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Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

Enerlink
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 02169541 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Energy

Enerlink adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan 2 kali setahun oleh Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi dan Industri Kimia BPPT di bidang energi dan lingkungan. Enerlink is a scientific journal that publishes twice annually by Centre of Energy Technology and Chemical Industry of BPPT.

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Articles 322 Documents

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COAL UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY FOR INDONESIAN LIGNITE Silalahi, Lambok Hilarius; Deguchi, Tetsuya; Makino, Eiichiro
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Langkah strategis untuk promosi aplikasi teknologi upgrading lignit diIndonesia telah menjadi bahasan. Tulisan ini memberian pemikiran danpertimbangan cara-acra proosi teknologi yang sedang dalam proseskomersialisasi. Perubahan secara drastic suplai dan demand energi diselruhdunia telah mendorong Indonesia untuk mengkaji kebijakan berjalan untumengantisipasi perubahan di tahun-tahun mendatang. Salahs atu perubaanyang mendasar adalah meningkatnya demand batubara, selama batubaramasih dinilai sebagai bahanbakar yang paling ekonomis dibandingkan sumberenergy lainya, meskipun harga batubara masih cukup tinggi mengikuti hargabahan bakar minyak. Oleh karena batubara merupakan potensi terbesar didalam negeri, perubahan yang sangat mendasar kebijakan energi, khususnyamenyangkut pendayagunaan batubara peringkat rendah menjadi sangatpenting mengingat hampir 70% dari total cadangan batubara sebesar 57,8miliar ton merupaan batubara peringkat rendah. Indonesia telah menaikkanvolume ekspor batubara per tahun meskipun terjadi krisis ekonomi baru-baruini. Kebutuhan domestik batubara masih bersifat flat disebabkan krisis ekonomi.Diprediksi demand akan meningkat karena subsid bahan bakar minya secarabertahap akan dihapuskan dan batubara merupakan energy alternative.Mengingat situasi tersebut usaha promosi teknologi upgrading batubara sudahseharusnya dipercepat. Untuk itu diperlukan seleksi teknologi yang berpegangefektifitas biaya, ramah lingkungan dan menghasilkan produk batubara dengannilai kalor tinggi dan tidak mudah terbakar. Hasil pengoperasian pilot plant 5ton per hari yang terdapat di Palimanan,Cirebon, Jawa Barat yang merupakanproyek kerjasama Indonesia dengan Jepang, untuk konfirmasi kinerja enjiniringpada proses yang kontinyu juga menjadi topik bahasan dalam tulisan ini.Keywords: coal upgrading technology, upgrading brown coal, pilot plant, lowrank coal, Cirebon

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECT IN KALIMANTAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati; Hanif, Muhammad; Tamura, Masaki; Yanai, Shunichi; Shigehisa, Takuo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini secara ringkas nejelaskan studi kelayakan pabrik pencairan batubaraperingkat rendah yang berlokasi di dekat pantai Kalimantan Selatan (coastalCase) sebagai alternatif lokasi dari studi kelayakan yang sebelumnya dilaksanaanuntuk lokasi pedalaman di Banko, Sumatera Selatan (inland case). Tujuan utamastudi ini, pertama untuk menginvestigasi efek lokasi pabrik terhadap keekonomianproyek, dan kedua untuk mengidentifikasi poetnsi kelayakan proyek pencairanbatubara pabrik pabrik komersial pionir di Indonesia. Didandingkan dengan aksuspedalaman, lokasi dekat pantai mempunyai keunggulan dari segi penghematanbiaya konstruksi dan biaya transportasi sampai dengan 10%. Analisis finansialdengan metode DCF telah memberikan hasil yang menjanjikan bahwa pabrikpionir kapasitas 12.000 ton per hari sudah dapat memproduksi bahan bakarminyak bersih dari batubara bersih tahun 2011, pada tingkat harga US$ 23.3/bbl(FOB, Berau Lati) and US$ 26.1/bbl (FOB, Mulia Satui) dengan harga aktual(COE=1.0). Pabrik pinoir dengan kapasitas kecil (3.000 tob per hari) masih dinilailayak dengan insentif berupa harga batubar alebih rendah, bunga pinjaman llunakdan lainnya.Keywords: banko coal, mulia satui, berau lati, metode DCF, pencairan batubara

IDENTIFIKASI PRODUK TURUNAN HYDROPROCESSING MODEL MINYAK SINTETIS BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN GC-FID/NPD/MS Hanif, Muhammad; Yusnitati, Yusnitati; Nataadmadja, Nasikin
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

An analysis of identifying a derivative product of liquefied coal modelhydroprocessing was conducted. For that purpose, an integration gaschromatography flame ionization-nitrogen phosphorous detector and massspectrometry (GC-FID/NPD/MS) was used. Hydroprocessing process wasperformed by vibrating micro autoclave tipe batch using Ni-W/Alumina catalystunder initial hydrogen pressure 6 MPa, reaction temperature 375oC and one hourretention time. The analysis result showed that the predominant reaction werehydrogenation, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO).The HDO of methyl phenol and ethyl phenol took place faster than the otherhydroprocessing reactions such as HDN of quinoline and aromatic hydrogenation(butyl benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene dan pyrene). This indicates that thehydrogenation reaction or the cleavage of C-O bonding took place very fast thatalkyl could not be detected in the oil. The HDN reaction or the cleavage of C-Ntook place slower but the the nitrogen containing compound vanished faster dueto selective adsorption of the catalyst. However the hydrogenation reaction ofmono-aromatic took place faster than poly-aromaticKata kunci: gas chromatography, identifikasi senyawa, model minyak sintetis

PENGARUH SENYAWA NITROGEN PADA DESULFURISASI MINYAK DIESEL DENGAN KATALIS NIMO/AL2O3 DAN COMO/AL2O3 Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Faizal, Muhammad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Inhibiting effect of nitrogen compounds in petroleum diesel (gas oil) on theperformance of the catalyst NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 uponhydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been investigated using an autoclave reactor.Operating conditions used was 340oC temperature and initial pressure 50 kg/cm2H2. Oil sample used was diesel oil and diesel oil-free nitrogen. Stages of thereaction between hydrogen replacement is intended to find out more about otherinhibiting effects derived from byproducts such as H2S and NH3. The entirecompound in diesel oil was analyzed by GC-AED before and afterhydrotreatment. Catalysts NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 showed different activityin HDS and the effect of nitrogen compounds. In principle, the HDS to type withhighly reactive sulfur / reactive will be more resistant to inhibiting properties ofnitrogen than sulfur compounds are hard to react (refractory). In contrast, forcatalysts showed como real effect of nitrogen compounds. One of refractorycompounds are 4,6-dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), can effectivelyhydrogenated by the removal of hydrogen compounds and renewal nitrogen onthe HDS. This result shows the synergistic effect due to dischargesimultaneously both types of block. Furthermore, in brief reactive nitrogencompounds in the HDS also discussed in this paper.Kata kunci: hydrodesulfurisasi, hambatan senyawa nitrogen, katalisNiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3, GC-AED

PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISIS UMUR PAKAI LAMPU LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) SWABALAST UNTUK PENCAHAYAAN UMUM Palaloi, Sudirman
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 11, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur pakai lampu LED swabalast yang saat ini banyak digunakan untuk penerangan umum. Jumlah sampel yang diuji sebanyak 59 unit dengan daya 2 s.d 13 watt dari berbagai merek. Metode pengujian mengacu pada standar SNI IEC 62612:2013. Kuat cahaya awal diukur sebagai titik data pertama dalam menentukan umur pakai lampu. Umur pakai lampu LED ditentukan dengan cara menyalahkan lampu selama 6000 jam dengan pengukuran kuat cahaya setiap 1000 jam. Hasil pengukuran kuat cahaya selama 6000 jam dibuat grafik hubungan antara kuat cahaya terhadap umur lampu. Lampu yang memiliki penurunan kuat cahaya maksimum 10% setelah menyala 6000 jam dimasukkan dalam kategori A. Penurunan kuat cahaya hingga 20% masuk kategori B, dan seterusnya lampu yang kuat cahayanya menurun hingga 50% dimasukkan dalam katerogori E. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ada sekitar 25,4% masuk ke dalam kategori A, sebanyak 40,7% masuk kategori B. Sedangkan kategori C dan D masing-masing sebanyak 24,7% dan 6,8%. Terdapat 3,4% lampu tidak masuk dalam kategori karena pada saat pengujian 6000 jam, prosentasi kuat cahaya di bawah 50%. Hasil ekstrapolasi secara statistik didapatkan umur pakai lampu tersebut rata-rata pada kisaran 20.500 jam. Kata kunci: lampu LED, kuat cahaya, efikasi, umur pakai

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PABRIK BATUBARA CAIR Fatimah, Nevi; Soleh, Soleh
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Coal liquefaction process ( BCL Process) becide produce liquid fuel also liquidwaste that contains amonia, phenols and other organic matter in highconcentration. This waste must be proceess before releasing to the environmen.Tthe processing system to treat the waste must efficient and competent toovercome some problems may occur during processing. In this paper will discussthe investigation and experiment for liquid waste treatment designed for coalliquefaction plant.This plant will produce amonia by stripping, phenol by solventextraction that will be reduction by fluidization media system. This system wasapplied for Brown Coal Liquefaction (Victoria) Pty. Ltd and showed very effectiveto cacth phenols and others organic matter.Kata kunci: waste treatment, coal liquefaction plant, coal liquefied oil

KARAKTERISASI SECARA RINCI SENYAWA HETEROATOM DALAM FRAKSI RINGAN MINYAK BATUBARA TANITO HARUM DAN PRODUK MINYAK HASIL HYDROTREATMENT Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Heteroatom compounds contained in coal oil Tanito Harum both before and afterhydrotreatment were identified using a gas feed chromatography with atomicemission detector (GC AED). Alkylated dibenzothiophenes benzothiophenes andsulfur compounds were found to be dominant in the original faction, his wholesuccessfully removed through hydrotreatment process on the condition of 350oC,10 MPa, and 60 min. Alkylated anilines, quinoline, indoles, and carbazoles foundin the original oil as nitrogen compounds. Two types of specific nitrogencompounds persist for hydrotreatment process underway and identifiedrespectively as C11H20N and C14H23N, based on the ratio of the element iscalibrated by GC-AED and the molecular weight was measured by GC-MS (massspectrometry). The empirical formula is very similar to such C11H19N andC14H23N, were detected by MS and NMR after concentrated by extraction. Somesulfur compounds present in non-aromatic fraction, while all nitrogen compoundsare completely concentrated in the aromatic fraction after separation byconventional chromatographic columns. There was also alkylated phenols,benzofurans and dibenzofurans were found as typical oxygen compounds in theoil.Kata Kunci: limonite catalyst; coal liquefaction, catalytic hydrotreating, liquefiedcoal oil, gas oil fraction, cetane index, octaen number

PROSPEK BRIKET BATUBARA LIGNIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA DAN INDUSTRI KECIL Tirtosoekotjo, Soedjoko; Rahardjo, Bambang Suwondo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Market coal briquette compartment in Indonesia is estimated still big enough,considering kerosene and firewood which was usually used as small industrialand rural household sector fuel progressively scarce and costly if withoutsubsidy. Coal briquette of lignit made of low rank coal without carbonizationprocess and without binder, so that can become alternative fuel which iscompetitif, safe, efficient and environmental friendliness. Volatile matter contentcan be decreased by using special design of stove to burn it by fire tongue on thesurface of stove to yield completely combustion. Continueing usage of coalbriquette as alternative fuel substitution of kerosene and or firewood especially inrural, can be conducted by given system and sustanable supply guarantee,quality improvement, economical charcoal burner device of the environmentalfriendly, efficiently and routine promotion activities.Kata kunci: briket lignit, bahan bakar alternatif, rumah tangga industri kecil

EFISIENSI ENERGI TERMAL SISTEM BOILER DI INDUSTRI Hasan, Achmad
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Energy efficiency is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Supplies of gas / diesel fuel oil for boiler feed of 1.4537million m3 per year with a calorific value of 6 tons / hour and 900 liters of diesel oilper year. Thermal energy used in the production process in industry (in case:PT.Classic Prima Carpet Industries) divided into thermal energy in the form of hotwater vapor (steam) and the other in the form of natural gas. Energy is producedfrom 2 (two) units of gas boilers and steam boilers each with a capacity of 6 tons/ hour, in which the steam boiler in a state of stand-by and operated only whenproduction increases.Kata kunci: energi, efisiensi, termal, boiler, penghematan, konversi, konservasi

PENCAIRAN BATUBARA LIGNIT DAN SUBBITUMINOUS DENGAN DUA SISTEM REAKTAN BERBEDA TANPA KATALIS DAN PELARUT Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

This study of coal liquefaction in the absence of catalyst and solvent wasconducted. In this research a comparison of two different coals was carried out tosee characteristic of each coal on the liquefaction reaction. The effect ofhydrogen and CO/H2O were also checked to understand the mechanism of theprocess. Lignite or brown coal from Tanjung Enim and sub bituminous coal fromEast Kalimantan are used in this study. The results suggest that increase in coalrank from lignite to sub bituminous did not alter the conversion significantly.Surprisingly, the reduction in conversion of sub bituminous coal by its inorganicand mineral content noted for hydrogenation reactions (with added tetralin) is notobserved in CO/H2O reactions. For lignite, there is a tendency for conversion toincrease.Kata kunci: lignit, sub bituminous coal, non solvent hydrogenation

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