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JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis)
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 24077062     EISSN : 24425435     DOI : 10.25077
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis (J Sains Farm Klin) adalah jurnal ilmiah di bidang kefarmasian yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas bekerjasama dengan lembaga profesi "Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia" (IAI) daerah Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 2014.
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Articles 509 Documents
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Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Body Butter Preparation Containing Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata L.) and Its Influence on Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Value Kholilah, Noor; Masyithah, Lathvi; Suzana, Dona
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.102-110.2025

Abstract

The leaf part of the soursop plant (Annona muricata L.) contains phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and tannins, which have sunscreen potential due to the presence of chromophore groups. These groups have conjugated double bonds capable of absorbing ultraviolet rays, thus reducing their intensity on the skin. This study aims to formulate sunscreen body butter preparations from soursop leaf extract with good stability and to determine the effect of varying concentrations of soursop leaf extract on the SPF value of the preparations. Soursop leaf ethanol extract was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol. Body butter was formulated due to its efficacy in preserving skin hydration, improving softness, and protecting against environmental stressors. SPF value measurements were conducted using spectrophotometric methods. The evaluation results of sunscreen body butter from formulas 1, 2, and 3 were sequentially light green, strong green, and dark green in color; with a typical weak extract odor, homogeneous, pH 7, and a spreadability of 6 - 6.5 cm. Stability testing with a cycling test showed that all three preparation formulas were stable. The SPF values of sunscreen body butter containing ethanol extract of soursop leaves for F1 extract 1% were 7.07, categorized as extra protection; F2 extract 2% was 10.51, categorized as maximum protection; and F3 extract 3% was categorized as ultra protection. The higher the concentration of extract in the preparation, the higher the SPF value it possesses
Effectiveness and Safety Test of Antiaging Serum Combination of Ceremai Fruit (Phyllantus acidus) and Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) In Vivo Elda Ernawati, Eneng; Suryani, Nani; Sodik, Akmal; Maulana, Farhan Hidayat; Khaerunisa, Arini; Jayantie, Dhyneu Dwi
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.111-118.2025

Abstract

Antiaging serum is a cosmetic to prevent skin damage due to aging factors. The antiaging serum from the combination of ceremai fruit extract (Phylanthus acidus) and watermelon peel (Citrullus lanatus) has been tested ad an antioxidant, antihyperpigmentation and anti-wrinkle activities. However, its efficacy, safety, and toxicity had not yet been tested in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate these parameters using four groups of rats over four weeks. Two formulations (F1 and F2) contained the combination of ceremai fruit extract and watermelon peel, while the negative control (NC) used only the base serum, and the positive control (PC) contained a known antiaging compound. Results showed that all formulations affected moisture content, pigmentation, collagen, and skin elasticity. Notably, F2 demonstrated the most effective outcomes: it increased skin moisture by 11.2%, improved elasticity by 10.6%, enhanced collagen levels by 14.7%, and reduced pigmentation by 21.1%, without stimulating excess sebum. These results were significantly different from the negative control (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the F2 serum toxicity test showed no toxic symptoms to the test animals because there was no irritation
Natural Antioxidant Potential of Cassia siamea Flowers: Influence of Solvents on Phytochemicals and Activity jusman, jusman; Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.119-127.2025

Abstract

This study meticulously investigates the pivotal influence of solvent polarity on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant efficacy derived from Cassia siamea flower extracts. Employing three solvents across a polarity gradient n-hexane (non-polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), and ethanol (polar) the extracts were rigorously evaluated via qualitative phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity determination using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Phytochemical richness was quantified based on the presence thresholds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, while antioxidant potential was established through IC50​ value calculations. Remarkably, the results unveiled a strong, direct correlation underpinning solvent polarity, phytochemical yield, and measurable bioactivity. The ethanol extract decisively exhibited the highest phytochemical richness and the most potent radical-scavenging activity, yielding an IC50​ of 18.43 ppm, significantly outperforming ethyl acetate (39.87 ppm) and n-hexane (70.12 ppm). Supporting this evidence, visual analysis utilizing heatmaps, scatter plots, and dual-axis charts further substantiated the pronounced inverse relationship between phytochemical richness and IC50​ values. These compelling findings confirm that more polar solvents are inherently superior for extracting critical antioxidant-active compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolics. Consequently, ethanol stands out as the optimal solvent for maximizing both chemical diversity and biological efficacy. This research contributes substantial insights for refining extraction methodologies. It robustly supports the application of ethanol-based extracts in developing high-value antioxidant formulations across the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical sectors
Antiepileptic Drug Prescribing Patterns and Seizure Control Among Outpatients with Epilepsy at a Public Hospital in Indonesia Faqih, Muhammad; Cholisoh, Zakky; Seftiyanti , Nirma; Nugraheni, Ambar Yunita; Azmi, Rizki Nur
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.156-166.2025

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy affects nearly 50 million people globally, including approximately 700,000–1.4 million in Indonesia, with 70,000 new cases reported annually. Objective: This study aimed to determine antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing patterns and to examine their association with seizure control outcomes in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 185 outpatient prescriptions. Data on patient demographics, seizure frequency, and AED regimens were collected. Patterns of monotherapy and polytherapy were analyzed descriptively, and seizure control was compared using chi-square analysis. Results: Of the patients evaluated, 48.6% were male and 51.4% female. Monotherapy was prescribed in 51.4% of patients, predominantly valproic acid (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT). Polytherapy was used in 48.6% of patients, with the most common combinations being VPA + carbamazepine (CBZ) and PHT + VPA. Seizure-free control within six months was achieved in 34.6% of patients. A significant association was found between therapy regimen and seizure control (p = 0.040), with poor control more frequent in polytherapy (73.3%) than monotherapy (57.9%). Patients on polytherapy had twice the risk of poor seizure control (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.08–3.72). Conclusion: Valproic acid remains the most prescribed AED for monotherapy, while phenytoin–valproic acid combinations are frequent in polytherapy. Polytherapy was associated with poorer seizure control, highlighting the importance of individualized AED selection and rational drug utilization in epilepsy management
Evaluation of Chitosan as a Natural Disintegrant in the Formulation of Aspirin Orally Disintegrating Tablets nawangsari, Desy; Alfianto, Hazim Fikri; Pujianti, Ayu; Rahmawati, Nur; Kadarani, Deva Krisna
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.128-137.2025

Abstract

Aspirin is an antiplatelet that is used for the therapy and prevention of stroke, many strokes occur in elderly people. Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) can be dissolved quickly making it easier for geriatric patients to swallow. This study aims to determine the effect of variation in the concentration of chitosan as a disintegrating agent on the physical properties of ODT aspirin. Aspirin ODT tablets were produced by direct compression in 3 formulas with variations of chitosan of 3.5%, 7% and 14%. The results showed that a chitosan concentration of 3.5% yielded optimal tablet properties: disintegration time of 23.66 seconds, friability of 0.41%, and dissolution of 96.81%. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the formulations in terms of in hardness (p = 0.027), friability (p = 0.010) and disintegration time (p = 0.000). The disintegration mechanism of chitosan involves swelling, wicking, and strain recovery. At lower concentrations, chitosan promotes rapid water uptake and particle expansion, facilitating fast breakdown of the tablet matrix. In contrast, higher chitosan levels may induce gel formation that hinders water penetration, thus delaying disintegration. In conclusion, chitosan at a concentration of 3.5% effectively functions as a natural disintegrant in aspirin ODTs, offering rapid disintegration and high dissolution, which is suitable for geriatric patients with swallowing difficulties.
Cost-Effectiveness of ACTH vs. ACT Chemotherapy Regimens at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Aulia Zahara Rizki, Nadiatul; Permatasari, Dita; Handayani, Fitri; Asra, Ridho; Fitria, Najmiatul
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.138-144.2025

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and is often diagnosed at a late stage, especially in Indonesia. This highlights the need for cost-effective treatment options. ACT (Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, and Taxane) and ACTH (ACT plus Herceptin/Trastuzumab) are used chemotherapy regimens, but studies comparing their cost-effectiveness are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ACT versus ACTH for breast cancer treatment using tumor volume reduction. Method: A retrospective cost-effectiveness study was carried out at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital by comparing direct medical costs and tumor volume changes in breast cancer patients treated with ACT or ACTH regimens. Effectiveness was based on the average change in tumor volume, and cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Results: The mean tumor volume reduction in the ACT group was 2820.85 ± 11190.42 cm³, and significantly higher at 9273.50 ± 60101.33 cm³ in ACTH, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.614). The average direct medical cost for ACTH was IDR 67,138,579, compared to IDR 13,005,027 for ACT. The ICER calculation resulted in IDR-838,935 per cm³ of tumor reduction, while the negative ICER might suggest cost savings, it does not imply that ACTH is a dominant strategy indicating that ACTH incurred a higher cost with less effectiveness per unit of tumor reduction than ACT. Conclusion: The high associated cost leads to a negative ICER, suggesting that ACT may be more cost-effective in this setting. These findings are critical for optimizing chemotherapy choices within limited healthcare budgets.
Optimization of Xanthorrhizol Nanoemulsion Formulation Using The Design of Experiment Approach (Box-Behnken Methods) Salsabila Az-zahra, Naiya; Hasanah, Uswatul; Nofita, Rahmi
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.167-177.2025

Abstract

Nanoemulsion is an effective drug delivery system to enhance the penetration of active substances. Xanthorrhizol (XNT) shows potential as an anti-aging agent with collagenesis activity and photo-aging inhibition, but its lipophilic nature limits skin penetration and reduces its effectiveness in reaching the stratum corneum. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the formulation of xanthorrhizol nanoemulsion using the Design of Experiment (DoE) statistical approach with the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method on the Design Expert® software. The optimization in this study involved three independent variables (X): (X₁) the concentration of Smix (Tween 80 and PEG 400), (X₂) stirring time, and (X₃) stirring speed. The responses (Y) evaluated to determine the optimization outcome were (Y₁) percent transmittance (%T) and (Y₂) pH. Based on the optimization results, the base formula with the amount of Smix 60%, stirring speed 875 rpm and stirring time 15 minutes gave a 98.4%T response and pH 7.05. The xanthorrhizol nanoemulsion formula was yellow in color and had a distinctive xanthorrhizol odor. The formulation exhibited a globule size of 13.76 ± 0.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.059 ± 0.000, and a zeta potential of −48.03 ± 1.423 mV. It also showed 95.5 ± 0.31% transmittance, had a pH of 7.12 ± 0.01, and was classified as an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion remained stable after freeze-thaw and centrifugation tests, with an entrapment efficiency of 58.6%. Based on these findings, the developed formulation can be considered a promising nanoemulsion system for xanthorrhizol delivery
Formulation and Physical Characterization of Chewable Gummy from Galangal Rhizome Extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) as a Nutraceutical Product Andarifera, Alya Zahira; Zaini, Erizal; Yosmar, Rahmi; Fitriani, Lili
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.145-155.2025

Abstract

The Kaempferia galanga L rizhome (kencur) extract, known in traditional use as an appetite enhancer, was developed into chewable gummy preparations as a nutraceutical product. Due to the taste and odor of extract from natural plants caused less preferable to consume. Therefore the formulation of chewable gummy was addressed to overcome this problem. This study formulated gummy with a concentration of 2% galangal extract and gelatin as gelling agent with concentration variations of 10% (F1), 12.5% (F2), and 15% (F3). The evaluation of the physical properties of galangal rhizome extract chewable gummy included swelling ratio, syneresis, organoleptic, weight diversity, and texture profile analysis (TPA). In addition, a hedonic test was conducted to determine the level of panelist preference. The results revealed that the higher the gelatin concentration, the more significant the changes in the physical properties of gummies. An increase in gelatin plays a crucial role in forming a denser and more stable preparation structure. This impacts the texture regarding chewiness and increase the hardness. The result of TPA showed a significant differences (p<0.05) in the parameters of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness between the three formulations. The results of the hedonic test showed that F3 was the most preferred by the panelists. Based on these results, a gelatin concentration of 15% is recommended for the formulation of chewable gummy galangal rhizome extract.
Pengaruh Konseling Apoteker Terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Antidiabetes dan Kontrol Glikemik pada Pasien Diabetes Nufus, Hayatun; Dalimunthe, Aminah; Wiryanto, Wiryanto
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.178-185.2025

Abstract

Controlling blood glucose is paramount in diabetes management, yet medication non-adherence often hinders optimal outcomes. This study investigated the impact of pharmacist counseling on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels and medication adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients within a rural primary healthcare setting. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was employed with 112 T2DM outpatients from Puskemas Simpang Mamplam, Bireuen City, Aceh, Indonesia, from March to April 2024. Medication adherence was assessed using the MARS-10 Questionnaire, and FBG levels were measured via finger prick. The majority of participants were female (79.5%), aged 41-60 (45.5%, mean age 55.70 ± 10.07 years), with secondary education (43.8%), predominantly sedentary/inactive workers (60.7%), and reported low-income (38.4%). Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank Test. Following counseling, which was provided every two weeks over the two-months period, the mean medication adherence score significantly increased (p < 0.001) from 3.150 ± 0.942 to 8.790 ± 1.297. FBG levels also significantly decreased (p<0.05), from an initial mean of 308.98 ± 72.995 to 220.42 ± 68.547 at two weeks, 162.36 ± 50.191 at four weeks, and 130.00 ± 27.774 at six weeks. These findings suggest that pharmacist counseling significantly improves both medication adherence (p < 0.001) and glycemic control (FBG decrease, p < 0,05) in T2DM patients.

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