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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
 73   74   75   76   77 
Synthesis of Oleic Acid Derivatives as Pour Point Depressant (PPD) Nila Tanyela Berghuis; Zayed Abdulmalik Marwan; Agus Astra Pramana; Jati Arie Wibowo
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 1 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.1.23-30

Abstract

Crude oil is widely used worldwide as an energy source in various fields. Over the years, crude oil production has decreased due to one major problem that continues to occur, namely wax deposition. Wax deposits tend to occur due to the composition of the crude oil itself. Crude oil mostly consists of large amounts of hydrocarbon compounds, such as paraffins. Therefore, an additive, such as a pour point depressant (PPD), is needed to inhibit or prevent wax formation. This study compares the performance of various PPDs synthesized using oleic acid as a base material. The esterification of oleic acid with alcohols yielded PPD-Ester Butanol (96.72%) and PPD-Ester Decanol (72.21%). Further esterification with oleic acid resulted in PPD-Ester Butanol + Oleic Acid (47.30%) and PPD-Ester Decanol + Oleic Acid (22.56%). These derivatives can undergo additional reactions, such as epoxidation, diol formation, and esterification, to produce a PPD. Pour point measurements on crude oil samples were conducted following ASTM D-5853. The blank sample had a pour point of 39°C. PPD-Ester Decanol reduced the pour point by 3°C, while all PPD-Esters further esterified with oleic acid lowered it by 9°C. Chemical characterization via FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of C=C, C=O, and aliphatic C-H functional groups. GC-MS analysis of PPD-Ester Decanol + Oleic Acid (decyl 9-monooleate, 10-hydroxy oleate) identified three major compounds: 1-decanol, oleic acid, and decyl oleate. Physical characterization revealed that the synthesized PPDs had densities ranging from 850 to 1,066 kg/m3.
Green Synthesis of 4-Nitro-4’-Methoxy Chalcone by Grinding Technique and its Antibacterial Activity Elfi Susanti V. H.; Sri Mulyani; Sri Retno Dwi Ariani; Suryadi Budi Utomo; Muhammad Hizbul Wathon; Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.597-602

Abstract

This research aims to synthesize 4-nitro-4’-methoxy chalcone and determine the potential of 4-nitro-4’-methoxy chalcone as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The synthesis of 4-nitro-4’-methoxy chalcone was carried out using the grinding technique, an environmentally friendly green synthesis approach—characterization of the synthesized chalcone using FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The research demonstrated that 4-nitro-4’-methoxy chalcone could be synthesized via grinding techniques using 4-methoxyacetophenone, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and NaOH as catalysts. The synthetic process achieved higher yields and was environmentally friendly due to the absence of organic solvents. The resulting product was yellow crystalline with a yield of 54.42% and a melting point of 172°C–173°C. Antibacterial activity tests revealed that the synthesized chalcone exhibited greater inhibition against E. coli than S. aureus. This was evidenced by the clear zones formed (9.57 mm for S. aureus and 12.46 mm for E. coli), indicating that 4-nitro-4’-methoxy chalcone possesses strong antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Dibenzal Monocarbonyl (Curcumin Analog) and Its Potential as Anti-Inflammatory Minandre Wiratama; Cornelia Budimarwanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.68-72

Abstract

Curcumin is a naturally occurring substance with a wide range of biological activity. One of the biological activities of curcumin is as an anti-inflammatory. The science of organic synthesis is able to produce substances that are analogous to those found in nature. The synthesis of organic compounds can also be used to change a compound by making it more bioactive. This research focused on synthesizing dibenzal monocarbonyl, a compound similar to curcumin, and examined its interaction with the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through molecular docking simulations. Dibenzal monocarbonyl was synthesized via an aldol condensation reaction utilizing sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The synthesized compound was characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR, achieving a yield of 98.676%. Molecular docking was performed utilizing AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina, and each docked compound was visualized through Discovery Studio Visualizer. This compound demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2, as indicated by molecular docking studies, with a binding affinity of -8.4 kcal/mol.
Optimization of Zn/Al-Oxalate Hydrotalcite as an Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent for Dye Waste Processing Dian Windy Dwiasi; Ely Setiawan; Aisyah Nur Izah; Arikunto Tegar Rizqian
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.603-610

Abstract

Methylene blue is a synthetic dye commonly used in the textile industry. Methylene blue waste that is discharged into water bodies without treatment causes environmental pollution. One method of waste treatment is adsorption. Hydrotalcite is an anionic clay consisting of stacked positively charged layers, usually divalent (+2) and trivalent (+3) metal cations, and has anions between the layers. This study aims to determine the synthesis method of Zn/Al-Oxalate hydrotalcite, and its characterization results are compared with Zn/Al-NO3 hydrotalcite to determine the optimum conditions of Zn/Al-Oxalate hydrotalcite in adsorbing methylene blue dye and to determine the kinetic and isotherm models of adsorption. Zn/Al-Oxalate hydrotalcite was successfully synthesized by the coprecipitation method and continued with the hydrothermal process at a temperature of 120°C for 20 hours. Hydrotalcite Zn/Al-Oxalate was characterized using FTIR and XRD. The optimum condition of hydrotalcite Zn/Al-Oxalate in adsorbing methylene blue dye was carried out by the batch method at optimum pH 7, contact time 60 minutes, adsorbent weight 80 mg, and methylene blue concentration 20 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics of hydrotalcite Zn/Al-Oxalate in adsorbing methylene blue followed the pseudo-second-order model. with a value of R2 = 0.9996 and k = 0.2047 mg/g.min and the adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model R2 = 0.9904, qm = 19.8413 mg/g and kL = 2.913 L/mg.
Performance Study of NiO-TiO₂-CuO Nanocomposite Supported by Reduced Graphene Oxide as an Anode Candidate for Lithium-Ion Battery Development Muh Edihar; Kaharuddin Kaharuddin; Muhammad Nurdin; Maulidiyah Maulidiyah; Thamrin Azis; Mawaddah Zaqinah Diah
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.73-81

Abstract

In an effort to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this study developed a NiO-TiO2-CuO nanocomposite supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an anode material. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX techniques to understand its structure and material properties. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of C=C bonds (1612-1512 cm-1) and C–O bonds (1147-1099 cm-1) from rGO, as well as Ni-O (408 cm-1), Cu-O (669 cm-1), and Ti-O (549 cm-1). The XRD patterns revealed the crystalline phases of NiO at 2θ = 37° (111), 43° (200), and 62.8° (200); TiO2 at 2θ = 25.3° (101), 48° (101), and 55° (211); and Cu-O at 2θ = 35.6° (111) and 39.8° (022). SEM-EDX images showed small aggregated particles forming a relatively uneven surface with spherical morphology, with an average particle size of 33.25 nm. Electrochemical testing using cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that the material exhibited a stable specific capacity (Csp) of 6.3 mAh/g after five cycles at a scan rate of 1 V/s. Additionally, the specific capacity significantly increased to 44.15 mAh/g at a scan rate of 0.05 V/s, indicating excellent electrochemical performance. These results suggest that the NiO-TiO2-CuO/rGO nanocomposite has potential as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion battery applications, offering good cycle stability and enhanced energy storage capacity.
An Investigation into the Anti-Aggregation Potential of Swietenia macrophylla Triterpenoid on Bovine Serum Albumin: Docking and RMSF Bayu Fajriansyah Al-Khairi; Mukhammad Asy'ari; Agustina L. N. Aminin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.560-568

Abstract

Protein aggregation, caused by environmental factors, can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Hydrophobic compounds like latrepirdine are used in medical treatments like anti-Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. Swietenia macrophylla contains abundant hydrophobic compounds from the triterpenoid group, but their anti-aggregation potential has not been reported. This study investigates the hydrophobic interactions and anti-aggregation potential of triterpenoid compounds, including swietenine, swietenolide, khayasin T, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol, against bovine serum albumin (BSA). Latrepirdine is employed as the control compound. In silico methods, molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed potential in clusters 1 and 2, with swietenine having a more stable RMSF value than latrepirdine. The study found four clusters with all ligands, with cluster 1 being the earliest protein opening area. Mahogany seed triterpenoid compounds have potential in cluster 1 (51-67%), while cluster 2 has 37-46%. In cluster 2, they have an advantage over latrepirdine (2%). Stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are spread across the clusters. The swietenine compound has a more stable RMSF value than latrepirdine. This suggests that mahogany seed triterpenoid compounds have potential as anti-aggregation agents.
Effect of Calcination Temperature and Heating Rate on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Synthesis Toward Antibacterial Properties Soni Setiadji; Vianti Aprilia
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.82-87

Abstract

The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibacterial agents poses a significant challenge to global health, driving the need for alternative antibacterial materials with minimal resistance potential. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has gained attention for its antibacterial properties, attributed to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), release Zn2+ ions, and disrupt bacterial cell membranes. In this study, ZnO was synthesized via thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dihydrate, with different calcination temperatures and heating rates. The structural and morphological characteristics of ZnO were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing that higher calcination temperatures increased crystallinity while heating rates influenced particle morphology. Antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that ZnO exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The results also indicated that higher calcination temperatures reduced antibacterial efficacy, whereas higher heating rates enhanced bacterial inhibition. Notably, ZnO synthesized at 500°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min demonstrated the highest antibacterial performance, which correlated with its lower crystallinity and rod-like morphology. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling synthesis parameters to optimize ZnO properties for biomedical applications.
Thermodynamic Study of Chitosan as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Chloride Solutions (NaCl and HCl) at Various Temperatures and Concentrations Khafid Ubay Ilyas; Eni Budiyati; Nur Hidayati; Tri Widayatno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.569-579

Abstract

This research investigates the thermodynamic characteristics of chitosan as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in chloride electrolyte environments, specifically saturated sodium chloride and 1 M hydrochloric acid, across different temperatures and concentrations. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan in preventing corrosion and to examine the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process. The results revealed that chitosan achieved the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.07% in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 250 mg/L at 303.15 K. In contrast, the maximum inhibition efficiency in a saturated sodium chloride solution was 50.50% at the same concentration of 250 mg/L and 303.15 K. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of chitosan is spontaneous and exothermic in both media. The standard free energy of adsorption was found to be -38.63 kJ/mol at 303.15 K, decreasing to -43.69 kJ/mol at 343.15 K in saturated NaCl, and -42.40 kJ/mol at 303.15 K, decreasing to -48.65 kJ/mol at 343.15 K in 1 M HCl. The enthalpy of adsorption was -0.24976 kJ/mol in NaCl and 4.93560 kJ/mol in HCl, while the entropy of adsorption was -0.12661 J/mol·K in NaCl and -0.15610 J/mol·K in HCl. Additionally, the activation energy for corrosion increased from 1.61 kJ/mol at 0 mg/L to 6.96 kJ/mol at 250 mg/L chitosan in NaCl and from 4.10 kJ/mol at 0 mg/L to 23.79 kJ/mol at 250 mg/L chitosan in HCl. SEM analysis confirms the formation of a protective chitosan film, significantly reducing corrosion damage compared to uninhibited conditions. These findings indicate that chitosan is a highly effective corrosion inhibitor with favorable thermodynamic characteristics for applications in chloride-containing environments.
Candlenut Shell and Clay-Derived Monoliths with Molasses Binder: A Sustainable Approach to Water Dye Decontamination Farid Nanda; Darmadi Darmadi; Muhammad Zaki; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Aula Chairunnisak
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.88-97

Abstract

This study presents a sustainable approach to water dye decontamination using monoliths constructed from candlenut shells, clay, and molasses as a binder. The candlenut shells were activated to form carbon and then mixed with natural clay and molasses to create the monolith composite. The dough was pushed through a stainless-steel mold featuring seven circular openings, each measuring 2 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness, to create the monoliths (MCC and MMCC). The monoliths were rigorously tested for adsorption efficiency, isotherm behavior, and kinetic properties. Results showed a high dye removal efficiency, with 92% for methylene blue and 74% for methyl orange, which was attributed to the stronger interaction of methylene blue with the negatively charged surface of the monoliths. The isotherm analysis followed the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption on uniform active sites. Kinetic studies using linear regression analysis aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the controlling factor in the rate. Characterization of the monoliths using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous surface morphology, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) identified the crystalline structures present. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups essential for dye adsorption, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis determined the specific surface area and pore size distribution. In conclusion, this study underscores the viability of using candlenut shell and clay-derived monoliths as efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents for wastewater treatment, providing a practical solution to dye pollution.
Cigarette Filter-Based Membranes with Tannin and FeCl₃ Additives for Enhancing the Antifouling Properties of Oil Emulsion Filtration Anisa Luthfiana; Sri Mulyati; Nasrul Arahman; Aulia Cintia Ambarita; Muhammad Prayogie Aulia
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.580-589

Abstract

Industries in Indonesia significantly contribute to the economy by increasing foreign exchange earnings and creating job opportunities. However, industrial activities also negatively impact the environment, particularly water pollution caused by liquid waste containing oil emulsions. This research aims to develop a membrane based on cigarette filters as an alternative to cellulose acetate for separating oil emulsions in water. Cigarette filters were processed into membranes with tannic acid (TA) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) as additives using a vacuum-filtration coating technique. The resulting membranes were tested for their characteristics and performance, including morphological analysis, functional group analysis, hydrophilicity, water uptake, porosity, pure water flux, selectivity toward oil emulsions (artificial emulsions from CPO and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) and antifouling properties. The results showed that membranes with additives exhibited more uniform pores, asymmetric structures, and improved surface characteristics. The addition of tannic acid 2.4 mmol and FeCl3 3.7 mmol also enhanced the antifouling properties of the membranes, although it decreased the pure water flux. Membranes without additives (M1) and with additives (M2) were compared for pure water flux, separation efficiency, and antifouling properties. M2 exhibited a lower flux (15.03 L/m2·h) than M1 (19.69 L/m2·h) due to reduced porosity. Although the oil emulsion selectivity of M2 (97.80%) showed no significant improvement compared to M1 (97.79%), the addition of additives notably enhanced the antifouling performance. M2 demonstrated a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 71.22%, significantly higher than M1’s FRR of 46.01%, indicating the effectiveness of the additives in reducing fouling and improving membrane reusability. The membranes achieved high selectivity for oil emulsions with a separation efficiency of up to 97%. These findings suggest that using cigarette filters as the base material for membranes and adding additives can provide an efficient and environmentally friendly solution to reducing oil emulsion pollution.

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