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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 530 Documents
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Predictors of Hypertension in Post-Menopausal Women in Surakarta, Central Java Pradani, Amalia Dinda Ayu; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Hypertension caused 45% mortality of heart disease and 51% mortality of stroke in 2014. Young women have a lower risk of hypertension than men. The risk increases after menopause due to lower estrogen production. This study aimed to estimate the biopsychosocial factors affecting hypertension in post-menopausal women in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were obesity, healthy diet, history of contraceptive use, family support, and family history of hypertension. Data of blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of hypertensionin post-menopuse women increased with obesity (OR= 13.00; 95% CI=2.99 to 56.51; p=0.001), family history of hypertension (OR=9.99; 95% CI=2.54 to 39.19; p=0.001), and history of hormonal contraceptive use (OR=10.11; 95% CI=2.60 to 39.25; p=0.001). The risk of hypertension in post-menopuse women decreased with healthy diet (OR= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.55; p= 0.004) and strong family support (OR= 0.09; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.39; p=0.001).Conclusion: The risk of hypertension post-menopause women is affected by obesity, family history of hypertension, history of hormonal contraceptive use, healthy diet, and strong family support. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 312-322https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.02
Effects of Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors on Completeness of Child Immunization in Pamekasan, Madura Jayanti, Nur; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna; Pamungkasari, Ety Poncorini
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: According to WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record, Indonesia ranked fourth the lowest country in immunization coverage after India, Nigeria, and Democratic Republic of Congo. Likewise, Pamekasan District in Madura was one of districs in East Java with the lowest immunization coverage. This study aimed to determine the effects of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors on completeness of child immunization, using PRECEDE and PROCEED model and health belief model.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. This study was carried out at 4 community health centers in Pamekasan District, Madura, East Java, in March to April, 2017. A sample of 135 mothers who had infants aged 10 to 12 months were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was completeness of immunization use. The independent variables were maternal education, attitude towards immunization, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self efficacy, family support, and distance to health service. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis.Results: Perceived barrier (b= -0.5; 95% CI = -1.5 to 0.4; p= 0.255) and distance to health service (b= -1.0; 95% CI= -2.0 to -0.1; p= 0.037) had a negative effect on completeness of immunization. Perceived susceptibility (b= 1.1; 95% CI= 0.2 to 2.0; p= 0.022), perceived severity (b= 1.5; 95% CI= 0.5 to 2.5; p= 0.003), perceived benefit (b= 0.7; 95% CI= -0.1 to 1.6; p= 0.110), and self efficacy (b= 0.6; 95% CI= -0.3 to 1.5; p= 0.193) had a positive effect on completeness of immunization. Perceived susceptibility was affected by maternal education (b= 1.0; 95% CI= 0.3 to 1.7; p= 0.005). Perceived severity was affected by maternal education (b= 0.9; 95% CI= 0.5 to 1.6; p= 0.018) and attitude towards immunization (b= 1.0; 95% CI= 0.3 to 1.8; p= 0.007). Perceived benefit was affected by family support (b= 0.7; 95% CI= -0.1 to 1.4; p= 0.078). Likeliwise, self efficacy was affected by family support (b= 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.3; p= 0.134).Conclusion: Perceived barrier and distance to health service have a negative effect on completeness of immunization. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and self efficacy have a positive effect on completeness of immunization.Keywords: completeness of immunization, PRECEDE and PROCEED model, health belief modelCorrespondence: Nur Jayanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: Yanti_nurjayanti13@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: +6282233829768.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 106-118https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.02
Path Analysis on the Psychosocial Impact of Obesity or Overweight in Adolescents in Surakarta, Central Java A, Yayang Kharistik; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Wekadigunawan, C.S.P.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Worldwide obesity shares 33 percent of adolescents body mass index. The prevalence of obesity has increased threefold since 1980. In Indonesia there are 10.8 percent of children aged 13-15 years who are obese. Obesity and overweight can cause various chronic diseases. Another important impact is psychosocial. Correct intervention and early prevention can reduce the psychosocial impact. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial impact of obesity or overweight on adolescents. Subjects and method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 6 junior high schools in Banjarsari and Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 160 junior high school students were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were depression, self-assessment, body image, eating disorder, and quality of life. The independent variables were obesity or overweight. Body mass index (BMI) was measured by body weight scale and microtoise. Data of other study variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Obesity or overweight was directly associated with depression (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.77; p= 0.005) and bad body image (b= -2.35; 95% CI= -3.20 to 1.49; p< 0.001). Depression was directly associated with eating disorder (b= 0.55; CI 95%= -0.87 to 1.18; p=0.091) and poorer quality of life (b= -0.64; 95% CI= -1.34 to 0.69; p= 0.077). Good body image was directly asssociated with positive self-assessment (b= 2.71; 95% CI= 1.89 to 3.52; p<0.001).Conclusion: Obesity or overweight in adolescents is directly asssociated with depression and bad body image. Obesity or overweight is indirectly associated with negative self-assessment, eating disorder, and poorer quality of life.Keyword: overweight, obesity, psychosocial, path analysisCorrespondence: Yayang Kharistik Almasith. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java.  Email: ycharistik@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281229474445Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 105-117https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.01  
The Effect of Dietary Intake and Social Economic Factors on the Risk of Stunting in Primary School Children in Surakarta, Central Java Utami, Agustina Dwi; Indarto, Dono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: It is estimated there are 156 million of children or as much as (23%) all over the world who endure stunting. Stunting prevalence in Indonesia reaches 29%, the figure is the highest among South East Asia countries. Whereas stunting can cause the escalating mortality and morbidity rate on children, delayed mental development, and reduced intellectual capacity. The study aimed to elaborate the effect of nutrient intake and socioeconomic factor toward stunting incidence among primary school students.Subjects and Method: The study used analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The location of the study was in the city of Surakarta in February up to March 2017. There was a total of 145 subjects of the study. The sampling technique used was multi stage random sampling. Independent variables of the study were protein intake, energy intake, maternal education, maternal occupational status and family income. Dependent variable was stunting. The study used questionnaires and body height measurement for data collection. The data processing used was path analysis.Results: Statistical result showed that Stunting Incidence was affected by energy intake (b=0.02,p<0.001), protein intake (b=0.02; p<0.001), maternal education (b=0.23; p=0.187), family income (b=0.01; p=0.051).  Energy intake was affected by maternal education (b=9.56; p=0.77) and family income (b=1.81; p=0.0.05). Protein intake was affected by maternal education (b=1.75; p=0.051), maternal occupational status (b=-2.30; p=0.33) and family income (b=0.12; p=0.11).Conclusion: Height per age was affected by energy intake, protein intake, maternal education and family income. Energy intake was affected by maternal education and family income. Protein intake was affected by maternal education, maternal occupational status, and family income.Key words : Primary school students, Nutrient Intake, StuntingCorrespondence: Agustina Dwi Utami. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agustinadwiutami@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282312719036.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(1): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.01.01
Path Analysis on Life Course Factors Affecting Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 2 to 5 Years Old in Surakarta Nudhira, Uyunun; Wekadigunawan, Cri SP; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Globally, prevalence of obesity in children under 5 years old has been increasing from 32 million in 1990 to 42 million in 2014. Indonesia ranks highest in the number of obesity cases in South East Asia with prevalence of 11.5% in 2013. However, child overweight and obesity have not been the focus of health problems in Indonesia. Early intervention and prevention of child obesity can reduce long-term risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the life course factors affecting overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in 5 community health centers, Surakarta, from September to October, 2017. A total sample of 150 children aged 2 to 5 years old was selected using fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was overweight or obesity. The independent variables were nutrition intake, exclusive breastfeeding, starting age of complementary feeding, physical activity, birthweight, age of gestation, sectio cesarea labor, maternal body mass index, and maternal job. Physical activity data was measured using Pre PAQ questionnaire. Other data were collected using a set of questionnaire and maternal and child health monitoring book. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old were positively affected by over nutrition intake (b= 1.9; 95% CI= 0.15 to 3.60; p=0.033), high maternal body mass index (b= 2.0; 95% CI= 0.51 to 3.42; p=0.008), and sectio cesarean birth (b= 2.1; 95% CI= 0.56 to 3.73; p=0.008). Overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old were negatively affected by normal birthweight (b= -2.2; 95% CI=  -4.28 to -0.19; p=0.032), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -2.0; 95% CI= -3.60 to -0.39; p=0.015), timely starting age of complementary feeding (b= -1.3; 95% CI= -2.80 to 0.11; p=0.072), and high physical activity (b= -3.0; 95% CI= -4.63 to -1.37; p=0.001). Birthweight was positively affected by age of gestation (b= 4.2; 95% CI= 1.99 to 6.32; p=0.001) and was negatively affected by maternal body mass index (b= -1.1; 95% CI= -2.11 to -0.13; p=0.025). Exclusive breastfeeding was negatively affected by working outside the house (b= -1.4; 95% CI= -2.10 to -0.72; p= 0.001).Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old are positively affected by over nutrition intake, high maternal body mass index, and sectio cesarean birth. Overweight and obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old are negatively affected by normal birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, timely starting age of complementary feeding, and  high physical activity.Keyword: life course factors, overweight, obesity, path analysis.Correspondence: Uyunun Nudhira. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: uyununnudhira14@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285253781714Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(3): 267-283https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.03.08 
Association Between Participation in HIV/ AIDS Peer Group, Stigma, Discrimination, and Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/ AIDS Kurniasari, Mia Ashari; Murti, Bhisma; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The quality of life of people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLH) is of public health concern and calls for attention. The quality of life of PLH may be affected by stigma and discrimination. Peer group of PLHs may have an important role in improving the quality of life of PLHs. This study aimed to investigate the association between participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, discrimination, and quality of life of PLHs.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, from November, 2016 to January, 2017. A total of 65 PLHs participating in HIV/ AIDS peer group and 35 PLHs not participating in HIV/ AIDS peer group were selected for this study by  fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life of PLHs. The independent variables were participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, and discrimination. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group (b=0.27; p=<0.001), social support (b=0.43; p=<0.001), and family support (b=0.18 p=0.021), had positive associations with a decrease in stigma and discrimination towards PLHs. Higher income (b=0.33; p=0.026), higher education level (b=0.21; p=<0.001), less stigma and discrimination (b=0.33; p=<0.001), had positive associations with quality of life of PLHs. Core self evalution  showed positive association with quality of life of PLHs (b=0.31; p=<0.001).Conclusion: Participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, social support, and family support, are positively associated with a decrease in stigma and discrimination towards PLHs. Higher income, higher education, less stigma and discrimination, are positively associated with quality of life of PLHs. Core self evalution is positively associated with quality of life of PLHs.Keywords: HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, discrimination, social support, family support, quality of lifeCorrespondence: Mia Ashari Kurniasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: Deandagelis@gmail.com. Mobile: 0851216175293.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 125-132https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.06
Safe Sexual Behaviors for Early Detection and Prevention of HIV/AIDS Transmission among Queers in Tulungagung, East Java, Using Theory of Planned Behavior Arisona, Widya Lusi; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Sexual intercourse is one of the primary modes of HIV transmission. Sexual activity among heterosexuals has the highest risk of HIV transmission. However, sexual activity among queers also contributed much of the HIV/AIDS case increase. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection was high among queers in Tulungagung, East Java. This study aimed to examine safe sexual behaviors for early detection and prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission among queers using Theory of Planned Behavior.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenology approach. The study was carried out at queers’ peer group namely Aprikot basecamp, Tulungagung, East Java, from 23 April to 17 June, 2017. The informants in this study included queers with positive HIV status and those with negative HIV status. These informants consisted of queer commercial sex workers, queers with steady partner, queers who had recently been registered as Apricot members, queers who had become Apricot members for long, Cesmid NGO, program manager of Local Commision for AIDS Control, health personnels, and officers at District Health Office Tulungagung. The informants were selected by maximum variation sampling. The data were collected using in-depth interview, observation, and document review methods. The data were analyzed by interactive analysis method, including data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification.Results: Five queer informants who worked as commercial sex workers were HIV positive. A queer informant who owned beauty salon had a steady partner. In general, queers had positive attitude towards early detection and prevention of HIV by undertaking regular three monthly HIV tests. The subjective norm in the community was very influential such that all Apricot members always complied with every rule available in the community. As a result, the queers had a stronger intention to do HIV early detection and prevention.Conclusion: Subjective norm is an important determinant for HIV early detection and prevention among queers. It is suggested that the positive norm in the community pertinent to sexual behavior be capitalized and strengtened so as to increase adherence to healthy and safe sexual behaviors among the queers.Keywords: risky sexual behaviors, early detection, prevention,  HIV/ AIDS, queerCorrespondence: Widya Lusi Arisona. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widyalusi@gmail.com. Mobile:  +6285646430617.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 164-173https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.07
The Effectiveness of Mosquito Breeding Site Eradication and Role of Wiggler Controller toward Countermeasure Effort of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Klaten, Central Java Pradana, Riska Chandra; Dharmawan, Ruben; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Countermeasure of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is more prioritizing in preventive activities such as implementing mosquito breeding site eradication or PSN through 3M plus by involving the society and facilitating the establishment of wiggler controllers or Jumantik. Role of wiggler controllers is very important especially in initial vigilance system moreover in the outbreaks of DHF because of their function in monitoring the wigglers’ position and hampering the initial development of DHF transmitter vector. The activeness of wiggler controllers in monitoring their environment is expected to decrease the number of DHF cases. This study was aimed to investigate analyzing the effectiveness of mosquito breeding site eradication and the roles of wiggler controllers or Jumantik in prevention and countermeasure efforts of DHF.Subject and Methods: This was a qualitative study with case design. This was conducted in Juwiring, Ngawen, North Klaten community health center in Klaten, Central Java were selected by Purposive Sampling. The data was collected with observation, document analysis, and in-depth interview. The data validity included a triangulation, methodological triangulation, and theory triangulation. The data was analyzed with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing the conclusion were included in the data analysis of this research.Results: Several obstacle factors were people’s behavior which was not routinely doing the eradication of mosquito breeding site or PSN, lack of knowledge about PSN, lack of health workers especially in PSN program and the role of public figure was not maximum yet. Those could be seen from the outcome of PSN program which was divided by the output of PSN. Morbidity rate of DHF and mortality rate of DHF in Klaten District were still high and did not achieve the national target yet. Then, people’s knowledge about PSN program was quite good, people’s behavior was also good especially to the implementation of PSN program although some of them behaved poorly, their reliance and trust were good especially to the implementation of PSN program, then, there were no contradictions between society values and PSN Program. Health facilities and infrastructures were adequate to perform individual health effort in promotive, preventive, curative, or rehabilitative which were done by the government, regency government, or the society especially to encourage the implementation of PSN program. Amount of health officers for the implementation of PSN Program was not ideal yet, especially for Epidemiology officers and Health Promotion officers. Public and government supports were quite good in the implementation of PSN Program. Attitude and behavior of public figures, religious leaders, and also health officers were quite good. Although some of public figures did not give their full support. Government policy in encouraging the implementation of PSN Program itself was quite good. That was proven by publishing Region Regulation No. 03 of 2010 and Regent Regulation No. 05 of 2013 about prevention and disease control from animal sources, but its implementations were not maximum and binding yet. The role of wiggler controllers in decreasing the rate of DHF cases could be optimized by specific commitment from the policy makers, started from the highest to the lowest in order to build better initial vigilance system. Operational fund for the wiggler controllers (Jumantik) in Klaten District was not ideal yet, so, commonly they spent their own money for the operational fund when they did their job.Conclusion: The effectiveness of PSN Program in Klaten District to overcome DHF was effective enough. The role of predisposition factor toward mosquito breeding site eradication or PSN in order to overcome DHF in Klaten District was became the booster of the implementation of mosquito breeding site eradication program (PSN). Enabling Factors are enormously important in implementing the PSN Program in the public. The encourage factor on PSN program was not maximum yet, especially in the implementation of Region Regulations and Regent Regulations particularly about Prevention and Disease Control from Animal Source. The roles of wiggler controllers in the countermeasure of DHF in Klaten District was very important especially for the initial vigilance of DHF because its functions were used to monitor their existences and also hamper the initial development of DHF transmitter vectorKey words: mosquito breeding site eradication, DHF, the role of wiggler controllersCorrespondence : Riska Chandra Pradana. Dr. R Soeprapto Cepu Hospital. Email: pradanachan@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 37-48https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.05
Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Surakarta, Central Java Romadhoni, Dea Linia; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are injuries and disorders that affect the hu­man body’s movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.). The impacts of MSD include reduced activity, reduction of work abi­lity, and use of health care (seeing a health professional or taking prescription or non­prescription medication). Studies investigating risk factors of MSD are lacking in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate biopsychosocial factors affecting the risk of MSD in Sura­karta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, Central Java from April to May 2018. A sample of 116 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was MSD. The independent variable were gender, history of chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), stress, occupational type, environmental working, and working posture. Data on MSD status were taken from medical record. Working posture was measured by REBA questionnaire. Other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of MSDs was directly increased with BMI ≥25 (OR= 1.22; 95% CI= 0.15 to 2.30; p= 0.026), history of chronic disease (OR= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.96 to 3.08; p<0.001), heavy occupational type (OR= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.43 to 2.68; p<0.007), and poor working posture (REBA score ≥4) (OR= 1.75; 95% CI= 0.65 to -2.86; p= 0.002). The risk of MSDs was indirectly affected by environmental working, stress, and gender.Conclusion: The risk of MSDs is directly increased with BMI ≥25, history of chronic disease, heavy occupational type, and poor working posture (REBA score ≥4), and is indirectly affected by environmental working, stress, and gender.Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, biopsychosocial factorCorrespondence: Dea Linia Romadhoni. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: dealinia08@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282227862718.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 361-368https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.07
Evaluation of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Predictor Index in Surakarta, Central Java Pamungkas, Putri; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem. New cases of lung Tuberculosis in 2015 were 10.4 million worldwide. One of the challenging in TB control to be addressed is the development of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). There were an estimated 15,380 TB cases in Indonesia by 2015 with 1,860 positive TB cases and 1,566 cases successfully treated. This study aimed to determine the predictor index for MDR-TB.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from August to November 2017. The study subjects were selected by fixed disease sampling including 75 MDR-TB patients and 75 TB patients. The dependent variable was MDR-TB. The independent variables were medical history, co-morbidity (Diabetes Mellitus), drug side effect, drug-taking supervisor, and regularity of treatment. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: MDR-TB Occurrence Index increased with drug-taking supervisor (b = 2.33; 95% CI= 3.83 to 27.91; p<0.001), drug-side effect (b = 0.73; 95% CI= 0.58 to 7.45; p=0.026), medical history (b = 2.35; 95% CI= 3.80 to 29.38; p<0.001). MDR-TB Occurrence Index decreased by absence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (b = -0.56; 95% CI= 0.18 to 1.78; p= 0.033), regular treatment (b = -1.73; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.46; p<0.001).Conclusion: MDR-TB Occurrence Index is determined by the drug-taking supervisor, drug side effect, medical history, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and regular treatment.Keywords: MDR-TB Occurrence Index, medical history, drug-taking supervisor, drug side effect, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, regular treatmentCorrespondence: Putri Pamungkas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: pamungkasputri95@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 263-276https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.06 

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