Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
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<![CDATA[Effect of Garlic Powder Supplementation on Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Level in Patient with Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulkarnain, Zuraida]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Bhisma]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can cause death and disability, so it must be managed properly. Garlic flour (GP) is one of the dosage forms of garlic that has the potential to reduce cholesterol. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to determine the effectiveness of GP in reducing total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL).Subjects and Method: Search articles through the Pubmed database, Google scholar, Proquest, Springer link, and Science direct with the appropriate keywords. Population= patients with hypercholesterolemia. Intervention= GP. Comparison= placebo. Outcome= TC and LDL. Inclusion criteria included complete articles in English or Indonesian published from 2010-2022, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design, subjects >18 years old with hypercholesterolemia, the study had a complete fat profile outcome, duration of intervention 2 weeks-12 months. The flow of article selection is based on the PRISMA flow diagram. Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 with effect size standardized mean difference (SMD) and Random Effect Model (REM) analysis model.Results: A total of 10 articles were eligible for a meta-analysis. The GP group had TC levels 1.49 units lower than the placebo group (SMD = -1.49; 95% CI = -1.95 to -0.55; p = 0.005) and LDL levels 0.68 units lower than the placebo group (SMD= -0.68; CI95). %= -1.08 to -0.27; p=0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the length of the intervention showed that administration of GP <12 weeks only significantly reduced TC while administration > 12 weeks significantly reduced TC and LDL.Conclusion: GP is effective in lowering TC and LDL especially at 12 weeks or more.Keywords: garlic powder, hypercholesterolemia, RCTCorrespondence: Zuraida Zulkarnain. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Mobile: 081393933862. Email: zuraida.zu@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 102-114https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.11]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Zingiber officinale Rhizome Powder on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Meta-Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Novianto, Fajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Hanung]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is the most common type of diabetes caused by insulin resistance and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. Several studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of Zingiber officinale powder in patients with type 2 DM. As a result of these inconsistencies, researchers are compelled to prove the effect of Zingiber officinale powder on fasting blood sugar (GDP) and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients through a meta-analysis study.Subject and Method: This study is a meta-analysis of a number of randomized controlled trials. The articles were obtained from the PubMed, Science Direct, Springerlink and Google Scholar databases published in 2012-2022. The search articles were carried out by considering the feasibility of the criteria determined using the PICO model. Population: type 2 DM patients, Intervention: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder, Comparison: placebo, Outcome: GDP and HbA1c levels. The keywords used are “Zingiber officinale” OR “Zingiber” OR “Z. officinale” OR “Ginger” AND “Fasting blood glucose” AND “HbA1c” OR “A1c” OR “Glicemic” OR “Glucose” OR “Diabetes Mellitus” OR “type 2 diabetes mellitus” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”. Article selection with PRISMA flow diagram. Analysis of articles using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: A total of 11 articles were reviewed in this study. Analysis of 11 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce GDP levels in type 2 DM patients (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= -0.79; 95% CI= -1.32 to -0.26; p= 0.004). Analysis of 10 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce HbA1c levels (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI= -0.55 to -0.22; p<0.001).Conclusion: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder can significantly reduce GDP and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients.Keywords: Zingiber officinale, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, GDP, HbA1cCorrespondence: Fajar Novianto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir.Sutami No.36, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dr.fajarnovianto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 39-50https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.05]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Specific Training on Physical Functional Improvement and Walking Speed in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis ]]>
<![CDATA[Perdana, Suryo Saputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggraeni, Nadya]]>;
<![CDATA[Norazmi, Ihsan]]>;
<![CDATA[Septiani, Icha]]>;
<![CDATA[Zhulfahmi, Moch. Rizki]]>;
<![CDATA[Kasumbung, Muhammad Tasa]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder which is a progressive change in joints that is slow and intermittent, usually in the field there are exercises to strengthen muscles which are only supported by the agonist muscles while the antagonistic muscles also participate and even more dominant, the most approved intervention to be able to activate both muscles is a special task. The purpose of this study is to study whether there are functional requirements for specific tasks to improve the functioning and running of osteoarthritis patients.Subjects and Method: This study method uses the type of experimental research with a single case research method using A-B-A research design. The study was conducted in January 2020 located at the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. A patient with knee OA was selected using consecutive sampling. Functional ability and walking speed were tested by West Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).Results: Specific training improved physical function and speed walking in patients with knee osteoarthritis. There was no effect of specific training on pain and stiffness.Conclusion: Task specific training improves functional ability and walking performance in aptient with knee osteoarthritis.Keywords: Osteoarthritis, task specific training, visual surface electromyograph, augmented feedback, functional ability.Correspondence: Suryo Saputra Perdana. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura, Sukoharjo 57169, Central Java, Indonesia. Phone: +6281298563988. Email: suryo.saputra@ums.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 89-101https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.10 ]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Administration of Phaleria Macrocarpa on Liver Function of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients who Receive Cisplatin Chemotherapy ]]>
<![CDATA[Akbar, Adi Januar]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusmawan, Willy]]>;
<![CDATA[Farokah, Farokah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugroho, Nur Iman]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant tumor located in the nasopharynx, which can be treated by Cisplatin, a chemotherapy that has a side effect of increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that can damage the liver. We aim to determine the effect of giving Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) as an antioxidant on liver function of NPC patients receiving Cisplatin chemotherapy. Subjects and Method: Forty subjects of stage III and IV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma patients were divided into treatment and control groups. Subjects will be tested for SGOT SGPT before cisplatin chemotherapy. The treatment group was given Phaleria macrocarpa capsules 300 mg/24 hours for 5 weeks since a week before chemotherapy. The control group was given placebo capsules/24 hours for 5 weeks since a week before chemotherapy. The patients received two series of cisplatin chemotherapy with an interval of 3 weeks, then a second blood sample was taken 1 week after the second series of cisplatin chemotherapy.Results: There was a significant difference in SGOT levels in the post-treatment group of Phaleria macrocarpa and control, as well as the difference in the pre- and post- treatment group between the Phaleria macrocarpa and control groups. Also, there was a significant difference in SGPT levels in the pre- and post- treatment in the Phaleria macrocarpa and control groups.Conclusion: The administration of Phaleria macrocarpa has an effect on decreasing the levels of SGOT and SGPT in NPC patients receiving Cisplatin chemotherapy therapyKeywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, SGOT, SGPT, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, CisplatinCorrespondence: Adi Januar Akbar. ENT Department of Diponegoro University. Prof. Sudarto Street No. 13, Tembalang, Tembalang Sub-district, Semarang City, Central Java, 50275. Email: diaz17akbarsaleh@gmail.com. +628161455179.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 1-8https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.01]]>
<![CDATA[Meta-Analysis the Effect of Acupressure in Lowering Pain of Dysmenorrhea ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahmawati, Anisya Fajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Hanung]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Bhisma]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common cause of lower abdominal pain and has a negative impact on women's quality of life resulting in activity limitations. Non-pharmacological management can be used as an intervention in the management of dysmenorrhea. Acupressure is a therapy that is given by massaging or pressing certain points. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of acupressure therapy on reducing dysmenorrhea pain.Subject and Method: This study was a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: Women aged 16-30 years old with primary dysmenorrhea. Intervention: administration of Acupressure Therapy. Comparison: Acupressure therapy was not performed. Results: Decreased pain in primary dysmenorrhea. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “Acupressure” OR “Acupressure Therapy” AND “Sanyinjiao Point (SP6)” AND “Hequ Point (LI4)” AND “Dysmenorrhea” OR “Primary Dysmenorrhea” OR “Menstrual Pain” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”. The articles included are full-text English with a Randomized Control Trial study design from 2007 to 2022. The articles were selected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: Meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trial articles from Asia and Europe concluded that acupressure therapy can reduce pain in primary dysmenorrhea (SMD= -0.66; 95% CI = -0.96 to -0.36; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Acupressure therapy can affect pain reduction in women with complaints of primary dysmenorrhea.Keywords: Acupressure, pain relief, primary dysmenorrheaCorrespondence: Anisya Fajar Rahmawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: +6285715840985. Email: anisyafajar25@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 51-60https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.06]]>
<![CDATA[Osteochondroma of the Distal Femur in Young Patient: An Oncology Case Report ]]>
<![CDATA[Sandiwidayat, Komang Septian]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Osteochondroma is the most common primary bone tumor manifested as a painless, slow-growing mass. Apart from its asymptomatic manifestations, the tumor is malignant potential so appropriate management needs to be acknowledged. The aim of this study is to discuss the possible clinical findings for diagnosing with managing this rare case properly, which may provide a good outcome for this patient.Case Presentation: A 17-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of a slow-growing lump on the back of his right thigh. On physical examination, a 7 cm x 6 cm mass with mild tenderness was found during palpation. Based on these clinical and imaging findings, we informed and gained consent from the patient for surgery followed by a histopathology examination. The histopathology examination confirmed osteochondroma in the right distal femur.Results: Surgery was performed to curatively remove the tumor, followed by a histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma. One week after the surgery, the post-surgical wound care was performed showing an excellent result, without any signs of infection or complications.Conclusion: Typical manifestation of painful osteochondromas may be associated with mechanical compression to the surrounding nerve and vascular structures. Surgical excision is an appropriate management approach to provide consistent relief of pain and deformity in osteochondroma case.Keywords: arteriovenous malformations, CT scan, rare case, embolizationCorrespondence: Komang Septian Sandiwidayat. Oncology Division, Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia. Email: drseptianortho@gmail.com. +62-821-4725-2042.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 82-88https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.09]]>
<![CDATA[Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Uptake in Lowering Low Back Pain ]]>
<![CDATA[Salsabil, Husna Arwa]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Hanung]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Bhisma]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a generalized pain from the second lumbar vertebra to the sacroiliac joint, and is generally a lifelong health disorder. LBP is often the cause of people feeling a decrease in ability in daily functional activities. Patients often complain of symptoms of pain, muscle spasms and impaired function. One of the interventions that can be used to reduce LBP is therapy using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a device used to relieve pain by stimulating nerves through electrodes transcutaneously. TENS is one of the modalities that can improve neuromuscular function or reduce pain and is very useful for patients with complaints of low back pain who experience pain and muscle weakness around the pelvis, trunk, and lower legs. LBP patient.Subject and Method: This study was a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: low back pain patients. Intervention: administration of TENS. Comparison: not given TENS. Result: decreased pain. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation” OR “TENS” AND “reduction pain” OR “pain relief” AND “low back pain”. The articles included are full-text English with a randomized control trial study design from 2007 to 2022. Article selection was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 . application.Results: A total of 12 case studies from continental Europe, America and Asia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. It was found that giving TENS -0.67 times reduced pain in complaints of low back pain compared to not given TENS significantly (SMD = -0.67; 95% CI = -1.03 to -0.32; p = 0.002).Conclusion: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation reduces pain in low back pain patients.Keywords: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, reduction pain, low back painCorrespondence: Husna Arwa Salsabil, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: +6289611006503. Email: husna0105@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 9-18https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.02 ]]>
<![CDATA[Meta Analysis the Effect of Cadmium Exposure on Chronic Renal Filure in Adults ]]>
<![CDATA[Zahra, Fathia Mutiara]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahardjo, Setyo Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Bhisma]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are heavy metals that are hazardous to health. Chronic exposure to cadmium is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased risk of chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to determine how much influence cadmium exposure has on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cadmium exposure on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults.Subject and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flowchart with PICO as follows, Population: Adults. Intervention: Exposure to Cadmium. Comparison: No Cadmium Exposure. Outcome: Chronic Renal Failure. Search articles using several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with the search keywords “adults” AND “cadmium exposure” AND “chronic kidney failure”. The articles submitted ranged from 2013 to 2021. Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 as a statistical program.Results: There are 11 articles, originating from the continents of Asia and Europe. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exposure to cadmium increased the risk of developing chronic renal failure in adults by 2.81 times compared with adults who were not exposed to cadmium and was statistically significant (aOR = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.74 to 4.51; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of chronic kidney failure in adults.Keywords: cadmium, chronic renal failure, adultsCorrespondence: Fathia Mutiara Zahra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: efemzahra31@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +62 815-6798-7661.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 61-72https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.07]]>
<![CDATA[The Correlation between Allergic Diseases and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ]]>
<![CDATA[Pratiwi, Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Wediningsih, Yulyani]]>;
<![CDATA[Matea, Ari]]>;
<![CDATA[Nareswari, Kirana Pawitra]]>;
<![CDATA[Aryani, Niken Dyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: The prevalence of autoimmune diseases and major chronic allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are increasing in line with the occurrence of climate change. Allergy and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are sometimes being linked since both are immune diseases involving gene-environment interactions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between allergic diseases and SLE.Method: This case-control study was performed on 39 SLE subjects from the Tittari Community and 39 non-SLE subjects aged 15-49 years old, from September until October 2021. All of them were females. The independent variable was allergic disease and the dependent variable was SLE. Participants' characteristics and allergy data were collected through answering the online Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire, then the results were processed with bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The correlation between allergic diseases and SLE was significant for atopic dermatitis but not for allergic rhinitis and asthma (p=0.018; p=0.352; p=0.151 respectively). The bivariate analysis revealed that the risk of SLE was 3.17 times higher in atopic dermatitis patients (OR=3.17; 95% CI=1.20-8.39; p=0.018). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis found that subjects with atopic dermatitis had the highest risk of SLE (OR= 3.18; 95% CI= 1.07-9.51; p=0.031).Conclusion: Among allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis was found to be significantly correlated with SLE, where the risk of SLE was raised as the number of atopic dermatitis increased.Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitisCorrespondence: Dewi Pratiwi. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret – Moewardi Hospital, Indonesia. Email: pratiwidewi81@staff.uns.ac.id. Phone: (0271) 664569.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 19-27https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.03]]>
<![CDATA[Meta-Analysis the Effect of Hydrotherapy on the Elevation of Motoric Functional Ability in Post Stroke Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Wibisono, Lilik Sigit]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Hanung]]>;
<![CDATA[Murti, Bhisma]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world after heart and cancer and the disease that causes serious and permanent disability is the first in the world. Hydrotherapy in stroke plays a role in developing, maintaining, and restoring movement and function with motor training based on an understanding of the pathophysiology, neurophysiology, kinematics and kinetics of normal motion. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hydrotherapy on improving motor functional ability in post-stroke patients.Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: stroke patients. Intervention: administration of hydrotherapy. Comparison: Standard therapy. Result: motor functional improvement. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “hydrotherapy” OR “Aquatic therapy” AND “functional enhancement” AND “post stroke”. The articles included are full-text English with a randomized control trial study design from 2002 to 2022. Article selection was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A meta-analysis of 9 studies from China, Korea, Italy, Spain and Brazil concluded that hydrotherapy has an effect on post-stroke functional improvement. Post-stroke patients who received hydrotherapy intervention had motor functional ability 0.68 units higher than those who did not receive hydrotherapy. The difference was significant (SMD= 0.68; 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.91; p=0.001).Conclusion: Hydrotherapy improves motor functional ability of post-stroke patients.Keywords: Hydrotherapy, functional enhancement, post strokeCorrespondence: Lilik Sigit Wibisono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: 087779982774. Email: lilik21_1990@student.uns.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 73-81https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.08]]>
