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TSAQAFAH

tsaqafah
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Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor

ISSN : 14110334 EISSN : 24600008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

TSAQAFAH (pISSN: 1411-0334 | eISSN: 2460-0008) is journal of Islamic civilization published by University of Darussalam Gontor. It is semiannual journal published in May and November for the developing the scientific ethos. Editors accept scientific articles and result of research in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic Civilization, such as: Islamic Philosophy, Islam and Contemporary Issues, Religious Studies, Islamic Science, Islamic Economics, Islamic education, Qur’anic Studies, Islamic Law, and Islamic Ethics

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Articles 590 Documents

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Tajdid dan Modernisasi Pemikiran Islam Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol 9, No 2 (2013): Islamic Ethics
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Along with development of era, there are many problems of Muslim peoples that did not exist in Prophet’s Era of Muhammad SAW. These problems require an exact and quick solution. One of the media that possible as solution is tajdid and ijtihad. Tajdid is retrieval effort of Islamic doctrine and precepts that have been forgotten or abandoned by Muslims and then reformed to be better. Tajdid is not create some new doctrines in Islam, but restore it to Prophet’s Era of Muhammad SAW and the Four of Caliphs with considering to the situation and condition. Meanwhile, ijtihad is outpouring all powers and abilities to formulating and applying Islamic laws in branch issues and problems that appears in Islamic laws. The problem that occurred is similarization between tajdid’s movement and modernization that affiliated to the western secular tradition. Whereas, the meaning between both of it too different so that brings the different implication if it applied in Islam. The modernization in Islam is a movement to integrated Islam and modern sciences (western). As a consequence, Islam has to adapt its doctrines and principles to what western wants. The effect of this movement will undermine the principles of Islam and induce Muslim people to concede the values of western modernity. Surprisingly, many Muslim scholars using this western’s modernization method into Islamic thought. On the basis of this situation, this paper try to reveals the fundamental differences between tajdid and modernization, and then criticizes the modernization that used by some Muslim scholars.

Metodologi Fatwa K.H. Muhammad Syaf’i Hadzami Muhammad Ardiansyah
TSAQAFAH Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Islamic Jurisprudence
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Fatwa is one of the heavy mandates on the shoulders of Moslem scholars. There are some conditions that must be fulflled before the fatwa could be used to solve the problems of the people. Basically, the fatwa replaces the task of the Prophet in conveying the shari’a law, then the scholars did not dare to be reckless in declaring any fatwa. Therefore, being a mufti is not only required by reading the translation of al-Qur’an or Hadith, or by searching on the google, or by copying broadcasts in social media. According to al-Shirazi, the intellectual condition that must be required to be a mufti is deep understanding toward al-Qur’an and Hadith, also understanding sources of speech such as ḥaqîqah-majâz, ‘âmm-khâṣṣ, Arabic language, nâsikh-mansûkh, ijmâ’, ikhtilaf, and tartîb al-adillah. While the moral requirements to be a mufti according to Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal are having pure intention, having broad knowledge, patience, and soul, having strong mentality to fulfl the task, having suffciency of life to avoid being inﬂuenced by others, and understanding the condition of society. This paper attempts to examine the fatwas of a mufti from Betawi who had lived in the modern era known as Mu’allim Syaf’i Hadzami. The fatwas were collected in a work entitled Tawḍîḥ al-Adillah. In this article, the author has concluded that Mu’allim uses eight complementary and relevant fatwa methodologies to solve today’s problems

Konstruk Epistemologi Islam: Telaah bidang Fiqh dan Ushul Fiqh Nirwan Syafrin
TSAQAFAH Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Islamic Jurisprudence is a knowledge on the practical Islamic law based on its detailed approve concerning with the deeds of human. This article discusses on the position of Jurisprudence in relation with two different functions, indeed as a positive law and moral standard. In order to derive the Islamic law from its primary sources, al-Qur’an and the Sunnah, Islamic Jurisprudence needs theoretical tool and methodology which commonly named as the Principle of Islamic Jurisprudence. So the Islamic Jurisprudence is considered as Islamic epistemology which stands as the basis of the development of Islamic Jurisprudence as a knowledge. As the basis of epistemology, the principle of Islamic Jurisprudence is closely related to theology. Furthermore, this knowledge develops a principle on adillah which its foundation has been constructed by Syafi’i, indeed al-Qur’an, the Sunnah, Ijma’ and Qiyas. Since constructed by Syafi’i, this Principle of Islamic Jurisprudence has some changes and innovations. This innovation has been in the long duration of time with complicated problems and helped the ummah to solve the problems.

Peranan Agama dalam Restorasi Peradaban Umat Islam Menurut Muhammad Fethullah Gulen Usman Syihab
TSAQAFAH Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Religious Studies
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

This article examines Muhammad Fethullah Gulen’s thought on the roles of religion in reconstruction of a civilization. The article analyzes the problem anatomy of the Ummah, concepts of civilization, relationship between identity and civilization, religion and its roles in formation of civilization identity, the “essential” conditions for Muslim’s renaissance, and the role of Islamic scholars in the renaissance process. The article reveals Gulen’s idea, that the Muslim’ crises is internal in nature, and not because of others, it is a “liability to be colonize” attitude. Religion has a vital role in construction of a civilization identity. A religion can be pillar of a civilization is a religion that has lofty goals, able to apply moral values, upgrade spiritual quality, and fulfill human’s soul needs. According to Gulen, every civilization has its links with the past and its cultural haritage, and that any attempt to reconstruct a future civilization has to consider its own cultural roots. Thus, a civilization is neither a life adopted from colonials nor values that has been deprived from its own noble values. The article, using philosophical, historical and sociological approaches, tries to analyze the “essential” conditions that able to restore Islamic civilization and spawn Muslim’s renaissance, mainly; a) moral-spiritual, b) knowledge, c) aesthetic, and d) love. The article also explains critically the roles and missions of ulamâ in making “resurrection from the grave”, renaissance and total reform of the ummah.

Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Konstruksi Tipologis dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Moch Tolchah
TSAQAFAH Vol 11, No 2 (2015): Islamic Education
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Islamic education philosophy is essentially a concept to think about education based on Islamic teachings. Islamic education philosophy speaking about nature of Muslim’s ability to be fostered, developed, and be guided into human being whose entire personality imbued with Islamic teachings, cause the complexity of educational problems and so complicated to interpret philosophy, so it needs a simplification. Typology in all aspects of thinking has implications for the “simplification” to a variety of complex issues. A discourse should evolve and expand to be understood in simple after typology. It was certainly no exception to typology philosophical discourse of Islamic education in Indonesia. Curriculum development at this time cannot be separated from the basic ideas are developed from educational philosophy, such as Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, Reconstructionism, and others. This article tries to make typology of philosophical discourse towards the development of Islamic education in Indonesia through literature and its implications for curriculum development in Indonesia. So that the educational philosophy which developed in Indonesia can be seen in their entirety and as simple as possible. Thus, the simplification of the complex things can be realized. On the other side, apprehensive about the release of the current curriculum with a philosophical foundation at least be minimized.

Dirasah Fiqhiyyah Lihadits “Bai’atain fi Bai’ah” fi Manzur al-Iqtisad al-Islami Daud Rasyid
TSAQAFAH Vol 9, No 1 (2013): Islamic Economics
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Hadits is one source of Islamic Law. There are contracts which are forbidden is Islamic Law. One of that forbidden contracts is two sales in one contract (bay’atayn fi bay’ahor s}afqatayn fi s}afqah). There are narrations of the Ahadith which forbids this type of contract. The paper discusses the authenticity of these narrations and its legal meaning. According to the science of Hadits that daif (weak) Hadith could not be considered as valid source of law. There are three narrations related to this topic i.e. through Abu Hurayrah, Amru ibn Shuaib and Ibn Mas’ud. The Prophet (pbh) has forbidden two sales in one contract. This Hadits is generally considered as Sahih hence some transactions which come under this type are deemed as void. Muslim scholars have different opinion with regard to the meaning of this Hadits. There are some forms of contract which are forbidden is Islamic Law such as 1. Bay’ al-ienah, 2.Bay’ al-Kali’ bil Kali’ and Bay’ al-Taqsit or Ta’jil (on deferred payment). This paper is an effort to shed the light on these types of contract referring to the opinions of Muslim intellectuals from different school of thought (Hanafite, Shafiite, Malikite and Hanbalite) with some conclusion et the end.

Hak Ex Offcio Hakim: Studi Kasus Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Sidoarjo No. 3513 Th. 2015 Ahmad Fanani
TSAQAFAH Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Islamic Jurisprudence
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

There are still many husbands who decide to divorce without giving the rights belong to their wives and the children they have. Whereas, the divorce does not mean removing the obligations of a husband toward his child and his ex-wife. In the process of examining cases in giving a verdict, a Judge would not give more than required judgment in the lawsuit of the petition. On the other hand, the Judge has an ex offcio right, so that the Judge may oblige the husband to fulfll the rights of divorced wives even though they are not in the the lawsuit of the petition. In Islamic law, the obligation is also determined. This study concludes that the judge in the divorce judgment in Sidoarjo religious court uses his ex offcio to decide the rights of the wife during ‘iddah’ and ‘mut’ah’ that is not requested by by her following these considerations: to give lessons to any husbands to avoid divorce; to guarantee a justice for any wives who got divorced. The application of ex offcio right of the judge in the divorce case in Sidoarjo religious court is in accordance with Islamic law in the process of charging the cost of living ‘iddah and mut’ah based on principles of justice and maṣlaḥah mursalah, thus realizing the beneft to the former wife after being divorced

Kritik Fenomenologis Merleau-Ponty atas Filsafat Pengetahuan Mukhtasar Syamsuddin
TSAQAFAH Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

The main purpose of this article consists in investigating the phenomenological perspective used by Merleau-Ponty in evaluating critically the conception of knowledge. This investigation is aimed at finding a new path for understanding the essence of knowledge that is formulated by some philosophical mainstreams, such as naturalism and objectivism. Ponty’s phenomenological critique to the philosophy of knowledge is related to to the description of knowledge as a human condition, which makes the thinking of the knowledge problem possible. The phenomenological account that Ponty offers is that we experience ourselves, not as distinct ‘minds’ and ‘bodies’, but as unified persons who form intentions and act in the world, but can do so only because our bodies function mechanically in certain ways. As being poured in his work “the Structure of Behavior”, Ponty explained that the integration of matter, life and mind are obtained by reduction to a common denominator of physical form. This explanation emphasized that the Gestalists had misunderstood the ultimate implications of their own work, because they believed that the notion of structure can be thought within the naturalist ontology that subtended the thought of the atomists whom they had criticized.

Keefektifan Organisasi dalam Pemberdayaan Sekolah Busthomi Ibrohim
TSAQAFAH Vol 5, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

In relation with the school, it may be stressed that effectiveness of the school is in its specified procedure to develop a consistent organization based on the need which centralized on the school principal managerial process. Because, the system, management, as well as school procedure and its organizational development lay on the hand of the principal, who is then considered as the evaluation standard. This managerial process can be judged from the function of organizational structure optimally, teachers performance, professional school personnel, the development of learning activity, the implementation of rule and regulation, academic development and the achievement of education aim. Due to this reason, the more skillful is the principal, teacher, and other school personnel the more effective and efficient the whole school system and its management. The main requirement of organizational effectiveness is by understanding various methods how an organization is effective. In this case the manager of an organization is not only to identify various dimensions of critical institutional performance, but to mobile the organization towards effectiveness. The effective school models consist of three levels; school, class, and the student background.

Wilayat al-Faqih Baina al-Fiqhiyyah wa al-Kalamiyyah Muhammad Khalid Muslih
TSAQAFAH Vol 7, No 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

The early fourteenth century of Hijra is a new transitional phase for the historical development of Syiah Imamiyah. This can be traced by their success in establishing an Islamic state using 12 Imam Ideology which is based on “Welayat al-Faqih” system. This system is the antithesis of the theory of al-ghaibah al- kubra, which until now has been running more than 1000 years and has forbidden Shiite followers to perform various social, political and religious activities until reappearance of Imam Mahdi. As a result, many teachings of the religion cannot be applied. If this condition continues, the Islamic teachings will be destructed in the future, so that the bearer of this idea see the necessity for the fuqaha ‘(scholars’) of Shiite who have reached the degree of “Mujtahid” to take over the role of Imam Mahdi in establishing and leading the Islamic State, thus, a guardian Jurist in a country which is built up under the system of welayat faqih, holds a supreme power, who covers the whole territory granted to the Prophet and the Imams. In spite of saying that welayat fakih included in the category of Islamic jurisprudence, the Shiite Jurists argue that it has a dimensions of kalam, as it also discusses the problem of “af ’âlullâh”. Eventually, the form of the State born cannot be avoided from the format of “Theocracy”. historical development of Syiah Imamiyah. This can be traced by their success in establishing an Islamic state using 12 Imam Ideology which is based on "Welayat al-Faqih" system. This system is the antithesis of the theory of al- ghaibah al-kubra, which until now has been running more than 1000 years and has forbidden Shiite followers to perform various social, political and religious activities until reappearance of Imam Mahdi. As a result, many teachings of the religion cannot be applied. If this condition continues, the Islamic teachings will be destructed in the future, so that the bearer of this idea see the necessity for the fuqaha '(scholars') of Shiite who have reached the degree of "Mujtahid" to take over the role of Imam Mahdi in establishing and leading the Islamic State, thus, a guardian Jurist in a country which is built up under the system of welayat faqih, holds a supreme power, who covers the whole territory granted to the Prophet and the Imams. In spite of saying that welayat fakih included in the category of Islamic jurisprudence, the Shiite Jurists argue that it has a dimensions of kalam, as it also discusses the problem of "af'âlullâh". Eventually, the form of the State born cannot be avoided from the format of "Theocracy".

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Home Page

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Contact Name
Muhammad Nugraha

Contact Email
nugraha.muhammad@gmail.com

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Journal Mail Official
nugraha.muhammad@gmail.com

Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. ponorogo,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA