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INDONESIA
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 02169541     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Energy
Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 322 Documents
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EFISIENSI ENERGI TERMAL SISTEM BOILER DI INDUSTRI Achmad Hasan
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i2.1536

Abstract

Energy efficiency is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Supplies of gas / diesel fuel oil for boiler feed of 1.4537million m3 per year with a calorific value of 6 tons / hour and 900 liters of diesel oilper year. Thermal energy used in the production process in industry (in case:PT.Classic Prima Carpet Industries) divided into thermal energy in the form of hotwater vapor (steam) and the other in the form of natural gas. Energy is producedfrom 2 (two) units of gas boilers and steam boilers each with a capacity of 6 tons/ hour, in which the steam boiler in a state of stand-by and operated only whenproduction increases.Kata kunci: energi, efisiensi, termal, boiler, penghematan, konversi, konservasi
ECONOMICS OF BCL PROCESS FOR BERAU AND MULIA COAL IN KALIMANTAN Lambok Hilarius Silalahi; Masaaki Tamura; Shunichi Yanai
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1537

Abstract

BPPT dan Kobe Steel telah berhasil melaksanakan studi kelayakan (1999-2001)pencairan batubara untuk memproduksi bahan bakar bersih dari batubara BAnkoSumatera Selatan. Pada tahun fiscal 2002 lokasi pabrik dan bahan umpan sudahdigantikan dengan lokasi tepi pantai. Tujuan utama studi untuk menginvestigasipengaruh lokasi pabrik terhadap keekonomian proyek, dan identifikasi kelayakanproyek pencairan batubara secara langsung sebagai pabrik komersal priponir diIndonesia. Tuisan ini membahas secara ringkas analisa keekonomian pabrik.Ditemukan kualitas batubara Mulia dan Berau mempunyai karakteristik pencairanyang superior, pabrik pencairan pionir seharusnya dibangun di tepi pantai.Terdapat reduksi yang signifikan dalam biaya konstruksi, shipping, dan biayatransportasi produk. Analisis financial berdasarkan metode DCFmerekomendasikan pabrik dengan kapasitas 12,000 ton per hari menghasilkanminyak batubara pada tahun 2011, pada tingkat harga US$ 23.3/bbl FOB BerauLati and US$ 26.1/bbl FOB Mulia Satui. Minyak batubara hasil pencairanbatubara Berau lebih murah dari Mulia karena batubara Berau kadar airnya lebihrendah dan struktur yield produk lebih baik. Pabrik pionir skala 3,000 ton per haridi Berau Lati mungkin layak jika diberikan insentif dapat menghasilkan hargayang lebih rendah, bunga pinjaman lebih rendah dan lainnya.Keywords: batubara berau, batubara mulia, pencairan batubara, kasus dekatpantai, sensitifitas, analisis keekonomian
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN YALLOURN SEBAGAI EFEK DARI PERUBAHAN SUPLAI HIDROGEN Yuli Artanto; Yusnitati Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1538

Abstract

A comparison of liquefaction characteristic of two brown coals (South Banko andYallourn coals) was studied. A 5L autoclave batch reactor was used under thecondition with temperature at 450 oC , reaction holding time 60 minutes. Theinitial hydrogen pressure was varied to compare the effect of different reactionpressure on the product perolehans. The oil yield for Banko Selatan and Yallournincreased 6% and 18%, respectively, by increasing initial hydrogen pressurefrom 10 MPa to 15 MPa. However in accordance with increasing pressure from15 MPa to 20 MPa, the yield did not change remarkably. On the other hand, theCLB perolehan was significantly decreased for both coals when the pressure wasincreased from 10 to 15MPa. Moreover, the CLB yield was abruptly decreasedwhen the hydrogen pressure drastically change to 20Mpa. It was found that theincreasing reaction pressure only affected to the yield of hydrocarbon gas slightlybut remarkably influenced the CO and CO2 gas production for Yallourn coal butnot for South Banko coal.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, south banko coal, yallourn coal, oil yield
PROSES KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN HYDROTREATMENT SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1539

Abstract

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) distillates wasstudied through single and two-stage hydrotreatment over a commercialNiMo/Al2O3 catalyst. The hydrotreatment was conducted in an autoclave of 50 mlcapacity under the conditions of 360 – 450 oC and 30 – 120 min at initialhydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. The hydrotreatment reduced the contents of allhetero-atom species (S, N and O). sulfur species were easiest to be removedeven at low temperature of 360 oC. In contrast nitrogen species were mostrefractory. The higher temperature and more amount of catalyst enhanced thedenitrogenation reaction. The two-stage hydrotreatment was more effective forthe denitrogenation and deoxygenation because of the fresh hydrogen in thesecond stage and the combination of lower and higher reaction temperature ateach stage.Kata kunci: hydrotreatment katalitik, heteroatom, single and two stagehydrotreatment, katalis, desulfurisasi, denitrogenasi,deoksigenasi, GC-AED
PROSES HIDROGENASI MINYAK BATUBARA UNTUK PEMENUHAN TARGET MUTU PASAR Dhani Avianto Sugeng
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1540

Abstract

A characterization of synthetic liquefied oil from coal was conducted to preparefor further treatment of its quality. One of few techniques in improving the coal oilis done through hydrotreatment process to remove its nitrogen, sulfur, oxygenand aromatics contents known as heteroatoms which make the oil stability notgood. Experiment using small-scale fixed bed reactor shows there is animprovement in the quality of recycle solvent used for coal liquefaction after firsthydrotreatment. coal slurry using first hydrotreated oil as solvent shows lowerviscosity than that of non-hydrotreated oil, and if mixed with coal from Banko, thecoal concentration could achieve as high as 50%. Nitrogen and sulfur contents inhydrotreated oil are reduced to negligible level and the storage stability isremarkably improved after hydrotreatment. The quality of fuel from secondhydrotreatment is still lower than that of petroleum productc in terms of ‘cetanenumber’, ‘smoke point’, contents of sulfur and aromatics.Kata kunci: hydrotreatment, smoke point, fixed bed reator, heteroatom,synthetic liquefied oil, recycle solvent
EVALUASI REAKTIFITAS KATALIS NiMo DALAM PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN AUSTRALIAN LOY YANG Hartiniati Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1541

Abstract

Indonesia South Banko (BS) and Australian Loy Yang (LY) were liquefied usingtwo hydrogenation catalysts, Ni/Mo and Co/Mo at mild condition (400oC, 6MPa(H2 cold)). The study shows that the use of Ni/Mo in hydrogenation for both BSand LY coals gives a higher total conversion, asphaltene and OGW (oil-gaswater)yields than that of Co/Mo. The use of Ni/Mo for LY coal hydrogenationgives higher total coanversion and asphaltene yield than SB coal. This suggeststhat SB has more condensed structure than LY coal. However, the amount of oilyield is similar for both coals. Furthermore, the use of Co/Mo for both coals alsogives almost equal result in total conversion, asphaltene and OGW yields.Addition of sulphur (as CS2) enhances the total conversion and OGW yield forboth catalysts Ni/Mo and Co/Mo. Sulphur addition on Ni/Mo treated coal did notimprove the asphaltene yield, but converted it into lower molecular weight.Adding sulphur could also improve total conversion for Co/Mo treated coal similarto Ni/Mo/CS2 treated coal. Increasing reaction time also improves the totalconversion, asphaltene and OGW yield. The reactivitiy of BS and LY in this studyis also dependent on their behaviour or characteristic, such the environment ofoxygen content in the macro structure of the coal.Kata kunci: south banko coal, australian loy yang coal, ni/mo catalyst, co/mocatalyst, asphaltene, coal liquefaction
PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN BAHAN BAKAR BATUBARA CAIR (BBBC) UNTUK MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI ENERGI Irawan Rahardjo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v4i1.1542

Abstract

A study of energy diversification in Indonesia and the how role of coalliquefaction if implemented w conducted. Liquified brown coal fuel (LBCF) is apotential alternative energy for substituting crude oil, which is processed toproduce synthetic fuel from coal. In addition, the government policy on reducingoil dependency makes the liquified brown coal fuel an option which must berealized soon. This paper reveals that LBCF is very prospective in order tosupport energy diversification program. In 2014 LBCF from Berau plant wouldsubstitute Balikpapan oil refinery throughput as much as 20% or about 57.99 PJ.It increases to 42.5% or 173.96 PJ in 2020. LPG produced as side product ofliquefaction plant could be used to support LPG supplied by LPG plant Aral andBadak and Balikpapan oil refinery. The amount of the substitution is increasingup to 56% in 2018, or at a rate of 19.52% per year.Kata kunci: coal liquefaction, diversification, liquid petroleum gas
FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON LIQUEFACTION OF KALIMANTAN BROWN COALS Hartiniati Hartiniati; Lambok Hlarius Silalahi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i2.1543

Abstract

Efek karakateristik batubara terhadap yield produk pencairan batubaradiinvetigasi menggunakan sampel batubara dari Berau (Lati dan Kelai), Mulia,Wara dan Kideco. Batubara Banko dari Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan,digunakan sebagai batubara rujukan. Pengujian pencairandilaksanakanmenggunakan gas-flow type autoclave (5L) dengan umpanbatubara 2002 (daf), pelarut batubara turunan (b.p.300-420oC) 400g, katalis Fe1.0-3.0 wt% (daf), elemen sulfur (rasio atom S/Fe 2.,0) pada tekanan 14.7MPa,suhu 450oC selama 60menit. Sampel limonit dari Soroako Indonesia dan YandiYellow dari Australia, yang terutama terdiri dari α-FeOOH, digunakan sebagaibahan katalis pada pengujian pencairan batubara. Studi ini merekomendasikanbertambahnya minyak yield akibat peningkatan kandungan oksigen dalambatubara, rasio atom H/C dan kandungan besi dalam batubara, mengingat besidalam batubara dapat berfungsi sebagai katalis dalam pencairan batubara.Limonit Soroako medium grade (MGL) menunjukkan aktifitas lebih tinggidibandingkan Yandi Yellow (YY) karena sifat transformasinya membentuk kristalkristalpyrrhotite (Fe1-XS), fase aktif dalam pencairan batubara. Sejumlahsenyawa nitrogen dan sulfur dalam minyak batubara telah berhasil dihilangkanmelalui proses hydrotreatment selanjutnya memperbaiki mutu produk.Keywords: pencairan, batubara berau, limonit, pyrrhotite, soroako,hydrotreatment
PENINGKATAN PEROLEHAN MINYAK EFEK RESIKEL RESIDU PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Muhammad Hanif
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i2.1544

Abstract

This paper presents the effect of recycle CLB (coal liquid bottom) on oil yieldfrom coal liquefaction process which contains of activated catalyst, organicresidue, and ash from coal. To recover activated catalyst from CLB is notextremely difficult but also very expensive. Therefore one possible way ofutilizing this activated catalyst and remaining convertible organic residue in CLBmore effectively is by recycling the CLB. As a result, the efficiency of coalliquefaction process can be improved significantly. Experiment using 1Lautoclave that's equipped with stirrer is conducted using Banko Coal at operatingtemperature of 450oC, initial hydrogen pressure of 12 MPa, and holding time 60min. Catalyst used in the experiment is medium grade limonite (MGL) fromSoroako with particle size less than 0.8 m and concentration of 3% mafc as Fe.Coal particle size is 200 mesh (74m).The experiment result suggests that CLBaddition can increase the oil yield of coal liquefaction. Recycle (additional) CLB of50 and 70wt% mafc can increase the oil yield from 25,71wt% mafc to 51,83 and65,7wt% mafc respectively.Kata kunci: hidrogenasi, likuifaksi, katalis, limonit, Soroako, pencairan batubara,CLB, daur ulang
KARAKTERISASI SECARA RINCI SENYAWA HETEROATOM DALAM FRAKSI RINGAN MINYAK BATUBARA TANITO HARUM DAN PRODUK MINYAK HASIL HYDROTREATMENT Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti; Lambok Hlarius Silalahi
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29122/elk.v3i2.1545

Abstract

Heteroatom compounds contained in coal oil Tanito Harum both before and afterhydrotreatment were identified using a gas feed chromatography with atomicemission detector (GC AED). Alkylated dibenzothiophenes benzothiophenes andsulfur compounds were found to be dominant in the original faction, his wholesuccessfully removed through hydrotreatment process on the condition of 350oC,10 MPa, and 60 min. Alkylated anilines, quinoline, indoles, and carbazoles foundin the original oil as nitrogen compounds. Two types of specific nitrogencompounds persist for hydrotreatment process underway and identifiedrespectively as C11H20N and C14H23N, based on the ratio of the element iscalibrated by GC-AED and the molecular weight was measured by GC-MS (massspectrometry). The empirical formula is very similar to such C11H19N andC14H23N, were detected by MS and NMR after concentrated by extraction. Somesulfur compounds present in non-aromatic fraction, while all nitrogen compoundsare completely concentrated in the aromatic fraction after separation byconventional chromatographic columns. There was also alkylated phenols,benzofurans and dibenzofurans were found as typical oxygen compounds in theoil.Kata Kunci: limonite catalyst; coal liquefaction, catalytic hydrotreating, liquefiedcoal oil, gas oil fraction, cetane index, octaen number

Page 27 of 33 | Total Record : 322

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