow-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster), which took advantage of the presence of fruit trees, while station 2 (fields) was dominated by the Linchi Swiftlet (Collocalia linchi), which adapted to open areas. Bird diversity increased in areas with higher tree diversity, indicating a positive relationship between vegetation composition and bird abundance. This correlation confirms that tree structure and diversity play an important role in providing habitat, food, and activity space for birds, so that the relationship between these two components can be used as an indicator of environmental quality.
Molecular insights into volatile compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) as potential multi-target therapeutic candidates for insulin resistance Muhammad Fajrul Adi Syahputra; Moh. Royhan Afnani; Volta Kellik Setiawan; Sin War Naw; Abhishek Singh; Vikash Jakhmola; Maksim Rebezov; Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.83441

Abstract

Volatile compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) represent a relatively unexplored source of potential multi-target agents for insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate volatile compounds from various cocoa tissues as potential multi-target interventions in insulin resistance using an integrative in silico pharmacology approach. The study involved screening compounds based on drug-likeness, predicted bioactivity, toxicity, and membrane permeability, followed by network pharmacology, gene ontology and functional annotation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, three key target proteins related to glucose regulation, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling were used. From an initial set of 87 volatile compounds in cocoa leaves, pods, and seeds, 48 unique structures were curated for in silico evaluation. Stepwise screening identified 12 compounds meeting drug-likeness criteria, and four compounds were ultimately selected as the most promising candidates for further structural analysis: methyl decanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl 10-methylundecanoate, and lauric acid. Molecular docking analysis revealed target-dependent ligand-protein interactions, with methyl 10-methylundecanoate showing the most favorable predicted affinity for PTP1B and PPARA, with binding energies of -5.72 and -4.68 kcal/mol, respectively, while lauric acid showed the strongest affinity for HSD11B1, with a binding energy of -4.70 kcal/mol. Further molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the predicted protein-ligand complexes maintained structural stability. Overall, these findings suggest that cocoa-derived volatile compounds may serve as promising lead candidates for multi-target interventions in insulin resistance. However, further in vitro, in vivo, and target-specific validation studies are needed to confirm the biological relevance of these computational findings.

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