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Metalurgi

metalurgi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 01263188 EISSN : 24433926 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Energy

METALURGI published by Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials LIPI. The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating of RCMM results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials.

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Articles 240 Documents

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PENGARUH UNSUR KE-EMPAT TERHADAP TRANSFORMASI FASA DAN EFEK INGAT BENTUK (SHAPE MEMORY EFECT) PADUAN Ti- Ni-Cu[The Influence of Fourth Element on Phase Transformation and Shape Memory Effect (SME) of Ti-Ni-Cu Alloys] Mabruri, Efendi; Sriyono, Bambang; Adjiantoro, Bintang; Adnyana, D N
Metalurgi Vol 28, No 1 (2013): Metalurgi Vol.28 No.1 April 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

PENGARUH UNSUR KE-EMPAT TERHADAP TRANSFORMASI FASA DAN EFEK INGATBENTUK (SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT) PADUAN Ti-Ni-Cu. Di antara paduan ingat bentuk (shapememory alloys), Ti-Ni-Cu merupakan paduan yang paling menarik untuk aplikasi aktuator karena memilikirespon aktuasi yang cepat akibat histeresis suhu transformasinya yang sempit. Tulisan ini memaparkan pengaruhpenambahan unsur ke empat (Fe, Sn, Cr, Nb, Co, Mo) pada paduan Ti-Ni-Cu terhadap transformasi fasa yangterjadi. Kemudian dibahas efek ingat bentuk (Shape Memory Effect/SME) pada paduan Ti-Ni-Cu dan Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe pada kondisi pengerjaan dingin dan kondisi anil. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa unsur ke empat dalampaduan Ti-Ni-Cu memodifikasi fasa dengan cara-cara yang berbeda, yaitu dengan menekan fasa B19’(TiNi) danfasa B19’(TiNi0.8Cu0.2) untuk Fe, Co, Nb; dengan memunculkan fasa presipitat untuk Sn, Cr; dan denganmenekan fasa B19’ (TiNi0.8Cu0.2) untuk Mo. Terkait kondisi paduan, ditunjukkan bahwa paduan dalam kondisianil memiliki SME yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada paduan dalam kondisi pengerjaan dingin. Lebih jauhdapat diketahui paduan Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe memiliki SME yang lebih rendah dari pada paduan Ti-Ni-Cu. Pengamatanstruktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa fasa martensit pada paduan Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe memiliki fraksi volume yang lebihkecil dan ukuran lath yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada paduan Ti-Ni-Cu. AbstractAmong the existing shape memory alloys, Ti-Ni-Cu is the most atractive alloy for actuator applicationbecause it shows quick actuation response due to its narrow transformation temperature hysteresis. Thispaper reports the effect of the fourth element Fe, Sn, Cr, Nb, Co, Mo on the phase transformation of Ti-Ni-Cualloys. In addition, the shape memory effect (SME) of the Ti-Ni-Cu and Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe alloys in both coldworked and annealed conditions is discussed. The experimental results showed that the fourth element addedinto the Ti-Ni-Cu alloys modified the phases presented in the alloys by different ways, i.e. by deppressingboth B19’(NiTi) and B19’(TiNi0.8Cu0.2) phases for Fe, Co, Nb; by revealing precipitate phases for Sn and Cr;and by deppressing B19’ (TiNi0.8Cu0.2) phase for Mo. With respect to the alloys condition, it was showedthat the SME exhibited by the annealed alloys was larger than that exhibited by the cold worked alloy.Furthermore, it was found that the SME of Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe alloy was lower than that of Ti-Ni-Cu alloy.Microstructure observation showed that the martensite phase of Ti-Ni-Cu-Fe alloy was characterized bylower volume fraction and larger lath size compared to those of the Ti-Ni-Cu alloy.

PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN FASA INTERMETALIK Nb3Sn DENGAN PROSES SINTERING LOGAM NIOBIUM (Nb) DAN TIMAH (Sn) Firdiyono, Florentinus; Pramono, Andika Widya; Sebleku, Pius; Ciptasari, Nurhayati Indah; Suryantoro, Anton
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 3 (2011): Metalurgi Vol. 26 No. 3 Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Penentuan kondisi optimum meliputi waktu milling Nb dan Sn dengan HEM (High Energy Milling), perbandingan jumlah Nb dan Sn, waktu dan temperatur pemanasan campuran Nb dan Sn. Pengamatan karakterisasi Nb3Sn yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan DTA (Differential Thermal Analyzer), XRD ( X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) dan EDS (Enegy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy). Analisis dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD menunjukkan waktu minimum yang diperlukan untuk milling campuran Nb dan Sn adalah 3 jam, sedangkan hasil dari analisis DTA menunjukkan pembentukan Nb3Sn terjadi pada temperatur sekitar 700 °C. Analisis XRD terhadap campuran Nb dan Sn menunjukkan bahwa makin lama waktu pemanasan maka fasa intermetalik Nb3Sn yang terbentuk akan semakin banyak. Abstract Determination of optimum conditions include milling time of Nb and Sn with HEM, ratio of Nb and Sn, heating time and heating temperature of mixed Nb and Sn. Characterization of Nb3Sn produced from the process was performed using DTA, XRD, SEM and EDS. The results of SEM and XRD analysis showed the minimum time needed for milling Nb and Sn are 3 hours, and the result of DTA analysis showed the intermetalic phase of Nb3Sn was occured at the temparetuir around 700 °C. The result of XRD analysis for mixed Nb and Sn showed that by the increasing of heating time will produced more intermetalic phase of Nb3Sn.

INVESTIGASI KOROSI BAJA TULANGAN BETON SIRIP DENGAN PROTEKSI KATODIK ARUS TANDING MENGGUNAKAN ANODA MMO-Ti MORTAR KONDUKTIF[Investigation Of Corrosion Of Reinforced Concrete With Impress Current Cathodic Protection Using Mmo-Ti Conductive Mortar Anode] Anwar, M Syaiful; Nikitasari, Arini; Mabruri, Efendi; Sundjono, Sundjono; Harsisto, Harsisto
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 3 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 NO.3 Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

INVESTIGASI KOROSI BAJA TULANGAN BETON SIRIP DENGAN PROTEKSI KATODIK ARUSTANDING MENGGUNAKAN ANODA MMO-Ti MORTAR KONDUKTIF. Pada penelitian ini proteksikatodik arus tanding/arus proteksi dengan menggunakan anoda mixed metal oxide-titanium (MMO-Ti) betonkonduktif telah dilakukan terhadap baja tulangan beton baru yang terendam di dalam air laut pada variasi arusproteksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk investigasi kinerja arus proteksi untuk mengurangi agresifitaslingkungan di sekitar beton bertulang baru dan untuk mengevaluasi beton bertulang baru setelah diaplikasikanarus proteksi. Proteksi katodik ini bervariasi dilakukan pada arus proteksi 100, 150 dan 200 mA/m² dari luaspenampang baja tulangan. Standar NACE SP0290 digunakan sebagai kriteria standar proteksi katodik ini.Beberapa pengujian untuk melihat pengaruh arus proteksi pada saat catu daya dihidupkan dan dimatikanterhadap sifat korosi baja tulangan beton adalah open circuit potential (OCP) pada saat catu daya dihidupkanselama 3 menit dan kemudian dimatikan selama 4 jam, tafel polarisasi untuk meIn this study, impressed current cathodic protection using MMO-Ti conductive concrete anode was conducted in the new reinforced bar (rebar) concrete submerged in the seawater on the various protecting current. The aim of this study was to investigateperformance of protecting current to reduce aggressive environment in the interface of new rebar cocncrete and also to evaluate new rebar concrete after application of protecting current. This technique was conducted on the various protecting current of 100, 150 and 200 mA/m² by surface area of rebar. NACE SP0290 was used as standard criteria of cathodic protection. Examinations werearried to observe the influent of protecting current at power supply ‘on’ and ‘off’ that was obtained before and after cathodic protection, such as open circuit potential (OCP) at switch ‘on’ up to 3 minutes and then switch ‘off’ up to 4 hours, tafel polarisation to record corrosion potential, polarisation resistant, corrosion rate at initial and after application of protecting current. Cyclic polarisation test was performed to know susceptibility of pitting corrosion on the rebar concrete. The resultshowed that this techniquehave been successfullyapplied and have been meet standard criteria of NACE SP02090. Their corrosion potential of rebar concrete obtained after 4 hours of switch ‘off’ lower as well as corrosion rate compared to sample without protecting current (PPC 1) during 30 days submerged in the seawater. Pitting corrosion not found in the all of samples.02090. Potensial korosi bajatulangan beton yang ditentukan setelah 4 jam dari arus proteksi dimatikan menghasilkan nilai potensialterendah/paling negatif dan nilai laju korosi lebih rendah dari pada benda uji tanpa arus proteksi (PPC 1) selama30 hari perendaman dan tanpa terjadinya korosi sumuran (pitting). AbstractIn this study, impressed current cathodic protection using MMO-Ti conductive concrete anode was conducted in the new reinforced bar (rebar) concrete submerged in the seawater on the various protecting current. The aim of this study was to investigateperformance of protecting current to reduce aggressive environment in the interface of new rebar cocncrete and also to evaluate new rebar concrete after application of protecting current. This technique was conducted on the various protecting current of 100, 150 and 200 mA/m² by surface area of rebar. NACE SP0290 was used as standard criteria of cathodic protection. Examinations werearried to observe the influent of protecting current at power supply ‘on’ and ‘off’ that was obtained before and after cathodic protection, such as open circuit potential (OCP) at switch ‘on’ up to 3 minutes and then switch ‘off’ up to 4 hours, tafel polarisation to record corrosion potential, polarisation resistant, corrosion rate at initial and after application of protecting current. Cyclic polarisation test was performed to know susceptibility of pitting corrosion on the rebar concrete. The resultshowed that this techniquehave been successfullyapplied and have been meet standard criteria of NACE SP02090. Their corrosion potential of rebar concrete obtained after 4 hours of switch ‘off’ lower as well as corrosion rate compared to sample without protecting current (PPC 1) during 30 days submerged in the seawater. Pitting corrosion not found in the all of samples.

MODEL OFF-LINE UNTUK SIMULASI PROSES PEMURNIAN BAJA DI VACUUM TANK DEGASSER (VTD) [Off-Line Model for Refining Steel Process Simulation in Vacuum Tank Degasser (VTD) Zulhan, Zulfiadi
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 2 (2012): Metalurgi Vol. 27 No. 2 Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

MODEL OFF-LINE UNTUK SIMULASI PROSES PEMURNIAN BAJA DI VACUUM TANKDEGASSER (VTD). Teknologi vacuum tank degasser (VTD) telah diaplikasikan di industri baja untukmenghasilkan produk baja yang berkualitas tinggi terutama untuk produk-produk yang mempunyai kandungangas-gas terlarut (hidrogen dan nitrogen) rendah, serta kandungan karbon dan sulfur sangat rendah. Model off-linedikembangkan untuk mensimulasikan tahapan proses yang terjadi pada proses VTD yaitu mulai dari ladle tiba diVTD, proses pemvakuman, flooding hingga baja selesai diperlakukan di VTD. Selain itu, model ini dapatdigunakan sebagai Level 2 pengontrolan proses yang dilakukan secara on-line. Perubahan temperatur, komposisikarbon, gas-gas terlarut, sulfur, serta kemungkinan terjadinya boiling di VTD sebagai fungsi waktu dapatdiprediksi dengan model off-line ini.AbstractOFF-LINE MODEL FOR REFINING STEEL PROCESS SIMULATION IN VACUUM TANK DEGASSER(VTD). Vacuum Tank Degasser (VTD) has been applied in industry to produce high quality steel especially forsteel products which have low hydrogen and nitrogen contents as well as ultra low carbon and sulphur contents.An off-line model was developed and presented in this paper to simulate process steps to be performed on VTDstarting from ladle arriving treatment position, vacuum treatment, flooding till treatment end. Furthermore, thisoff-line model could be used as Level 2 automation control system for operator guider. Steel temperature,carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur contents and the possibility for steel boiling during vacuum treatmentcan be predicted using this model.

APLIKASI SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION (SPD) DAN HEAVY COLD ROLLING PADA BAJA TAHAN KARAT AUSTENITIK 316L[The Application of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) and Heavy Cold Rolling of Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L] Mabruri, Efendi
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 1 (2012): Metalurgi Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

APLIKASI SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION (SPD) DAN HEAVY COLD ROLLING PADA BAJA TAHAN KARAT AUSTENITIK 316L. Untuk meningkatkan kekuatan baja tahan karat austenitik, penghalusan butir sampai ukuran submikron (ultra fine grain) merupakan metoda yang efektif. Tulisan ini melaporkan aplikasi severe plastic deformation (SPD) menggunakan equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) dan aplikasi heavy cold rolling terhadap baja tahan karat austenitik SS 316L. Hasil percobaaan menunjukkanbahwa sifat mekanik baja tahan karat austenitik 316L dapat ditingkatkan secara signifikan masing-masing dengan kedua teknik tersebut. ECAP pass 1 (single pass) dengan regangan 0,65 dapat meningkatkan kekuatantarik baja tahan karat austenitik 316L menjadi 1,6 kali lipat, sedangkan heavy cold rolling 80 % dengan regangan 1,65 dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tarik menjadi 2,1 kali lipat. Pemanasan anil pada suhu 750 °C menurunkan kekuatan tarik menjadi 1055,14 MPa tetapi nilai tersebut masih jauh lebih tinggi dari kekuatan tarik pada kondisi awal (solution treatment) sebesar 655,53 Mpa. AbstractTHE APPLICATION OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION (SPD) AND HEAVY COLD ROLLING OFAUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL 316L. The grain refinement down to ultrafine sizes is the efective methodfor strengthening of austenitic stainless steel. This paper reports the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and the application of heavy cold rolling on the austeniticstainless steel (SS) 316L. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of SS 316L can be increased significantly by these two techniques. The single pass-ECAP with 0.65 strain increased tensile strength of SS 316L by 1.6 times, whereas heavy cold rolling with 80% reduction and 1.65 strain increased tensile strength by 2.1 times. The annealing treatment at 750 °C decreased tensile strength of 80 % cold rolled SS 316L down to 1055.14 Mpa, however this value is still much larger compared to that of solution treated onesof 655.53 Mpa.

Indeks, Panduan Jurnal Metalurgi, Redaksi
Metalurgi Vol 32, No 2 (2017): Metalurgi Vol. 32 No. 2 Agustus 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

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indeks, panduan Jurnal Metalurgi, Redaksi
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 1 (2011): Metalurgi Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

cover, daftar isi, abstrak Andriyah, Lia
Metalurgi Vol 33, No 1 (2018): Metalurgi Vol. 33 No. 1 April 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

MONASITE BANGKA DAN ALTERNATIF PROSES PENGOLAHANNYA Subagja, Rudi
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.1 April 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

MONASITE BANGKA DAN ALTERNATIF PROSES PENGOLAHANNYA. Pada penelitian ini telahdilakukan pengamatan terhadap monasite dari daerah Bangka dengan menggunakan alat EPMA (electron probemicro analyser) untuk melihat struktur mikronya, Difraksi sinar X (XRD) untuk melihat senyawanya dan X-RayFluorosensi (XRF) untuk melihat komposisi kimianya. Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa monasite Bangkamengandung unsur tanah jarang Th, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, dan Y, dimanaunsur-unsur Lantanum (La), Cerium (Ce), ytterium (Y), Neodimium (Nd), Phospor (P) dan Oksigen (O)merupakan unsur unsur dominan. Kandungannya unsur thorium oksida 3,99 % dan oksida tanah jarang lainnya59,35 %. Hasil pengamatan dengan EPMA memperlihatkan bahwa dalam monasite, unsur-unsur tanah jarangmembentuk ikatan kimia yang komplek satu dengan lainnya, sehingga alternatif proses pemisahan unsur tanahjarang dari monasite Bangka adalah melalui proses digesti dengan asam atau dekomposisi basa yang dilanjutkandengan proses pelarutan dan solven ekstraksi.

ANALISIS SIFAT LISTRIK NANOKOMPOSIT Fe0,5-C0,5 [Analysis Of Electrical Properties Of Fe0.5-C0.5 Nanocomposite] Yunafsi, Yunafsi
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 1 (2015): Metalurgi Vol.30 No.1 APRIL 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Telah dilakukan analisis sifat listrik nanokomposit Fe0,5-C0,5. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapat bahan nanokomposit berbasis karbon yang memiliki sifat listrik lebih tinggi, dalam rangka pengaplikasiannya di bidang elektronik. Nanokomposit Fe0,5-C0,5 dibuat dari campuran serbuk Fe dan serbuk grafit dengan perbandingan berat 1 : 1, kemudian dilakukan proses milling selama 50 jam. Hasil identifikasi pola difraksi sinar-X (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) menunjukkan bahwa proses milling selama 50 jam terdapat puncak intensitas difraksi yang didominasi oleh fasa C(002) dan Fe(101), dan analisis data XRD menunjukkan ukuran butiran serbuk C sekitar 8 nm dan Fe sekitar 16 nm. Morfologi permukaan yang diukur dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa ukuran serbuk Fe-C sebelum proses milling>10 µm, dan setelah proses milling selama 50 jam menunjukkan ukuran sekitar 50 nm.Hasil analisis ukuran partikel dan luas permukaan nanokomposit Fe0,5-C0,5 masing-masing adalah 50 nm dan 705 m2/g. Dengan demikian, proses milling selama 50 jam terhadap campuran komposit Fe0,5-C0,5 dapat menghasilkan nanokomposit Fe0,5-C0,5. Sifat listrik nanokomposit Fe0,5-C0,5 yang diukur dengan alat LCR (Inductance : L, Capacitance : C, and Resistance : R) meter menunjukkan nilai konduktivitas 2,56 S/cm dan kapasitansi 0,15 µF pada frekuensi 100 kHz. Nanokomposit Fe-C menunjukkan sifat listrik lebih tinggi bila dibanding dengan komposit Fe-C berukuran mikro. AbstractAnalysis of electrical properties of Fe0.5-C0.5 nanocomposite has been carried out. This study was conductedto obtain carbon-based composite material that has higher electrical properties in the framework of itsapplication in electronics field. Fe0.5-C0.5 nanocomposite was prepared from a mixture of Fe powder andgraphite powder with weight ratio of 1: 1. Then it milled for 50 hours. Identification of X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern showed that during such 50-hours milling process, the intensity of the diffraction peaks wasdominated by phase C (002) and Fe (101). The results of XRD data analysis showed the grain size of powderof about 25 nm and 36 nm for C and Fe, respectively. Surface morphology measured by SEM showed thatthe size of the Fe-C powder before milling process >10 μm, and after milled for 50 hours showed a size ofabout 50 nm.The analysis results of particle size and surface area of Fe0.5-C0.5 nanocomposite obtained, i.e.50 nm and 705m2/g, respectively.Thus, the process of milling for 50 hours against a mixture of Fe0.5-C0.5composite can produce Fe0.5-C0.5 nanocomposite. Electrical properties of nanocomposite Fe0.5-C0.5 measuredby a LCR (Inductance : L, Capacitance : C, and Resistance : R) meter showed the value of conductivity of2.56 S / cm and capacitance of 0.15 μF at frequency of 100 kHz. Fe0.5-C0.5 nanocomposite shows the higherthe electric properties when compared with the Fe-C micro-sized composite.

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