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JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 24077062     EISSN : 24425435     DOI : 10.25077
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis (J Sains Farm Klin) adalah jurnal ilmiah di bidang kefarmasian yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas bekerjasama dengan lembaga profesi "Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia" (IAI) daerah Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 2014.
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Articles 540 Documents
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Nanotechnology-Based Formulations of Propolis Bioactives for Modern Natural Product Therapy: A Narrative Literature Review: A Narrative Literature Review Yandi Syukri; Najwah Saffanah Alivuelsa; Hannie Fitriani; Hendra Budiman
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.137-151.2026

Abstract

Propolis contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing, and anticancer activities. However, their therapeutic application is limited by poor aqueous solubility, physicochemical instability, and low bioavailability. This narrative review summarizes recent advances in nanotechnology-based formulations developed to improve the delivery of propolis extracts and identified bioactive compounds. A structured search of Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed identified studies published between 2022 and 2026, with the final search completed on 31 July 2026. Of 333 records retrieved, 25 studies met the eligibility criteria. Reported nanocarriers included nanoemulsions, polymeric and chitosan nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, nanovesicles, micelles, dendrimers, protein- and starch-based nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, and injectable hydrogels, with particle sizes ranging from 8.87 to 488.28 nm. These systems generally enhanced solubility, bioaccessibility, controlled release, and biological efficacy in antimicrobial, wound-healing, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, periodontal, and cardiovascular models. Nevertheless, evidence remains preclinical and methodologically heterogeneous. Future studies should emphasize standardized chemical and nanocarrier characterization, pharmacokinetics, long-term safety, and clinical validation. Unlike previous reviews, this study systematically links identified propolis bioactives with specific nanocarriers, providing a framework for the rational development of clinically translatable propolis nanomedicines.
Questionnaire for Assessing Knowledge and Self-Reported Antipsychotic Dispensing Practices Among Indonesian Pharmacists: A Rasch Analysis of Validity Evidence Reina Melani; Lukman Hakim; Genialita Fadhilla; Muhammad Jayyid Zidan; Renanda Nabila Putri; Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.152-167.2026

Abstract

Inappropriate dispensing of antipsychotic medications may cause preventable medication-related harm, yet validated instruments for assessing pharmacists’ knowledge and dispensing practices remain limited in Indonesia. This study evaluated the Rasch measurement properties of a questionnaire developed for Indonesian pharmacists. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 642 pharmacists recruited through convenience sampling using professional pharmacy networks and online communication platforms. Participants completed a 22-item instrument comprising 12 dichotomous knowledge items and 10 five-category practice items. 22-item instrument comprising 12 dichotomous knowledge items and 10 five-category self-reported practice items. The two domains were analysed separately using the Rasch model, assessing person and item fit, unidimensionality based on principal component analysis of standardized residuals (with a first-contrast eigenvalue <2.0), reliability, separation, item-person targeting, and sex-related differential item functioning. Item fit was evaluated using Infit and Outfit mean-square (MNSQ) statistics, with values between 0.5 and 1.5 considered acceptable. Mean person and item infit and outfit mean-square values were close to 1.00 in both domains. Person reliability was 0.78 for knowledge and 0.86 for practice, item reliability was 1.00 in both domains, and Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.76 and 0.87, respectively. The Rasch measures explained 60.5% of the variance in knowledge and 69.5% in practice. Wright maps showed satisfactory central targeting, and no visually apparent moderate-to-large sex-related differential item functioning was identified. Overall, the instrument demonstrated satisfactory initial Rasch-based validity and reliability, although further validation in geographically balanced samples and comparison with observed dispensing behaviour are warranted.
Cost-Effectiveness of Anthracycline, Cyclophosphamide-Taxane (AC-T) Chemotherapy Based on Diagnostic Delay Status: A Payer Perspective Fitri Handayani; Almahdy Almahdy; Yelly Oktavia Sari; Najmiatul Fitria
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.168-182.2026

Abstract

Diagnostic delay in breast cancer accelerates disease progression and escalates healthcare expenditures under the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) program. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 8-cycle anthracycline, cyclophosphamide-taxane (AC-T) chemotherapy regimen based on diagnostic delay status  from the perspective of the Social Security Agency for Health (BPJS Kesehatan). A retrospective cohort study  was conducted on 49 breast cancer patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, stratified into neoadjuvant (n = 23) and adjuvant (n = 26) arms, evaluating prospective INA-CBGs claim tariffs and serum CA 15-3 kinetics as a surrogate response biomarker. In the neoadjuvant arm, the non-delay group achieved significant within-group biomarker reduction (p = 0.007; net change: 4.69 vs. 0.31 μ/mL, between-group p = 0.231) and saved IDR 10,125,271 per patient (ICER: -IDR 2,311,706/μ/mL, dominant).  In the adjuvant arm, diagnostic delay was associated with post-mastectomy biomarker elevation (-17.25 μ/mL), whereas non-delay saved IDR 10,396,936 per patient (ICER: -IDR 563,520/μ/mL, dominant). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (10,000 iterations) confirmed 100% stability in Quadrant II of the Cost-Effectiveness Plane across both arms. Prompt diagnosis demonstrates economic dominance by curbing public reimbursement expenditures alongside favorable surrogate biomarker trajectories, supporting the macroeconomic value of strengthening early detection policies.
Analysis of Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Based on The Clinical Stage of Patients with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Putu Dian Marani Kurnianta; I Gusti Ngurah Widnyana; Pande Made Desy Ratnasari
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.221-232.2026

Abstract

Patients with a more advanced stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are more prone to experience more complications. Meanwhile, long-term treatment of HIV with antiretrovirals (ARVs) may potentially cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aims to analyze the relationship between HIV clinical stages and the level of ADR probability based on the Naranjo scale. This study was designed as an observational, analytic cross-sectional study. Data were collected based on medical records of adult patients with HIV/AIDS under treatment with ARVs at a regional hospital in Denpasar during 2022-2024. The results showed that among the included HIV/AIDS patients (N = 69), the majority were male, aged 25-49 years (50-72%), with HIV clinical stage 3 (50.72%). The most common ADRs include itching, fever, nausea, and diarrhea (8-20%). ADR of diarrhea was found to be significantly different (p = 0.007) among HIV clinical stages. A statistically significant but weak correlation was observed between clinical stage and ADR probability (τ = 0.179; p = 0.039). Future prospective longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship over time and strengthen pharmacovigilance in HIV patient care.
Patterns and Timing of Previous Psychiatric Hospitalizations Among Patients with Mental Illness nurma suri; Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina; Muhammad Fitrah Wardhana Sayoeti; Savira Rahmadanti
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.233-241.2026

Abstract

Repeated psychiatric hospitalization is common among individuals with mental illness and reflects the recurrent of psychiatric disorders. This study described the frequency, pattern, and timing of previous psychiatric hospitalizations among psychiatric inpatients. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of patients admitted to psychiatric hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, previous psychiatric hospitalizations, and outpatient follow-up adherence were extracted from medical records. The frequency of previous hospitalizations during 2021-2023 period was summarized descriptively, and intervals between consecutive hospital admissions were described using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Of 268 patients, 67 (25.0%) had at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization. Short-interval hospitalizations were uncommon, with 2.7% occurring within 30 days and 2.7% occurring between 31 and 90 days. Longer intervals were more frequent, with 5.5% occurring between 91 and 180 days, 7.5% between 181 and 365 days, and 12.7% occurring more than one year after the previous hospitalization. The median interval between the first and second admissions was 345 days, decreasing to 147, 135, and 63 days for subsequent admissions, indicating progressively shorter intervals between consecutive hospitalizations. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis, and patients with previous hospitalizations were predominantly young adult males, unemployed, unmarried, had low educational attainment, and frequently demonstrated poor outpatient follow-up adherence. One-quarter of psychiatric inpatients had a history of previous hospitalization. Although longer hospitalization intervals were more common than early previous admissions, intervals between consecutive hospitalizations shortened with increasing numbers of admissions.
Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Led Interventions for Blood Pressure Control in Hospital and Hospital-Linked Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis Izmi Yolanda Rusdi; Retnosari Andrajati; Santi Purna Sari
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.183-193.2026

Abstract

Hypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, while evidence on pharmacist-led care in hospital and hospital-linked settings is fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of clinical pharmacist-led interventions on blood pressure and related outcomes in adults with hypertension. PubMed and Scopus were searched through 23 November 2025. Five studies were included: three randomized controlled trials, one quasi-randomized controlled trial, and one nonrandomized before-after study. Interventions comprised structured education, medication review and optimization, medication therapy management, home blood pressure monitoring, and follow-up. Narrative findings generally favored pharmacist-led care for blood pressure, medication adherence, hypertension knowledge, and resolution of drug-related problems. Two controlled trials, one randomized and one quasi-randomized, contributed to the exploratory meta-analysis. Pharmacist-led interventions reduced systolic blood pressure by a pooled mean difference of -5.27 mmHg (95% CI -7.23 to -3.31; I² = 0%). The pooled diastolic blood pressure effect favored intervention but was not statistically significant (mean difference -4.21 mmHg; 95% CI -9.80 to 1.38; I² = 85.1%). Interpretation is limited by the small number of pooled studies, heterogeneous interventions, attrition, and risk of bias. Pharmacist-led interventions may improve systolic blood pressure and medication-management outcomes, but additional rigorously designed trials with standardized interventions and outcome reporting are needed.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Bleeding in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Undergoing Warfarin Treatment at Rsud Kabupaten Tangerang muhamad yqbal; Dian Ratih; M. Iqbal Julian R.P.P; Siti Elkana Nauli
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.251-260.2026

Abstract

Bleeding complications are a major contributor to hospitalization among cardiovascular patients on warfarin therapy, yet the causative factors remain incompletely characterized. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify significant risk factors and their potential interaction in bleeding incidence among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients at RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang. Medical-record data from CVD patients on warfarin hospitalized with or without bleeding between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed using JAMOVI, encompassing bivariate, multivariate, and interaction analyses. A total of 132 patients were enrolled, comprising 44 (33.3%) cases with bleeding and 88 (66.7%) controls without bleeding. Fisher's exact test, employed due to sparse and unbalanced data, identified significant associations with herb use (p<0.001, OR=460), INR ≥3 (p<0.001, OR=8.33), and hypofibrinogenemia (p<0.001, OR=179). Firth's penalized logistic regression confirmed herb use (aOR=25.33, p<0.001) and hypofibrinogenemia (aOR=19.10, p<0.001) as independently and strongly associated with bleeding, with a strong model fit (Nagelkerke R²=0.854). However, the likelihood ratio test for the synergistic interaction between these two factors was not statistically significant (χ²=2.78, p=0.095). Overall, herb use and hypofibrinogenemia are independently risk factors for bleeding in warfarin-treated cardiovascular patients; the interaction between them was not statistically significant, so clinicians should screen for herb use and monitor fibrinogen levels.
Immunogenicity Response and Adverse Drug Reaction of Covid-19 Vaccine in Pregnancy and Lactation: Rapid Review Dika Pramita Destiani; N Anna Sakinah Liana Rahmawati; Henry Ng
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.194-202.2026

Abstract

Vaccines have emerged as a solution to COVID-19 and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing severe complications. However, evidence regarding their safety and immunogenicity in pregnant and lactating women remains limited. This rapid review synthesized available evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and lactation. Article selection was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE from database inception until June 10, 2023, using the search strategy ("COVID-19 vaccine") AND ("Pregnancy") AND/OR ("Lactation"). Studies included English-language randomized controlled trials and clinical trials involving human subjects who received COVID-19 vaccines, and methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad and MINORS scores. Based on the 9 articles included, IgA and IgG levels increased in maternal blood and breastmilk following vaccination with mRNA, viral vector, and recombinant protein subunit vaccines, with responses varying by vaccine type, dose, and sampling time. The immunogenicity response generated by the vaccine may boost the infant immunity by transferring antibodies through the placenta and breastmilk. The results indicate that no serious vaccine-related adverse effects have been observed with COVID-19 vaccines administered during pregnancy and lactation in mothers or infants across studies.
Formulation and evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Loaded with Usnic Acid for Topical Application Deni Noviza; Lili Fitriani; Nurul Husna; Sjaikhurrizal El Muttadien
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.203-213.2026

Abstract

Usnic acid, a secondary metabolite derived from Usnea sp., exhibits diverse pharmacological activities; however, its therapeutic utility is constrained by poor aqueous solubility and risk of hepatotoxicity upon oral administration. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of usnic acid tailored for topical application. The formulation was optimized via a pseudoternary phase diagram and characterized using a particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optimized SNEDDS—comprising grapeseed oil, Cremophor RH 40, and polyethylene glycol 400—exhibited rapid emulsification (0.87 ± 0.05 s) and high transmittance (99.12 ± 0.34%). PSA analysis revealed a globule size of 132.45 ± 4.21 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.32 ± 0.02, and a zeta potential of −34.76 ± 1.15 mV, aligning with TEM observations that confirmed a spherical morphology. This optimized system was subsequently incorporated into a Carbopol Ultrez 30 hydrogel, yielding a homogeneous formulation with a pH of 5.86 ± 0.12 and a spreadability of 5.74 ± 0.28 cm. Upon incorporation into the gel framework, the SNEDDS maintained favorable characteristics, exhibiting a globule size of 148.67 ± 5.02 nm nm, a PDI of 0.36 ± 0.03, and a zeta potential of 31.42 ± 1.27 mV. Finally, in vitro release studies demonstrated that the SNEDDS hydrogel achieved an approximate two-fold increase in usnic acid release over 24 h compared to a conventional hydrogel, highlighting its potential as an effective topical delivery system
Suspected Captopril-Associated Adverse Drug Reactions among Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Study in a Primary Healthcare Setting: Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions of captopril using a causality approach Rahmi Yosmar; Syania Salsabila; Dedy Almasdy
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 02 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(2), August 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.02.211-220.2026

Abstract

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unintended and harmful responses to medicines occurring at doses normally used for disease prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. Hypertension is a chronic condition requiring long-term pharmacological therapy, and captopril, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. This study aimed to determine the incidence and classification of ADRs and examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, captopril treatment patterns, and the occurrence of captopril-related ADRs among hypertensive patients. This prospective observational study employed a cross-sectional assessment, with data collected prospectively through patient interviews from March to May 2024 at Andalas Community Health Center, Padang City, Indonesia. The Naranjo Algorithm was used to assess the probability of a causal relationship between captopril use and suspected ADRs. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas (No. 39/UN16.10.D.KEPK-FF/2024). Of the 44 patients receiving captopril therapy, 22 (50.0%) experienced at least one suspected ADR, with a total of 26 suspected ADR events identified. Dry cough was the most frequently reported ADR (69%), followed by dizziness (11%) and nausea (8%), swollen gums (4%), frequent urination (4%), and flatulence (4%). Based on the Naranjo Algorithm, 73% of ADRs were classified as probable and 27% as possible. No significant associations were found between sociodemographic characteristics or captopril treatment patterns and ADR occurrence (p > 0.05). Suspected ADRs were relatively common among patients receiving captopril, with dry cough being the most frequently reported reaction.

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