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All Journal Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Metalurgi Metalurgi
Florentinus Firdiyono
Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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OPTIMIZING OF TiO2 SEPARATION FROM BANGKA ILMENITE BY LEACHING PROCESS USING HCl Wahyuningsih, Sayekti; Hidayatullah, Hari; Pramono, Edi; Rahardjo, Sentot Budi; Ramelan, Ari Handono; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Sulistiyono, Eko
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia

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Abstract

Separation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from ilmenite Bangka has been done byleaching processusing HCl. Before the leaching process, ilmenite was roastedat 900oC for pre-oxidation (preliminary - oxidation). Leaching process carried out by variation of HCl concentration and Fe0reducing agents. While the re-deposition of dissolved Ti4 +ionachieved by hydrolysis - condensation using 2- propanol - H2O solvents.Leaching the pre-oxidazed ilmenite shows the phase change of  pseudobrokite (Fe2TiO5 ) into hematite ( Fe2O3) and synthetic rutile ( TiO2 ). Formation of the synthetic rutile was characterized by the loss of intensity of Fe2TiO5 at 26.65 º and the increasing intensity of rutile TiO2 at 27.49 º.The dissolution rate of both titanium and iron wasfound to be increased, generally, by increasing acid concentration in case of HCl as well as by increasing ilmenite:Fe0 ratio. Precipitation ofthe dissolved titania with 2-propanol -H2Oof 8:2(v /v) produced anataseTiO2 due to the hydrolysis and condensation of Ti-tetraisopropoxide complexes.
PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN FASA INTERMETALIK Nb3Sn DENGAN PROSES SINTERING LOGAM NIOBIUM (Nb) DAN TIMAH (Sn) Firdiyono, Florentinus; Pramono, Andika Widya; Sebleku, Pius; Ciptasari, Nurhayati Indah; Suryantoro, Anton
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 3 (2011): Metalurgi Vol. 26 No. 3 Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (632.387 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v26i3.19

Abstract

Penentuan kondisi optimum meliputi waktu milling Nb dan Sn dengan HEM (High Energy Milling), perbandingan jumlah Nb dan Sn, waktu dan temperatur pemanasan campuran Nb dan Sn. Pengamatan karakterisasi Nb3Sn yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan  menggunakan DTA (Differential Thermal Analyzer), XRD ( X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning   Electron Microscope) dan EDS (Enegy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy). Analisis dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD menunjukkan waktu minimum yang diperlukan untuk milling campuran Nb dan Sn adalah 3 jam, sedangkan hasil dari analisis DTA menunjukkan pembentukan Nb3Sn terjadi pada temperatur sekitar 700 °C. Analisis XRD terhadap campuran Nb dan Sn menunjukkan bahwa makin lama waktu pemanasan maka fasa intermetalik Nb3Sn yang terbentuk akan semakin banyak. Abstract Determination of optimum conditions include milling time of Nb and Sn with HEM, ratio of Nb and Sn, heating time and heating temperature of mixed Nb and Sn. Characterization of Nb3Sn produced from the process was performed using DTA, XRD, SEM and EDS. The results of SEM and XRD analysis showed the minimum time needed for milling Nb and Sn are 3 hours, and the result of DTA analysis showed the intermetalic phase of Nb3Sn was occured at the temparetuir around 700 °C. The result of XRD analysis for mixed Nb and Sn showed that by the increasing of heating time will produced more intermetalic phase of Nb3Sn.
PEMBUATAN KAWAT SUPERKONDUKTOR MULTI-FILAMEN Cu-Nb-Sn DENGAN METODA SERBUK DALAM TABUNG [Production Of Cu-Nb-Sn Multifilamenary Superconductor Wire By Powder-In-Tube Method] Firdiyono, Florentinus
Metalurgi Vol 30, No 1 (2015): Metalurgi Vol.30 No.1 APRIL 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (544.859 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v30i1.109

Abstract

Telah dilakukan percobaan pembuatan konduktor Nb3Sn dengan cara PIT (powder-in-tube) untuk  aplikasi  medan  magnet  tinggi.  Superkonduktor  Cu-Nb-Sn adalah  salah  satu  jenis superkonduktor  temperatur  rendah  yang  cocok  untuk aplikasi  pada  peralatan  MRI  (magnetic  resonance imaging). Percobaan pembuatan kawat superkonduktor multi-filamen jenis Cu-Nb-Sn ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan proses yaitu: preparasi bahan, proses pemesinan, penarikan kawat, dan proses perlakukan panas.  Proses pencampuran serbuk  Nb dan  Sn  dilakukan menggunakan HEM  (high  energy  milling)  agar diperoleh campuran yang sempurna. Perlakuan panas terhadap kawat dilakukan pada temperatur 700°C selama96 jam agar serbuk Nb dan serbuk Sn dapat berdifusi satu sama lain membentuk fasa inter-metalik Nb3Sn sehingga  kawat  menjadi bersifat superkonduktor. Pengamatan mikrostuktur kawat  multi-filamen dilakukan terhadap potongan penampang melintang maupun membujur. Pengamatan mikrostruktur dengan SEM (scanning electron microscopy) dan EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) dilakukan terhadap kawat hasil perlakuan panas tersebut untuk melihat adanya pembentukkan Nb3Sn di dalam kawat multi-filamen. AbstractExperimental process to produce Nb3Sn conductors, based on the powder-in-tube (PIT) method, have beendeveloped for application high field magnets. Cu-Nb-Sn superconductor is one type of low temperaturesuperconductor that suitable to be applied for MRI eqiupment. The experiments to produce these multifilamensuperconductor wires were done through some steps such as: sample preparation, machining process,wire drawing, and heat treatment process. Perfectly mixing of Nb - Sn powder was needed, so the processwas done by using High Energy Mill (HEM). The wires containing Nb-Sn powder was subsequently heattreated at 700°C in 96 hours for the formation of the superconducting Nb3Sn phase by diffusion reaction ofNb-Sn powder mixture. Microstructure observation of multi-filamen wires was done through the longitudinaldan transverse cross section. Microstructure observation was done by using SEM and EDS to observed theformation of the superconducting Nb3Sn phase inside the multi-filamen wires.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN GAS OKSIGEN PADA TAHAP PEMBUATAN MATERIAL Ba-Ca-Cu-O[Effect of Oxygen Gas Usage at the Preparation Stage of Ba-Ca-Cu-O Material] Imaduddin, Agung; firdiyono, Florentinus; Sebleku, Pius; Suryantoro, Anton; Lestari, Franciska Pramuji
Metalurgi Vol 28, No 1 (2013): Metalurgi Vol.28 No.1 April 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (567.277 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v28i1.243

Abstract

PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN GAS OKSIGEN PADA TAHAP PEMBUATAN MATERIAL Ba-Ca-Cu-O.Sejak ditemukannya superkonduktor oksida tembaga tahun 1986 yang mempunyai suhu kritis (TC) tinggi,perhatian dunia semakin tertuju pada bahan ini untuk menemukan superkonduktor dengan TC yang lebih tinggilagi. Superkonduktor jenis ini berbasis Hg merupakan superkonduktor dengan nilai TC tertinggi diantara jenislainnya. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan bahan precursor berupa pencampuran bahan serbukBaCO3, CaCO3 dan CuO secara manual, dan kemudian dipanaskan di dalam tungku pada suhu 900 C dan 930C selama 12 jam dengan variabel pemakaian gas oksigen dan aliran udara. Dari hasil analisa XRD (x-raydiffraction) didapatkan senyawa BaCuO2, dan juga berdasarkan analisa FWHM (full width at half maximum)pada puncak tertinggi dan hasil analisa EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), diketahui bahwa pemanasan padasuhu 930 C dan pemakaian gas oksigen dapat mengoptimalkan reaksi pembentukan BaCuO2 dan meningkatkankritalisasi senyawa BaCuO2 yang terjadi. AbstractSince the discovery of Copper-oxide superconductors in 1986 which having a high critical temperature (TC),the world's attention is increasingly focused on these materials to find superconductors with even higher TC.Hg-based superconductors are superconductors with highest TCvalue among other types. In this work, we hasprepared precursor by mixing BaCO3, CaCO3 and CuO powder manually. , And then heated in the furnace attemperatures of 900 C and 930 C for 12 hours with the use of variable oxygen gas and air flow. Regardingto the analysis of XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer), we obtained BaCuO2 compounds, and also based on analysisof FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) at its highest peak and the results of EDS analysis, it was knownthat heating at temperatures of 930 C and the using of oxygen gas optimizes the reaction formation ofBaCuO2 and improvesthe crystallization of BaCuO2 compounds.
The Effect of pH and Sodium Silicate Dosage on the Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Artificial Brine Water Using Chemical Precipitation Techniques Lalasari, Latifa Hanum; Sulistiyono, Eko; Harjanto, Sri; Irawan, Januar; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Arini, Tri; Andriyah, Lia; Suharyanto, Ariyo; Natasha, Nadia Chrisayu; Yunita, Fariza Eka
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 3 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 3 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.728

Abstract

This study aims to report the findings of an investigation into the separation of lithium and magnesium ions in the artificial brine water. The artificial brine water contains concentrations of magnesium, calcium, and lithium cations that closely resemble the concentrations seen in natural brine water sourced from Gunung Panjang using magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and lithium chloride p.a. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of pH and the addition of sodium silicate on the separation of magnesium and calcium ions from lithium ions in artificial brine water. The best outcomes were achieved when the pH of the brine water was set at 10, and sodium silicate was added in a stoichiometric ratio of 219%. These parameters led to a lithium content of 90.06%, magnesium removal of  70.32%, and a Mg/Li ratio of 6.29, indicating a substantial presence of magnesium ions precipitated as solids with pyroxene (MgSiO3) phase. This research also succeeded in increasing the lithium content by 94.28% and reducing the Mg/Li ratio to 4.96 after the precipitated solids were subjected to a water-leaching process.
MORPHOLOGY AND RESISTIVITY VALUE OF FLOURINE-DOPED TIN OXIDE (FTO) USING INDONESIAN LOCAL DIMETHYLTIN DICHLORIIDE (DTMC) PRECURSORS Rizki, Apti Mira; Yunita, Fariza Eka; Lalasari, Latifa Hanum; Irawan, Januar; Arini, Tri; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Andriyah, Lia; Natasha, Nadia Chrisayu; Yuwono, Akhmad Herman
Metalurgi Vol 37, No 3 (2022): Metalurgi Vol. 37 No. 3 Desember 2022
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1481.393 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/metalurgi.v37i3.685

Abstract

Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) is the main component for solar cell fabrication. One of the promising types of TCO is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The method used in depositing the conductive layer of FTO is spray pyrolysis with an ultrasonic nebulizer. The precursor is a local Indonesian product, dimethyl tin dichloride (DMTC), with doping ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The variable that used in this study were variations in deposition time (5. 10. 15. 20, and 25 minutes) with a fixed substrate temperature at 300°C and doping variations (un-doped, 2 wt.% doped and 8 wt.% doped) to see the effect of adding F doping to the precursor solution. The resistivity value with deposition time of 5. 10. 15. 20 and 25 minute (2 wt.% doped) is 0.218x100; 0.449x10-1; 1,567x10-2; 0.676x10-2 0.377x10-2 Ω.cm. For doping variations (un-doped, 2 wt% doped and 8 wt% doped) the value is 0.883x10-2; 0.377x10-2; 0.506x10-3 Ω.cm. There is a decreasing trend in the resistivity values obtained along with the increase in deposition time and the addition of doping to obtain better conductive properties. The grain size will increase with increasing deposition time and the addition of doping. The optimum resistivity value obtained in this study was 0.377x10-2 Ω.cm, obtained at the deposition time of 25 minutes with 2 wt.% doping.
Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanocrystallites with Various Calcination Temperatures Using Co-Precipitation Method with Local Tin Chloride Precursor Panthoko, Norbert Egan Christo; Septiningrum, Fairuz; Yuwono, Akhmad Herman; Nurhidayah, Eka; Maulana, Fakhri Akbar; Sofyan, Nofrijon; Dhaneswara, Donanta; Lalasari, Latifa Hanum; Arini, Tri; Andriyah, Lia; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Ardianto, Yahya Winda; Pawan, Ria Wardhani
Metalurgi Vol 38, No 1 (2023): Metalurgi Vol. 38 No. 1 2023
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (723.013 KB) | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2023.687

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest tin metal producers in the world, and one of its derivative products is tin chloride (SnCl4). This material has been used as a raw ingredient for the production of organotin compounds such as methyltin mercaptide for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic industry as a heat stabilizer. On the other hand, this precursor can be used to synthesize SnO2 nanomaterials, which have other strategic potentials, including photocatalysts and solar cell applications. In this study, the synthesis of SnO2 nanocrystallites was carried out using a local tin chloride precursor via the co-precipitation method, followed by a calcination process at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C, for further usage as an ETL (electron transport layer) in a PSC (perovskite solar cell) device. The basic properties characterization was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), while the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curve photovoltaic performance of the device was performed using a semiconductor parameter analyzer. The characterization results showed that increasing the calcination temperature from 300 to 600 °C increased the average crystallite size from 1.19 to 13.75 nm and decreased the band gap energy from 3.57 to 3.10 eV. The highest PCE (power conversion efficiency) was obtained from the device fabricated with SnO2 nanocrystallites calcined at a temperature of 300 °C, which was 0.0024%. This result was obtained due to the highest transmittance of this sample as compared to others; the higher the transmittance, the better the performance of the ETL, which in turn increased the overall efficiency of the PSC
Study of Iron and Calcium Removal on Manganese Sulfate Precursors for Battery Cathode Raw Material Applications Hakim, Agsel Fauzia; Andriyah, Lia; Oediyani, Soesaptri; Lalasari, Latifa Hanum; Sulistiyono, Eko; Irawan, Januar; Arini, Tri; Yunita, Fariza Eka; Suharyanto, Ariyo; Setiawan, Iwan; Firdiyono, Florentinus; Yuwono, Akhmad Herman
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 2 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 2 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.753

Abstract

Global battery sales are expected to reach $310.8 billion in 2027, up 14.1% from 2020. 95% of the world's batteries are lead-acid, lithium-ion, or nickel-based. One of the most popular batteries on the global market is lithium-ion, which uses MnSO4 powder as its cathode raw material. Manganese sulfate-based lithium-ion batteries can be made using Indonesian resources, specifically manganese ore from Trenggalek. Trenggalek manganese ore is of poor quality and contains impurities, primarily Fe and Ca. To produce 98% powder manganese sulfate, the solution is prepared, reduced with briquette charcoal, leached, precipitated, carbonated, and crystallised. NH4OH reagent is used to remove Fe through precipitation, and the carbonatation process is employed to eliminate Ca, resulting in 97.237% purity of manganese sulfate powder product. This outcome is achieved under precipitation process conditions of [NH4OH 2M], T = 80 °C, pH = 4, t =180 minutes, while carbonatation process conditions are T=50 °C, t = 120 minutes.
Co-Authors Agung Imaduddin, Agung Akhmad Herman Yuwono Andika Widya Pramono Andriyah, Lia Ardianto, Yahya Winda Ari Handono Ramelan Ciptasari, Nurhayati Indah Dhaneswara, Donanta Edi Pramono Eko Sulistiyono, Eko Hakim, Agsel Fauzia Hari Hidayatullah, Hari Irawan, Januar Iwan Setiawan Lalasari, Latifa Hanum Lestari, Franciska Pramuji Maulana, Fakhri Akbar Natasha, Nadia Chrisayu Nofrijon Sofyan, Nofrijon Nurhidayah, Eka Panthoko, Norbert Egan Christo Pawan, Ria Wardhani Pius Sebleku Rizki, Apti Mira Sayekti Wahyuningsih Sentot Budi Rahardjo Septiningrum, Fairuz Soesaptri Oediyani Sri Harjanto Suharyanto, Ariyo Suryantoro, Anton Tri Arini, Tri Yunita, Fariza Eka