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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 541 Documents
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Isolation and selection of siderophore-producing bacteria from roots of Simadu pineapple (Ananas comosus) in Subang District, West Java Hanifah FUADI; Prayoga SURYADARMA; Khaswar SYAMSU; Surono SURONO; Nurika Asih SETIYANI; Selvia Mahilda RIDHOHA; Aninda Sekar ZAHRA; Nadia STEPANI; Muhammad Rasyid RAMADHAN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.502

Abstract

Abstrak Bakteri mampu menghasilkan siderofor umtuk mengkelat besi dalam lingkungan dan digunakan oleh tanaman sebagai kofaktor dalam pembentukan klorofil untuk pembentukan glukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri penghasil siderofor tinggi dari akar nanas Simadu, Kabupaten Subang Provinsi Jawa Barat. Bakteri diisolasi dari akar nanas Simadu, kemudian diseleksi dengan membedakan morfologinya dan diidentifikasi sebagai penghasil siderofor pada media Chrome Azurol S (CAS). Diperoleh 10 isolat bakteri (M1 sampai dengan M10) yang mampu menghasilkan siderofor. Isolat bakteri M7 memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan siderofor tertinggi. Isolat M7 teridentifikasi sebagai bakteri Gram negatif. Hasil analisis pohon filogenetik berdasarkan sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan isolat kelompok genus Providencia. Dibandingkan dengan Providencia vermicola ,  isolat standar dari InaCC yang berasal dari akar Curcuma zedoaria, M7 menunjukkan produksi siderofor yang lebih tinggi pada media LB pada kondisi aerobik.[Kata kunci: Isolasi bakteri, Providencia, akumulasi siderofor, akar nanas Simadu Subang]Abstract Bacteria can produce siderophores for chelating iron in environments and are used by plants as an ingredient cofactor in building chlorophyll for glucose production. This study aims to obtain high siderophore-producing bacteria from the roots of pineapple Simadu, Subang District, West Java Province. Bacteria were isolated from Simadu pineapple roots, then selected by distinguishing their morphology and identified as producing siderophores with Chrome Azurol S (CAS) media. Obtained 10 bacterial isolates (M1 to M10) capable of producing siderophores. Bacterial isolate M7 had the highest siderophore production ability. M7 isolate was identified as Gram-negative bacteria. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing showed this isolate as the genus Providencia. Compared to the Providencia vermicola as reference isolate from InaCC derived from the roots of Curcuma zedoaria, M7 showed higher siderophore production in LB media under aerobic conditions.[Keywords:          Bacteria isolation, Providencia, siderophore accumulation, Simadu Subang pineapple root]
Produksi dan uji aktivitas enzim fatty acid photodecarboxylase dari Chlorella variabilis melalui kultivasi pada medium CYT dan KW21 Yora FARAMITHA; Sheren Prajna PARAMITA; Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Djoko SANTOSO; Irma KRESNAWATY
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.504

Abstract

Chlorella variabilis is the microalgae that produce fatty acid photodecarboxylase (CvFAP) enzymes which can catalyze the decarboxylation of long chain fatty acids into hydrocarbons through a process that is influenced by blue light. However,  CvFAP enzyme content in C. variabilis is relatively small and the ability of the enzyme as a biocatalyst needs to be optimized. This study aims to compare the effect of C. variabilis microalgae cultivation medium types, particularly: 1) C medium, yeast extract, and tryptone (CYT medium), and 2) KW21 medium which is a commercial marine algae culture medium, on microalgae growth and the resulting protein. In addition, the CvFAP enzyme extract from each medium was proven for its ability to convert long-chain fatty acids into pentadecane by optimizing variations in substrate type, enzyme concentration, and incubation time. C. variabiliswas cultivated for 2-3 weeks with a ratio of light and dark lighting time of 8:16 (hours/hours). The protein content of C. variabilis was determined using the Lowry method. Proteins were extracted physico-chemically and enzyme activity assay were carried out under conditions of exposure to blue light. The pentadecane content formed from the enzyme activity assay was measured using GC-MS. The study results showed that microalgae growth and protein content of C. variabilis were higher in the CYT medium compare to those in KW21 medium. The protein band appears at 67-68 kDA whichis speculated to affect the ternary complex bond between FAP-FAD-FA, which is a determinant of the results in the enzyme activity assay process in accumulating hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, the CvFAP enzyme activity assay results showed that the CvFAP enzyme extract from the KW21 medium treatment tended to produce pentadecane with a higher concentration than the CYT medium (2.8 times).  AbstrakMikroalga Chlorella variabilis menghasilkan enzim fatty acid photodecarboxylase (CvFAP) yang dapat mengkatalisis proses dekarboksilasi asam lemak rantai panjang menjadi biohidrokarbon melalui proses yang dipengaruhi oleh cahaya biru. Akan tetapi, kandungan enzim CvFAP pada C. variabilis relatif kecil dan kemampuan enzim tersebut sebagai biokatalis perlu dioptimasi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh jenis medium kultivasi mikroalga C. variabilis, yaitu: 1) medium C, ekstrak ragi, dan tripton (medium CYT) dan 2) medium KW21 yang merupakan medium kultur alga komersial, terhadap pertumbuhan mikroalga dan protein yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, ekstrak enzim CvFAP dari tiap perlakuan medium diuji kemampuannya dalam mengkonversi asam lemak rantai panjang menjadi pentadekana melalui optimasi variasi jenis substrat, konsentrasi enzim, dan waktu inkubasi.   C. variabilis dikultivasi selama 2-3 minggu dengan rasio waktu pencahayaan terang dan gelap 8:16 (jam/ jam). Protein diekstrak secara fisika kimia dan uji aktivitas enzim dilakukan dalam kondisi diberi paparan cahaya biru.  Kandungan pentadekana yang terbentuk dari uji aktivitas enzim diukur menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mikroalga dan kandungan protein C. variabilis lebih tinggi pada medium CYT dibanding medium KW21. Band protein muncul tipis pada 67-68 kDA yang diduga dapat memengaruhi ikatan kompleks terner antara FAP-FAD-FA, yang merupakan penentu hasil pada proses uji aktivitas enzim dalam mengakumulasi hidrokarbon. Sementara itu, hasil uji aktivitas enzim CvFAP menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak enzim CvFAP dari perlakuan medium KW21 cenderung menghasilkan pentadekana dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dibanding medium CYT (2,8 kali lipat). 
Determination of the optimum initial callus weight for the efficient propagation of sugarcane in temporary immersion bioreactor Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; Imron RIYADI; Masna Maya SINTA; M Eko Riyo Bayu PRASETYO; Sylvia LINDAWATI; Sumaryono SUMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.505

Abstract

AbstrakBioreaktor perendaman sesaat (BPS) telah digunakan secara luas untuk propagasi skala massal berbagai tanaman penting, termasuk tanaman tebu. BPS menyediakan sistem kultur semi-otomatis dan kondisi optimal bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Beberapa faktor menentukan pertumbuhan tanaman pada BPS, salah satunya densitas dari eksplan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan bobot awal yang optimal untuk kalus tebu yang dikulturkan pada BPS, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan bobot awal kalus tersebut terhadap proliferasi dan regenerasi kalus tebu. Kalus tebu diinduksi dari daun muda yang masih menggulung dari empat varietas tebu unggul Indonesia. Bobot awal kalus yang dikultur ke dalam bejana TIB yaitu 0,05 g; 0,1 g; 0,2 g; 0,5 g; dan 1,0 g untuk setiap bejana. Kalus kemudian melalui tahap proliferasi pada BPS sebanyak tiga siklus, kemudian kalus diregenerasi pada BPS dengan perlakuan auksin dan sitokinin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 0,2 g merupakan bobot awal kalus yang efisien untuk proliferasi kalus tebu pada TIB, dimana eksponensial multiplikasi kalus tercapai pada bobot awal tersebut, yaitu untuk masing-masing varietas 130,3 kali (PSKA 942), 136,8 kali (PS 094), 21,3 (PS 881), dan 12,9 kali (PS 091) setelah 12 minggu. Densitas kalus pada TIB berkorelasi negatif dengan karakteristik fisikokimia medium. Hal ini menggambarkan variasi intensitas pertumbuhan dan metabolisme kalus dengan adanya perbedaan densitas pada BPS. Penggunaan BAP 0,2 mg L-1 bersama kinetin 0,2 mg L-1 paling sesuai untuk memacu regenerasi kalus tebu dengan menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak dalam waktu relatif lebih cepat (1 – 2 minggu lebih cepat) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dan dengan tingkat kejadian pencoklatan yang rendah.[Kata kunci: kultur in vitro, kultur cair, proliferasi]AbstractTemporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) has been utilized for the mass-scale propagation of many important plants, including sugarcane. TIB facilitates a semiautomated culture system and provides optimal conditions for plant growth. Several factors determine plant growth in the TIB, such as explant density. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to determine the optimal initial weight of sugarcane calli and to evaluate its effect on the proliferation and regeneration in TIB. Sugarcane calli were induced from spindle leaves isolated from four Indonesian prime sugarcane varieties. The initial weights of the calli cultured in the TIB flasks were 0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.5 g and 1.0 g per flask. The calli were proliferated through three cycles in TIB, and subsequently regenerated in TIB with auxin and cytokinin treatments. The results of the experiments showed that 0.2 g was the most efficient initial weight for sugarcane callus proliferation in the TIB, resulting in an exponential multiplication rate of 130.3-fold (PSKA 942), 136.8-fold (PS 094), 21.3-fold (PS 881), and 12.9-fold (PS 091) within 12 weeks. In the TIB, callus density showed a negative correlation with the physicochemical properties of the medium, demonstrating various growth intensities or metabolic activities of calli at different densities in the TIB. The use of 0.2 mg L-1 BAP along with 0.2 mg L-1 kinetin was suitable for promoting the regeneration of sugarcane calli and producing the highest number of shoots in a relatively short amount of time (1 – 2 weeks faster) with low incidences of browning.[Keywords: in vitro culture, liquid culture, proliferation] 
Peningkatan hasil panen jagung (Zea mays L.) menggunakan asam humat yang diperkaya produk-samping pabrik urea dan NPK Muhammad Abdul AZIZ; Sri WAHYUNI; Hana FADILA; Valdi Muhamad Rafiansyah SIREGAR; Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Sulastri SULASTRI; Insyiah Meida LUKTYANSYAH; Priyono PRIYONO; Siswanto SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.506

Abstract

The use of PSUC (liquid Urea by-product) and PSNC (liquid NPK by-product) in humic fertilizer enrichment is a strategic solution towards zero waste and to increase their value added. Maize is Indonesia's leading commodity with a low productivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of humic acid PSUC (HA-PSUC) and PSNC (HA-PSNC) on the growth and productivity of maize. Humic acid was formulated using PSUC and PSNC and then a quality assay was carried out. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with nine treatments. The application of humic acid using the foliar spray technique was carried out at 25, 39, and 53 days after planting (DAP). Growth observations were made at 24, 38, and 52 DAP, while yield and plant biomass were observed at 75 DAP. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test, with Tukey HSD as the further test. The quality assay results showed that those two product (HA-PSUC and HA-PSNC) meet the quality standards according to the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No.1 2019 with humic content of HA- PSUC respectively was 14.68% (liquid) and 38.51% (solid), while HA-PSNC was 15.97% (liquid) and 38.23% (solid). In general, each treatment tested showed an increase in plant growth characteristics compared to the control, with the best treatment is HcU-8 (humic acid liquid Urea at 8 L ha-1), especially in stem diameter and stem-leaf biomass. Each yield character in each treatment showed an increment compared to the control, with significant yield differences known in the parameters of fresh and dried  corn cobs weight and grain weight per corn cob. However , among treatment groups did not show a significant difference in maize yields, so to increase cost efficiency with optimal yields, the applications of humicacidPSUCorPSNCat8Lha-1or8kgha-1 were the recommended doses.[Keywords: humic acid, maize, growth, productivity, PSNC, PSUC]AbstrakPemanfaatan PSUC (produk-samping Urea cair) dan PSNC (produk-samping NPK cair) sebagai bahan pengaya pupuk humat merupakan solusi strategis menuju zero waste dan meningkatkan nilai tambah kedua produk samping tersebut. Jagung merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia dengan produktivitas masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam humat PSUC (AH-PSUC) dan asam humat PSNC (AH-PSNC) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas jagung. Asam humat diformulasi menggunakan PSUC dan PSNC kemudian dilakukan uji mutu. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan. Aplikasi asam humat dengan teknik semprot daun dilakukan pada 25, 39, dan 53 hari setelah tanam (HST). Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada 24, 38, dan 52 HST, sementara pengamatan hasil panen dan biomassa tanaman pada 75 HST. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil uji mutu menunjukkan bahwa kedua produk (AH- PSUC dan AH-PSNC) memenuhi standar mutu sesuai Permentan No.1 tahun 2019 dengan kadar humat AH-PSUC masing-masing adalah 14,68% (cair) dan 38,51% (padat), sementara untuk AH- PSNC adalah 15,97% (cair) dan 38,23% (padat). Secara umum semua perlakuan yang diuji menunjukkan peningkatan karakter pertumbuhan tanaman dibanding kontrol, dengan perlakuan ter- baik adalah HcU-8 (humat cair Urea dosis 8 L ha-1) khususnya pada diameter batang dan biomassa batang-daun. Setiap karakter hasil panen pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan peningkatan dibanding kontrol, dengan perbedaan hasil yang signifikan diketahui pada parameter bobot tongkol basah dan kering serta bobot pipil per tongkol. Namun demikian, antar kelompok perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil panen jagung, sehingga untuk peningkatan hasil panen jagung (Zea mays L.) menggunakan asam humat meningkatkan efisiensi biaya dengan hasil yang optimal, aplikasi asam humat PSUC dan PSNC dengan dosis 8 L ha-1 atau 8 kg ha-1 merupakan dosis yang direkomendasikan.
Pengujian aktifitas antifungi kitosan, nanokitosan, dan nanokitosan-Cu secara in vitro terhadap Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pada buah mangga (Mangifera indica) Sri WAHYUNI; Muhammad Abdul AZIZ; sentiawati SENTIAWATI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Maria BINTANG; priyono PRIYONO; siswanto SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.510

Abstract

AbstractColletotrichum gloeosporioides, a pathogen of anthracnose disease, can significantly reduce the quality of mango (Mangifera indica) fruits. Chitosan as an antifungal agent can reduce fungal growth on post-harvest fruit of agricultural products. In its development, chitosan has been widely improved through its transformation into nanochitosan and its formulation with metals. One of the metals that has a large affinity and can be formulated with chitosan is copper (Cu). This study aimed to compare and determine the optimal concentration of chitosan, nanocithosan, and nanochitosan-Cu in suppressing the growth of C. gloeosporioides that cause decay on mango fruits. The synthesis of nanochitosan and nanochitosan-Cu was carried out by the ionic gelation method, while the characterization was performed by using particle size analyzer (PSA). The antifungal activity assay was conducted through the poisoning method by mixing a 500, 750, and 1000 ppm of chitosan, nanochitosan and nanochitosan-Cu into the growth media of C. gloeosporioides. The results of PSA analysis showed that chitosan, nanochitosan, and nanochitosan-Cu had an average size of 606.5, 386.8 and 254.1 nm, respectively. The formulation of chitosan into nanochitosan and nanochitosan-Cu was able to inhibit C. gloeosporioides with the inhibition percentages of chitosan, nanochitosan, and nanochitosan-Cu 35%, 70% and 100% in 750 ppm (0.075%, w/v), respectively.[Keywords: Ionic gelation, poisoning food, copper]AbstrakSerangan cendawan penyebab antraknosa seperti Colletotrichum gloeosporioides dapat menurunkan kualitas buah mangga (Mangifera indica) secara signifikan. Kitosan sebagai agensia antifungi mampu menekan pertumbuhan cendawan pada buah pasca panen hasil pertanian. Pada perkembangannya, kitosan telah banyak dikembangkan baik melalui transformasi menjadi nanokitosan maupun formulasinya dengan logam. Salah satu logam yang memiliki afinitas besar dan dapat diformulasikan dengan kitosan adalah tembaga (Cu). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan menentukan konsentrasi optimal dari kitosan, nanokitosan, dan nanokitosan-Cu dalam menekan pertumbuhan C. gloeosporioides yang menyebabkan pembusukan pada buah mangga. Sintesis nanokitosan dan nanokitosan-Cu dilakukan dengan metode gelasi ionik yang dikarakterisasi menggunakan particle size analyzer (PSA). Uji aktivitas antifungi dilakukan dengan metode peracunan agar dengan mencampurkan kitosan, nanokitosan, dan nanokitosan-Cu pada konsentrasi 500, 750, dan 1000 ppm pada media tumbuh isolat C. gloeosporioides. Hasil analisis PSA menunjukkan bahwa kitosan, nanokitosan, dan nanokitosan-Cu memiliki ukuran masing-masing sebesar 606,5, 386,8 dan 254,1 nm. Selain itu, transformasi kitosan menjadi nanokitosan dan nanokitosan-Cu dapat meningkatkan aktifitas antifungi terhadap C. gloeosporioides dibuktikan dengan peningkatan persentase penghambatan kitosan, nanokitosan dan nanokitosan-Cu sebesar 35%, 70% dan 100% secara berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 750 ppm (0,075%, b/v). [Kata kunci: Gelasi ionik, peracunan agar, tembaga] 
Optimization of the demineralization process of black soldier fly (Hemertia illucens) pupa shell maggot chitosan and the physicochemical characteristics Mira Maulidina; Muhammad Rifqi; Siswanto
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.575

Abstract

Chitosan is a derivative compound of chitin that has undergone deacetylation. Chitosan has three stages of the manufacturing process, including demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. Chitin is also found in the black soldier fly maggot pupae, but maggot pupae contain high minerals content that can affect the purity of the resulting chitosan. Therefore, demineralization treatment is necessary to remove minerals from maggot pupae shells. This study aims to optimize the demineralization process by finding the best type of acid solvent, the best incubation time, and combination treatments. The black soldier fly (BSF) maggot pupa shell was soaked using various formic acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid solutions with incubation times of 60, 120, and    180 minutes. Chitosan characterization was carried out following SNI 7949:2022, including water content, ash content, nitrogen content, pH, deacetylation degree, characterization of functional groups with FT-IR, and as an antimicrobial comparison is formalin. The best demineralization treatment was obtained at 0.5 M nitric acid treatment with an incubation time of   120 minutes. The characterization of chitosan produced 7.81% water content, 0.56% ash content, 4.73% nitrogen content, pH 7.39, and 75.14% deacetylation degree. Characterization of groups on chitosan with FT-IR resulted in the absorption of O-H and N-H groups 3484 cm-1 and 3152 cm-1; C-H 2877 cm-1; and C=O 1653 cm-1. The inhibitory power against E. coli of the BSF maggot pupa shells chitosan is better compared to chitosan standard but not better than formalin.  
Characterization and morphological development of oil palm transformed-callus on modified culture media Yuli Setiawati; Imron Riyadi; Dini Astika Sari; Rizka Tamania Saptari; Masna Maya Sinta; Hayati Minarsih; Turhadi; Riza Arief Putranto
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.576

Abstract

Genome editing through cisgenesis develops into scientific breakthroughs in accelerating oil palm breeding programs. However, one remaining problem is the low success of transformed-calli regeneration, while its scientific explanation is still underexplored. This study aimed to characterize and regenerate transformed-calli using various amino acids and antioxidants.  Transformed callus that did not regenerate (un-regenerated transformed callus or UTC) after the transformation process was taken, then T-DNA integration was detected using the NPTII gene. Furthermore, the UTC was divided into four types based on morphological characteristics. The four types of UTCs were regenerated on media enriched with glutamine (for Type-1 callus), cysteine and putrescine (for Type-2 callus), and a combination of cysteine and ascorbic acid (for Type-3 and Type-4 callus). The research results obtained NPTII successfully amplified with a band size of 700bp. The results showed that on Type-1 callus, enrichment media with 10 mg L-1 L-glutamine could induce the formation of new nodular structures on UTC Type-1. On Type-2, media enriched with 5 mg L-1 L-cysteine + 20 mg L-1 putrescine increased the density of callus structures. Media enriched with 25 mg L-1 ascorbic acid + 25 mg L-1 L-cysteine could prevent the spread of brown callus on Type-3 callus, while Type-4 callus did not show any response and became dry. Our new findings will facilitate the basic research and unregenerated transformed callus and morphological callus development behavior in oil palm.
Application of lactic acid bacteria to improve the food safety of sago starch Tryanisa Ridla Amalia; Titi Candra Sunarti; Anja Meryandini
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.579

Abstract

Sago starch production in local industries is still carried out traditionally and uses poor-quality water. This production causes sago starch to be fermented spontaneously, resulting in sour sago and possibly contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce lactic acid and are suitable for use as a starter. Adding LAB as a starter in sago starch fermentation is expected to reduce the number of pathogenic bacterial growths, thereby increasing food safety in sago starch. This research aimed to obtain LAB and evaluate their use in sago starch fermentation to improve food safety. LAB selection was conducted by testing the LAB tolerance ability to low pH and the adaptability of the LAB growth in sago starch. This study was carried out using and without a LAB liquid starter. The water source during the fermentation originated from drinking water and the sago starch industrial factory. The fermentation was carried out for ten days at room temperature with an observation every two days. The results showed that fermented sago starch using drinking water did not harbor E. coli, Salmonella, or Shigella bacterial contamination. In contrast, sago starch fermented using water from the factory harbored these bacterial contaminations. Adding LAB IL1 isolate as a starter in fermentation showed the ability to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in sago starch.
Optimization of fulvic acids production from oil palm empty fruit bunches using microwave extractor Firda Dimawarnita; Khairy Yunda Maharani; Yora Faramitha; Donny Nugroho Kalbuadi; Haryo Tejo Prakoso; Indah Puspita Sari; Dedy Prasetyo; Sutanto Sutanto; Didiek Hadjar Goenadi
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.582

Abstract

Fulvic acid (FA) derives from a non-renewable source, Shilajit, known as highly commercial values for its benefit for human health. Fulvic acid can also be extracted from materials such as coal, lignite, and peat. Extraction methods of FA generally use solid acids and bases, ion exchange chromatography, and their combinations. However, these methods cause corrosion, low purity, and environmental pollution. The FA extraction using organic solvents is common, but low yielded, and many organic solvents are toxic. Therefore, an effective way to separate organic solvents from FA must be determined. This research aims to extract the FA from renewable biomass, namely oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), using a microwave extractor combined with hydrogen peroxide. The advantage of using a microwave is its quick and efficient extraction process. Hydrogen peroxide is an environmentally friendly solvent that can be converted into water and oxygen. Fulvic acid extraction was optimized using expert design with the Response Surface Methodology method with optimization of four 4 factors (H2O2 concentration and volume, reaction time, and microwave power). The extracted FA was then characterized using FTIR, H-NMR, and Fluorescennce spectroscopy. The highest FA concentration namely 24.716%, was obtained using H2O2 at a concentration of 30.46% with a volume of 137.4139 mL, reaction time of 9.384 minutes, and microwave power of 351.39 W. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy peaks at 3213 cm-1,           2935.47 cm-1, and 2825.13 cm-1 in the OPEFB-FA sample indicate existence of FA. The fluorescent emission intensity ratio between 450/500 nm wavelengths of OPEFB-FA was 0.719.  
Cloning and expression study of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) sucrose transporter gene (SoSUT4) Rani Nur Fitriani; Dwi Andreas Santosa; Miftahudin
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.584

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is a vital commodity for global sugar production and biomass generation, with sucrose being the primary sugar accumulated predominantly in the stem. The sucrose transporter protein is essential in facilitating sucrose transport across cells and over long distances within plants, from source to sink tissues. This study focused on the cloning and expression analysis of the SoSUT4 gene in the Bululawang sugarcane variety. A partial coding sequence of SoSUT4, comprising 802 nucleotides and encoding a 267-amino acid protein, was successfully cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that the SoSUT4 protein shares high similarity with other SUT4 proteins in monocotyledonous plants, particularly with Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum hybrid. Bioinformatics predictions indicated that the SoSUT4 protein is localized to the plasma membrane and contains six transmembrane helices. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated that SoSUT4 expression was significantly higher in the middle internodes of the stem compared to the youngest midsection of the leaves. This expression pattern correlates with higher sucrose accumulation in the stem, as reflected by elevated Brix levels in the stem (19.61%) compared to the leaves (19.48%). This finding suggests that SoSUT4 is essential for sucrose translocation to the stem, which serves as the primary storage site for sugar. The study provides valuable insights into the SoSUT gene family in sugarcane, particularly highlighting the role of SoSUT4 in sugar transport and accumulation. Future research should further investigate the underlying mechanisms of SoSUT4 and related genes to enhance our understanding of their impact on sugarcane yield, with potential applications for genetic engineering aimed at improving crop productivity. [Keywords: brix, relative expression, SoSUT4]

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