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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT REAKTIFITAS KATALIS DASAR BESI JENIS LIMONIT DAN PIRIT PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Muhammad Hanif; Hartiniati Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1526

Abstract

The effect of a highly dispersed limonite synthetic catalyst and natural pyritecatalyst on the liquefaction of Yallourn coal in relation to thetransformation into pyrrhotite (Fe1-x S) was examined and compared. Thestudy suggests that γ-FeOOH catalyst can be transformed into smallerpyrrhotite at lower temperatures around 250oC, and therefore promotes theactivation of gaseous hydrogen notably at the heating stage up to 450oC.Keeping H2S concentration at approximately 0.1vol% in the gas phase wasfound to be an effective way of maintaining the liquefaction activity of therecycle catalyst, due to the restraint of both troilite formation and theagglomeration of pyrrhotite. The study also demonstrates that a high oilyield over 60wt% daf can be obtained successfully in the coal liquefaction ofYallourn coal with the reduction of catalyst γ-Fe00H loading.Kata Kunci : pyrrhotite, troilite, coal liquefaction, pyrite
EVALUASI KINERJA KATALIS LIMONIT SOROAKO PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN Lambok Hilarius Silalahi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1527

Abstract

Investigation of Limonite for catalyst on South Banko coal liquefaction werecarried out under standard condition which has developed by BPPT. LimoniteSoroako is a natural mineral that found at Nickel Mining on Soroako, SouthSulawesi.Four samples of limonite was examined using 5L autoclave at our coalliquefaction laboratory in order to investigate their activities to produce highdistillate yield at standard condition (450oC, 9MPa cold H2).The results showedthat limonite S99-E-MY gave a higher distillate yield than those of other limonite(difference about 10-30%daf coal or %bkta). Further investigations wereconducted to compare with other catalysts: synthetic g–FeOOH and pyrite (FeS2).Again, the activity of limonite S99-E-MY was still superior compared to those ofsynthetic and pyrite catalysts. The yield difference was about 10-16%daf coal or%bkta).Experiment revealed that the factor of FeOOH critically affected the coalliquefaction reaction to improve the distillate yield and to reduce CLB yield.Besides, the representative of Co metal in the limonite (≥5-10 %bk) could givesynergism effect with FeOOH to improve the activity of limonite.Kata Kunci: g–FeOOH, pyrite (FeS2), limonite, soroako, coal liquefaction
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NIKEL PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ALAMI LIMONIT Yusnitati Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1528

Abstract

Coal liquefaction of brown coal from South Banko coal was conducted using 5 Lautoclave batch reactor. the effect of nickel addition on the activity of naturallimonite catalyst from Soroako was investigated by comparing the amount ofnickel addition to the reaction.Tthis study showed that original nickel ferritepresent in natural limonite did not play a significant role in increasing the activityof iron compounds in limonite. This study was also pointed out that ironcompound (α-FeOOH) was the major compound for obtaining high oil yield inliquefaction of low rank coal.Kata kunci: liquefaction, low rank coal, nickel ferrite, soroako limonite
PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN Yuli Artanto; Yusnitati Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1529

Abstract

Investigation of Limonite for catalyst on South Banko coal liquefaction werecarried out under standard condition which has developed by BPPT.Limonite Soroako is a natural mineral that found at Nickel Mining onSoroako, South Sulawesi. Four samples of limonite was examined using 5Lautoclave at our coal liquefaction laboratory in order to investigate theisactivities to produce high distillate yield at standard condition (450oC, 9MPacold H2). The results showed that limonite SYY-E-MY gave a higher distillateyield than those of other limonite (difference about 10-30%daf coal or%bkta). Further investigations were conducted to compare with othercatalysts: synthetic g –FeOOH and pyrite (FeS2). Again, the activity of limonitS99-E-MY was still superior compared to those of synthetic and pyritecatalysts. The yield difference was about 10-16%daf coal or %bkta).Experiment revealed that the factor of FeOOH critically affected the coalliquefaction reaction to improve the distillate yield and to reduce CLB yield.Besides, the representative of Co metal in the limonite (≥5-10 %bk) couldgive synergism effect with FeOOH to improve the activity of limonite.
ECONOMICS OF BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS FOR BANKO COAL Masaaki Tamura; Yuli Artanto; Lambok H Silalahi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v2i1.1530

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengenai ringkasan analisis keekonomian pabrik komersial pinoirpencairan batubara Banko yang dibangun di Sumatera Selatan. Pabrik komersialtersebut diasumsikan mempunyai kapasitas of 6,000 t/d, 12,000t/d and 30,000t/dcoal (daf). Sejak batubara Banko ditemukan mahal jika diangkut jarak jauhkarena kadar airnya dan sifat pembakaran spontan, lokasi pabrik darusditempatan di mulut tambang Banko Selatan (Tanjung Agung). Proses gasifikasientrained HYCOAL menggunakan batubara Banko diadopsi untuk pemabngkithydrogen. Produk minyak diangkut dengan dikapalkanmelalui rute pemipaanganda Tanjung Agung/Plaju (approx. 202 km) dan Tanjung Agung/Tanjung Api-Api(sekitar. 265 km). Total batubara Banko yang dibutuhkan pabrik 12,000 t/haritermasuk untuk gasifikasi dan boiler 39,500 ton/hari. Harga batubara diset dalam3 kategori yaitu US$11, US$12, and USD$13 per ton. Biaya konstruksi untukpabrik komersial 6.000, 12.000 and 30.000 ton/hari adalah berturut-turutUS$1.429juta, US$2.521juta, and US$5.385juta (1US$=120yen= Rp.9,500). .Analisa ekonomi berdasarkan metode DCF terhadap pabrik komersial 12,000 tonper hari menghasilkan produk minyak setara minyak mentah senilaiUS$ 22.5/bbl (FOB Plaju) and US$ 22.6/bbl (FOB Tanjung Api-Api) pada tahun2011, saat pabrik mulai beroperasi.Keywords: batubara Banko, HYCOAL, pencairan batubara
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECT IN KALIMANTAN Hartiniati Hartiniati; Muhammad Hanif; Masaki Tamura; Shunichi Yanai; Takuo Shigehisa
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1531

Abstract

Tulisan ini secara ringkas nejelaskan studi kelayakan pabrik pencairan batubaraperingkat rendah yang berlokasi di dekat pantai Kalimantan Selatan (coastalCase) sebagai alternatif lokasi dari studi kelayakan yang sebelumnya dilaksanaanuntuk lokasi pedalaman di Banko, Sumatera Selatan (inland case). Tujuan utamastudi ini, pertama untuk menginvestigasi efek lokasi pabrik terhadap keekonomianproyek, dan kedua untuk mengidentifikasi poetnsi kelayakan proyek pencairanbatubara pabrik pabrik komersial pionir di Indonesia. Didandingkan dengan aksuspedalaman, lokasi dekat pantai mempunyai keunggulan dari segi penghematanbiaya konstruksi dan biaya transportasi sampai dengan 10%. Analisis finansialdengan metode DCF telah memberikan hasil yang menjanjikan bahwa pabrikpionir kapasitas 12.000 ton per hari sudah dapat memproduksi bahan bakarminyak bersih dari batubara bersih tahun 2011, pada tingkat harga US$ 23.3/bbl(FOB, Berau Lati) and US$ 26.1/bbl (FOB, Mulia Satui) dengan harga aktual(COE=1.0). Pabrik pinoir dengan kapasitas kecil (3.000 tob per hari) masih dinilailayak dengan insentif berupa harga batubar alebih rendah, bunga pinjaman llunakdan lainnya.Keywords: banko coal, mulia satui, berau lati, metode DCF, pencairan batubara
UPGRADING KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN KATALIS NiMo SULFIDA Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti; Hartiniati Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1532

Abstract

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) middle distillate (b.p.300 – 420 oC) was performed over NiMo sulfides catalysts. The hydrotreatmentwas conducted in an autoclave of 50 ml capacity under the conditions of 340 –420 oC, 60 and 120 min and initial hydrogen pressure of 5 – 10 MPa. Thehydrotreatment reduced the contents of all heteroatom species (S, N and O).Sulfur species were easiest to be removed, while nitrogen species were mostrefractory. Reactivities of some representative heteroatom species weremeasured to find the refractory species in coal liquid by GC-AED. Carbonsupported catalyst was compared to alumina supported one confirming its higheractivity for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation.Kata kunci: coal liquid, middle distillate, Katalis NiMo, hydrotreatment,heteroatom, GC-AED, hidrodesulfurisasi, hidrodeoksigenasi,hidrodenitrogenasi
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA KONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI Hartiniati Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1533

Abstract

A hydroconversion catalytic process of Indonesian petroleum residue from Plaju(UP IV) refinery plant was investigated. A series of liquefaction tests using a 1liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under reference condition e.i.: initial hydrogenpressure of 12 MPa and 2.0 of atomic ratio of sulfur to iron were conducted. Theinfluence of the temperature of 430,450,470oC and the reaction time of 30,60,90minute was used and compare the yield structure of each run. It was found thatthe oil yield and gases CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon yield increased significantly bythe increasing of the temperature reaction and holding time. While, the liquidbottom yield had a tendency to decrease which reversely to the oil yield. It alsoappeared that hydrogen consumption would tend to increase with increasing oilyield, leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. As a result, thehydroconversion catalytic process could be applied to upgrade petroleum residuewhich indicated by increasing oil yield in mild condition.Kata Kunci: hidrokonversi katalitik, residu minyak bumi
PEMANFAATAN RESIDU KILANG MINYAK PLAJU SEBAGAI PELARUT PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA (Co-Processing) Muhamad Hanif Rasyid; Herman Hidayat
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1534

Abstract

This study presents the investigation on the reactivity of vacuum oil residue(VOR) as solvent in Banko coal liquefaction, so called “Co-processing”. Processsolvent derived from BSU tests is used as reference solvent in this study. Theliquefaction tests are carried out using a gas-flow type autoclave (5L) with 200gcoal (daf), 400g of coal-derived solvent (b.p.300-420 oC), 1.0-3.0 wt% daf as Feof catalyst and elemental sulfur (S/Fe atomic ratio of 2.0) at 14.7MPa, 450oC for60min under a constant gas flow of H2-0.5%H2S. The study suggests that VORas solvent is much more reactive than process solvent under the same condition.Therefore the co-processing gives higher oil yield than coal liquefaction usingprocess solvent derived from BSU tests. It also produces lower CLB, CO+CO2and hydrocarbons yields. This indicates that there is a synergism effect betweenthe VOR as a donor solvent and the coal. The molecular structure of VOR at thefirst time was decomposed into molecular fragments. These fragments were thenattached onto the coal’s structure and lead to decompose the structure of thecoal. It was also found that co-processing consumed less hydrogen gas thanreference liquefaction process. In short, this finding obtained in this study cangive promising sight for implementing the coal liquefaction plant in Indonesia at acommercial scale.Kata kunci: vacuum oil residue, Banko, liquefaction, co-processing reactive,synergism effect
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN TANITO HARUM SEBAGAI EFEK KERJA KATALIS LOGAM TRANSISI Muhammad Hanif; Adiarso Adiarso
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1535

Abstract

Characterization of two oil derived from Indonesian lower-rank coals from SouthBanko (SB) and Tanito Harum (TH) were carried out after liquefied in thepresence of nickel/molybdenum (Ni/Mo) and cobalt/ molybdenum (Co/Mo)catalysts without added solvent. Both coals treated with Ni/Mo have highconversion than those treated with Co/Mo when reacted with hydrogen withinitial pressure of 6MPa at 400oC for 30 minutes. However, with sulfur (CS2)added, the difference between Ni/Mo and Co/Mo catalysts for conversion of bothcoals is eliminated. SB-coal exhibits better conversion than that of Ni/Mo orCo/Mo-treated TH-coal. This probably due to the structure of TH coal is morecondensed and stronger than that of SB coal. The effect of single metal (Ni, Coor Mo separately) could explain the different conversion between Ni/Mo andCo/Mo with and without sulfur and also the difference between SB and TH whenthey reacted with Ni/Mo and Co/Mo with and without added sulfur. The order ofeffectiveness for SB, when it reacted in the absence of sulfur, was decreasedfrom Ni>Mo>Co. But the order was shifted to Mo>>Ni>Co. The similar order wasalso found for TH coal under the same conditions. The study also shows thatreactivity of SB coal was higher than that of TH coal. This results in better yield offuels. Fortunately, the TH coal is still potentially developed for introducing theefficient process of sub bituminous coal liquefaction in Indonesia.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, katalis Ni/Mo, Banko, Tanito Harum

Page 26 of 33 | Total Record : 322

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