Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Jurnal ICMES is published by the independent research institute, Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies (ICMES). This journal seeks to publish balanced writings that enlightens the public and provides appropriate information about the Middle East in various aspects ranging from politics, economics, military, energy, culture, and history.
Articles
92 Documents
<![CDATA[Perang Global Melawan Terorisme dalam Perspektif Sekuritisasi ]]>
<![CDATA[Dina Yulianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 1 No 2 (2017): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v1i2.13
<![CDATA[The Global War on Terrorism has continued 17 years since 2001 but has not made the world safer. Terrorist acts continue to occur in various countries, even new terrorist groups have emerged, including IS (Islamic State). US presidents from the George W. Bush to Trump continue to declare terrorism as a threat for national security and world security. This article discussed this phenomenon using securitization theory to answer the question of whether terrorism really threatens US security or is there other factors behind the continuity of GWOT policy? The study found that although acts of terrorism did caused many victims, the casualties of GWOT are much greater. The US goal in launching GWOT is to frighten the world (using the ‘politics of fear’) so that countries are willing to join GWOT's military operations. This war is very profitable for the US military industry and escalate US domination in the world.]]>
<![CDATA[Genealogi Gerakan Ikhwan Al Muslimin dan Al Qaeda di Timur Tengah ]]>
<![CDATA[Rijal Mamdud]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.15
<![CDATA[Historically, the rise of terrorism by radical Islamic groups in the Middle East has itsroots in the spirit of resistance to Western colonialism in the early nineteenth century.There are two movements that have a big influence and inspire the emergence ofsimilar movements in the Middle East, the Ikhwan Al Muslimin (IM) and Al Qaeda (AQ).This paper examines the roots of IM and Al Qaeda movements, and how the powerknowledgerelation takes place. The theory used in this research is genealogy whichseeks to examine the historical aspect and its relation to the formulation of powerand politics; as well as the theory of Islamism, namely describing aspects of Islamicideology, Islamic political movements, and socio-economic aspects. The findings ofthis article explain that IM and AQ have historically been rooted in the resistancemovement against the West. Sayyid Qutb’s thoughts became the initial inspirationfor the radicalization of IM activists, such as Muhammad Faraj, Ayman Al Zawahiri,and Osama bin Laden, so they built more extreme militias, such as Al Jihad and AlQaeda. IM was originally a social organization and eventually involved in practicalpolitics. Methods of Islamic movement based on cultural approach make IM widelyaccepted by Egyptian society, so that ever managed to win in election and be in elitecircle of power. On the contrary, AQ is conducting a resistance movement againts theWest as well as governments in Muslim countries that are considered anti-Islamic bythe method of terror, so it always marginal in public opinion of Muslim society.]]>
<![CDATA[Peran Muhammad bin Salman terhadap Perubahan Pilar Kenegaraan Arab Saudi ]]>
<![CDATA[Panji Haryadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.16
<![CDATA[Saudi Arabia has four pillars of the state, namely: Saud Family, Wahhabism, Oil, and Relationship with the United States. In 2017, Muhammad bin Salman (MbS) was appointed the crown prince by his father, Salman bin Abdulazis. Throughout the history of Saudi Arabia this has never happened, usually the crown prince is the brother of the ruling king. Another historical event is MbS took steps to change the three pillars. Changing pillars is a very high risk action, if it fails, the worst consequence is the collapse of the state.]]>
<![CDATA[Terorisme di Suriah dan Implementasi Arms Trade Treaty ]]>
<![CDATA[Dina Yulianti]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.17
<![CDATA[The Syrian war that started in 2012 involves the global distribution of weapons to armed militias or non-state actors (NSAs) with enormous capital value. Meanwhile, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) entered into force on December 24, 2014. It restricts the weapons-producing countries to export weapons to NSAs known to commit genocide and direct attacks on civilians. In this article the authors will answer two main questions, firstly, how is the NSA profile in the Syrian conflict and who are the sources of their armory; and secondly, how is the impact of ATT implementation on weapons proliferation. The method used in this research is qualitative text analysis, i.e. reviewing the research documents that have been done before, the documents of ATT, and mass media coverages. The finding of this research is that ATT is not effective in preventing supply of weaponry into the hands of the NSA and it caused the continuing war of Syria.]]>
<![CDATA[Perjanjian Nuklir Iran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepentingan USA-Israel di Timur Tengah ]]>
<![CDATA[Kiki Mikail]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.18
<![CDATA[The aim of the research is to expalin about USA-Israel political strategy to the midlle east countries. After 39 years the victory of Islamics Revolution in Iran, Iran become a influential state, particularly in the Midlle East. Iranian military protecting against Israel military oppresion to the midlle east countries such Lebanon, Syiria and Palestine, Iran become an important partner for some midlle east countries in one side, and become an enemy for Israel and ally in other side. Substitution of the USA president from Barack Obama to Donald Trump after the election, is the most dramatic Presidential Election in USA President Election history Iran nuclear deal wich famous by JCPOA name almost final and finish during Barack Obama Presidency, has been used as Israel momentum to attack Iran and ask USA and allies to pressure Iran and considering new penalties and seek to punish several companies and individuals from Iran and the United States has imposed several new non-nuclear sanctions against Iran. However, Europe Union particularly France, Germany and United Kingdom have a strategic interest in depending the Iran nuclear deal. Bussines relation have been signed between Iran Goverment and several Europe Union companies and the EU concerned soaring the global oil prices, forcing the EU to think hard how to keep JCPOA even though the USA is out of from JCPOA.]]>
<![CDATA[Israel dalam Teks-Teks Agama Islam ]]>
<![CDATA[Otong Sulaeman]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i1.19
<![CDATA[There are two perspectives which link Islam with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The first perspective believes that the conflict in Palestine is an inter-religious conflict, namely Islam versus Judaism. The second perspective sees that the conflict in the region is not an interfaith battle, but rather a battle between two entities: the invaders and the colonized. However, this second perspective still uses religion as a foundation to defend the Palestinian people because the principle of opposing the tyrant does exist in the teachings of Islam. In this article, the author will present the Qur'anic texts about Israel. The author found, there are two types of the verses of the Qur'an that describe the Jews: first, as a group with various bad qualities; second, verses that describe the Jews positively.]]>
<![CDATA[Penerimaan Gerakan Sosial Transnasional Ikhwanul Muslimin di Turki Pasca Arab Spring ]]>
<![CDATA[Nabhan Aiqani]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.23
<![CDATA[This article discusses the acceptance of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) movement in the middle of Turkish society after the Arab Spring. After the turmoil of the Arab Spring, this movement has been banned in various countries, ranging from Egypt, Syria, Jordan, to Saudi Arabia. On the contrary, IM continues to grow in Turkey. This article analyzes this phenomenon by using the concept of three categorization of the emergence of transnational social movements until they are accepted in a country, namely environmental change, cognitive change and relational change. Environmental change in Turkey shows that Turkey is currently controlled by the AKP Party and it begun to look at the strategic Middle East region. Cognitive change explains the IM appreciative attitude towards the current Turkish government. Relational change shows that IM, which faces restrictions many countries, needs to look for other political opportunities so that its movement continues to exist, so in this case of IM, it chooses Turkey. Relational change categorization found the connection between a social movement and the elite in government which can be explained by the concept of elite alliances, where social movements and the ruling government share interests on the basis of ideological similarities and views.]]>
<![CDATA[Masa Depan Hubungan Turki dan Amerika Serikat ]]>
<![CDATA[Firmanda Taufiq]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.24
<![CDATA[Throughout 2018, relations between Turkey and the United States seemed to deteriorate. The leaders of the two countries issued sharp diplomatic statements and the US even imposed economic sanctions on Turkey. This article aims to analyze how the future of relations between Turkey and the United States. Cooperation between the two has a long historical side after the Cold War. Relations between the two countries are based on various interests, both economic, political, military and security interests. The theory used in this study is the theory of national interest. The US has great interests in the Middle East and Turkey is the front-line ally in achieving those interests. However, there are many US foreign policies that ignore the Turkish concern and create tensions between the two countries. On the contrary, Turkey also has considerable economic interests, but the role of the government elite (in this case, President Erdogan) has a significant influence in the determination of Turkish foreign policy. The findings of this study, although it will go through complex challenges and processes, the US and Turkey will continue to maintain their relations.]]>
<![CDATA[Narcoterrorism di Afghanistan ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhnizar Siagian]]>;
<![CDATA[Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.26
<![CDATA[The existence of Afghanistan that dubbed The Golden Cresent is the birthplace of two global terrorist groups namely the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Nearly 70% of drug activity in Afghanistan has been strongly controlled by Taliban terrorist groups since 2007. Using narcoterrorism and non-traditional security threat conceptual frameworks, this article explains the dynamics of the development of opium production and trade in Afghanistan, the Taliban track record in the opium trade in Afghanistan and the opium trade as a non-traditional security threat in Afghanistan. This article uses descriptive analysis of data obtained from books, journals, and mass media. In this study, there are two important points that obtained. First, the opium business which is a source of funding for the Taliban group is one of the main causes of the continuing acts of terrorism in Afghanistan and a source of various transnational crimes. Second, the opium trade and terrorism are non-traditional security threats that occur due to a combination of opium trade and acts of terrorism which have implications for the internal and external areas of Afghanistan.]]>
<![CDATA[Politik Global dan Wacana Etika Religius: Antara Tabatabai dan Hamka ]]>
<![CDATA[Purkon Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal ICMES Vol 2 No 2 (2018): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies ]]>
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DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v2i2.28
<![CDATA[The dynamics of global politics are increasingly complex. Various approaches commonly used to analyze these dynamics often fail to capture the essence of it so that new approaches are needed that take into account various dimensions, including ethics, which are starting to become a concern of related experts. Through Frost's approach to the important position of the normative paradigm in the study of International Relations, this article offers a discourse on religious ethics as the initial pioneering alternative thinking of political philosophy. In this article, the ethical theory of contemporary Iranian philosopher, Allamah Tabatabai, is explored with consideration that Middle Eastern geopolitics influenced the birth of this thought. The Tabatabai thought is elaborated with the idea of religious ethics from the great Southeast Asian thinker, Buya Hamka. The technical consideration for choosing these two figures is because there is a close interdisciplinary approach, namely interpretations, Sufism and philosophy. The study found a close link between the thought of Tabatabai and Hamka in religious ethics with global political issues. By carrying out further research, it is possible to elaborate this finding for developing the basis of the metatheory of Political Science and International Relations in Islamic perspective.]]>
