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JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14108917     EISSN : 25979914     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
urnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (p-ISSN: 1410-8917) and e-ISSN: 2597-9914) is published by Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University. This journal is published four times per year and publishes research, review and short communication in field of Chemistry.
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Articles 796 Documents
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Validation of the Use of Anthocyanin as Indicators for Acid-Base Titration Lilis Tuslinah; Laras Rizkia Widyastuti; Mochamad Fathurohman
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.53-61

Abstract

Rambutan peel (Nephelium lappaceum L.) contains secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Anthocyanins exhibit color changes in response to variations in pH, making them potential candidates for use as acid-base indicators. This study aims to validate using methanol fraction powder derived from rambutan peel as an acid-base titration indicator by evaluating method validation parameters such as precision, accuracy, and linearity. The fractionation process was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, water, and methanol as solvents, followed by freeze-drying of the methanol fraction. The methanol fraction powder was analyzed and compared with the conventional phenolphthalein indicator to determine the color transition at the titration endpoint. The results indicated that the methanol fraction exhibited a color change to brown within a pH range of 8–11. Statistical analysis using an independent sample t-test showed no significant difference between the methanol fraction powder and phenolphthalein (significance value > 0.05). Therefore, based on the method validation results, including precision, accuracy, and linearity, the methanol fraction powder of rambutan peel demonstrates potential as a reliable acid-base indicator.
Synthesis of CuO/Zn₂SnO₄ Nanocomposites via Hydrothermal Method and Their Photocatalytic Performance for Ciprofloxacin Degradation Rika Agustin; Vivi Sisca; Asdim Asdim; Eka Angasa
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.98-105

Abstract

CuO/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 180°C for 5 hours. The CuO/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites were developed to evaluate their potential as photocatalysts for the degradation of ciprofloxacin, a pharmaceutical pollutant commonly found in water sources. The materials were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis DRS analyses. XRD results confirmed that the CuO/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites, prepared with various CuO concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80% w/w), exhibited good crystallinity and high purity. SEM analysis revealed that the morphology of the composites consisted of square-shaped nanosheets resembling CuO and irregular, round particles with non-uniform sizes resembling Zn2SnO4. TEM analysis further confirmed that the CuO/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposite with 40% CuO exhibited irregular square and round nanosheets with an average size of 69.53 nm. UV-Vis DRS analysis showed that the band gap of pure Zn2SnO4 (3.22 eV) decreased after the incorporation of CuO, with values of 1.67 eV (20%), 1.46 eV (40%), 1.50 eV (60%), and 1.50 eV (80%). The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated based on the degradation of ciprofloxacin under sunlight irradiation. The degradation percentages of pure Zn2SnO4, pure CuO, and CuO/Zn2SnO4 with 20% CuO were 78.3%, 8.9%, and 47.1%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the CuO/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposite has fewer active surface sites than pure Zn2SnO4, which significantly influences its photocatalytic performance.
Biodegradation of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic by White Rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta D7 Ananda Novita Hi Pattu; Charlena Charlena; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto; Irma Herawati Suparto; Maulida Oktaviani
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 12 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 12 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.12.590-596

Abstract

This study highlights the potential of fungal microorganisms, particularly Trametes hirsuta D7, in addressing antibiotic contaminants, such as ciprofloxacin, in the environment. The degradation process was conducted at room temperature over 7 days, and the results demonstrated that laccase was predominant in the degradation capacity; this was evidenced by the laccase enzyme activity levels obtained, namely 93 U/L, 120 U/L, and 130 U/L, compared to manganese peroxide activity of 7 U/L, 16 U/L, and 13 U/L at concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 mg/L, respectively. Notably, the laccase enzyme of T. hirsuta D7 exhibited significant degradation of ciprofloxacin, with high degradation rates of 64% at 100 mg/L, 48% at 300 mg/L, and 26% at 300 mg/L. This indicates that laccase from T. hirsuta D7 effectively degraded ciprofloxacin at various concentrations. Furthermore, this study revealed that ciprofloxacin did not significantly affect the growth of T. hirsuta D7. This suggests that microorganisms can survive and function effectively in the presence of antibiotic contamination without being impaired by these compounds. In conclusion, this study presents a potential solution for environmental antibiotic contamination by utilizing fungal microorganisms, particularly T. hirsuta D7, and their laccase enzymes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for developing more environmentally sustainable and efficient degradation methods for antibiotic contamination in the ecosystem.
Optical Properties Characterization of TiO₂-Metakaolin Composites Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method Berlian Sitorus; Felicia Silaban; Anthoni B. Aritonang
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.62-67

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor known for its excellent optical properties and is widely used in various applications. In this study, TiO2-Metakaolin composites were synthesized to investigate the optical properties of TiO2-Metakaolin in comparison to pure TiO2. The synthesis was conducted using the sol-gel method, with metakaolin concentrations varied at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (w/v), based on the volume of the Ti(OH)n sol. XRF analysis revealed that the composite primarily consists of SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3. XRD results confirmed that the synthesized TiO2 is in the anatase phase, while kaolin transformed from crystalline to amorphous metakaolin. FTIR analysis identified absorption peaks at wave numbers 3410–3448 cm-1 (OH), 2364–2357 cm-1 (OH), 1624–1633 cm-1 (Ti-OH), 1070–1072 cm-1 (Si-O-Si), 800–823 cm-1 (Ti-O), 547–555 cm-1 (Si-O or Al-O), and 464–480 cm-1 (Ti-O-Ti), indicating interactions between TiO2 and metakaolin. DRS-UV characterization showed that the band gap energies of the TiO2-metakaolin composites with metakaolin concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (w/v) were 3.06 eV, 3.05 eV, and 3.11 eV, respectively. These values are lower than the band gap energy of pure TiO2 (3.18 eV), demonstrating that metakaolin effectively reduces the band gap energy of TiO2.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots Based on Terung Dayak (Solanum Ferox) Fruit Juice as Antioxidant and Metal Ion Sensor Ariefin, Mokhamat; Pasaribu, Marvin Horale; Manurung, Tety Wahyuningsih; Hakim, Muh. Supwatul; Iftitah, Elvina Dhiaul; Suma, Joy Angel Aria; Cahyani, Risfiah Ruli
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 4 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 4 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.4.176-182

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials with diverse applications due to their biocompatibility, optical properties, and chemical stability. This study aims to synthesize CDs from Terung Dayak (Solanum ferox) using a microwave-assisted method and evaluate their optical properties, metal ion sensing capability, and antioxidant activity. The CDs were synthesized with variations in microwave power and citric acid concentration, specifically: CD-a using 1 g citric acid at 600 W, CD-b using 2 g citric acid at 600 W, CD-c using 3 g citric acid at 600 W, and CD-d using 2 g citric acid at 800 W, and then characterized using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed strong UV absorption with maximum peaks at 250 nm for all CDs synthesized and 275 nm for CD-d, depending on synthesis conditions. The CDs exhibited fluorescence intensity influenced by microwave power, with the highest intensity observed for CDs synthesized at 800 W and 2 g of citric acid. The optical bandgap from UV-Vis spectra, determined via Tauc plot analysis, ranged from 4.03 eV to 4.71 eV, indicating quantum confinement effects for all CDs. Furthermore, CD-d demonstrated selective fluorescence quenching for Fe3+ ions, which quenched the fluorescence of the CD. Antioxidant activity was confirmed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, with an IC50 value of 126 ppm for CD-d. These findings highlight the potential of Terung Dayak-derived CDs as multifunctional materials for sensing and antioxidant applications.
The Potency of Noni Leaves Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) as a Bioreductor in the Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Its Effectiveness as an Antibacterial against Streptococcus pyogenes Putri, Retno Wahdany Huda; Sutoyo, Suyatno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 3 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 3 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.3.138-145

Abstract

The noni (Morinda citrifolia L) is one of Indonesia’s traditional medicinal plants, which people have widely used to treat dysentery, hypertension, diabetes, and heart attacks and prevent cancer. The noni contains phenolic compounds, namely flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and tannins, which have the potential to act as bioreductors. The research aims to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using noni leaves extract as a bioreductor and assay their antibacterial activity. CuNPs were synthesized by mixing noni leaf extract and copper sulfate in a 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratio. It was characterized using UV-Vis, PSA, FTIR, and XRD. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method on Streptococcus pyogenes. The results showed that the optimum synthesis of CuNPs was at a ratio of 1:3 and pH 10. CuNPs had a maximum UV-Vis absorption wavelength at 305 nm, an average particle size of 5.46 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.2048, and the Cu-O peak was observed at 560 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum. XRD measurements revealed peaks at 2θ angles of 43.38°, 50.50°, and 74.43°. CuNPs showed good potential as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus pyogenes with an average inhibition zone diameter of 17.3 mm. Thus, copper nanoparticles synthesized using noni leaf extract bioreductor had the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent for Streptococcus pyogenes.
Enhanced Anode Performance in Yeast Microbial Fuel Cells via Optimized Calcination of Eggshell Using Response Surface Method Christwardana, Marcelinus; Kuntolaksono, Satrio; Joelianingsih, J.; Maulana, Achmad Yanuar
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 4 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 4 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.4.183-194

Abstract

This study aims to explore the potential of calcined eggshells as an economical and effective anode material in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This research examines the enhancement of calcined eggshells as an anode material in MFCs by operating condition optimization using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental findings underscore the substantial influence of temperature and the eggshell/NaOH ratio on voltage and maximum power density (MPD). Raising the calcination temperature from 550°C to 700°C improves both voltage and MPD, with peak performance seen at 700°C. Nonetheless, performance stabilizes above 850°C. The eggshell/NaOH ratio is significant, with enhancements seen at an optimum ratio of 4. ANOVA analysis indicates that the model accounts for 79.89% of the variability in voltage and 82.74% in MPD, while the modified R-squared values imply possible overfitting. Optimal calcination parameters (704.55°C and a ratio of 2.52) improve the microstructural characteristics of calcined eggshells and crystallinity, which are essential for electron transport and bacterial adhesion. SEM study indicates a morphological transition to a rough, porous structure, whilst XRD and FTIR investigations validate the conversion from calcium carbonate to calcium hydroxide, enhancing electrochemical characteristics. This study highlights the promise of optimized calcined eggshells as economical and effective materials for microbial fuel cells, advancing sustainable energy and materials science.
Validation Method of the Cellulose Triacetate-Based Optode Membrane for Fe(III) Detection in Water Samples Arif, Zulhan; Sugiarti, Sri; Rohaeti, Eti; Batubara, Irmanida
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 3 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 3 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.3.146-154

Abstract

Iron contamination in water is a threat to human health and the environment. This contamination requires a fast and efficient detection method. Method validation is integral to method development, ensuring alignment with the intended objectives. This research aims to validate a method for selective detection of Fe(III) based on cellulose triacetate (CTA) optode membrane. The optode membrane was prepared by mixing CTA, plasticizers, Aliquat-336, and thiocyanate as selective reagents. The validation of the optode membrane was evaluated based on validation performance parameters. The Fe(III) optode membrane detection demonstrated a linear response with a determination coefficient of 0.9972 within a concentration range of 0.1–4.0 mg/L, the detection limit of 0.0553 mg/L, quantitation limit of 0.1676 mg/L, precision 3.01%, intermediate precision of 3.03% and 3.01%, the accuracy of 101.62%. The optode membrane exhibited good selectivity with a value of -0.4580 and -0.2748 against Pb(II) and Cr(VI), respectively, sensitivity of 1.05 × 107 M-1 cm-1 and color formation stability %RSD of 3.14%. The application of real samples shows no significant difference between the UV-Vis spectrophotometry and optode membrane methods at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The validation results offer a valuable perspective into whether this method can be adopted as a new approach or as an alternative to existing methods for cation analysis in water samples.
Synthesis, Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of [Ni(3-NH₂py)₄Cl₂] Complex (3-NH₂py = 3-aminopyridine) Lestari, Putri Dwi; Farida, Nani; Dasna, I Wayan
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 3 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 3 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.3.106-114

Abstract

Complex [Ni(3-NH2py)4Cl2] was successfully synthesized through the reaction between NiCl2·6H2O with 3-NH2py ligand with a mole ratio of 1:4 using the hydrothermal method at 120°C for 4 hours. The complex was characterized using the melting point test, electrical conductivity, FT-IR, and SC-XRD. The complex compound decomposed at 215°C. Typical absorption bands of 3-NH2py ligand appeared in the FT-IR spectrum of the complex at wave numbers 3375, 3323, 1585, and 1303 cm-1, indicating the presence of -NHas, -NHs, C=N, and -C-NH2 functional groups. The complex compound is an ionic compound that crystallizes in a distorted octahedral structure with a triclinic crystal system and space group Pī (a = 7.6428(8) Å, b = 8.5384(8) Å, c = 9.8610(13) Å and a = 73.920(4)°, b = 70.149(3)°, g = 71.036(2)°). The R-factor value is 4.48%, which shows the refinements are very close to the original structure. Based on the Hirshfeld surface analysis, the intermolecular interaction of N-H···Cl occurs between the H atom of the amine group and the ligand Cl in another molecule. Antibacterial activity tests against S. aureus and E. coli using chloramphenicol as a positive control. The results showed the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria were 6.90 mm, higher than that of their free ligand.
Two-Stage Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanotubes with Variation of Precursor Type for Diazinon Photodegradation Haryati, Tanti; Assiddiq, Mustafid A’yun; Suwardiyanto, Suwardiyanto; Andarini, Novita; Sulistiyo, Yudi Aris
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 4 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 4 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.4.195-199

Abstract

TiO2 is commonly used as a photocatalyst for the photodegradation of harmful chemical compounds, such as diazinon. Its photocatalytic properties can be enhanced by fabricating it into nanotubes. TiO2 nanotube (TNTs) has a large surface area with good photon absorption and electron transport. This study aims to determine the effect of precursor type on the morphology, crystal structure, and photocatalytic activity of the resulting TNTs against diazinon. TNTs synthesis was carried out through a two-stage hydrothermal method using TiO2 micro powder precursors in anatase and rutile phases. The photocatalytic activity of TNTs was tested against diazinon photodegradation. The morphology of TNTs resulting from the first and second hydrothermal processes was fiber-shaped for anatase TNP precursor (TNPa) and rutile TNP precursor (TNPr). TEM characterization showed that the TNT particles were tubular with an outer diameter of 2.27-10.92 nm and an inner diameter of 1.10-4.2 nm. Some impurities, such as sodium titanate and hydrogen titanate, still appear in the diffraction patterns of TNTa and TNTr. The TNTr photocatalyst underwent crystal phase transformation into anatase, which was compared with the JCPDS data. The percentage of degradation for TNTa photocatalyst is slightly greater than TNTr, reaching 85.9% and 82.4%, respectively.

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