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INDONESIA
JURNAL PANGAN
Published by Perusahaan Umum Badan Urusan Logistik
ISSN : 08520607     EISSN : 25276239     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Social Sciences
PANGAN merupakan sebuah jurnal ilmiah yang dipublikasikan oleh Pusat Riset dan Perencanaan Strategis Perum BULOG, terbit secara berkala tiga kali dalam setahun pada bulan April, Agustus, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 807 Documents
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Kajian Model Agroindustri Padi Berbasis Klaster (Study of Cluster-Based Rice Agroindustry Models) Suismono Suismono; Ridwan Rachmat; Agus Supriatna Somantri; Rudy Tjahjohutomo
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.80

Abstract

Penerapan Model Agroindustri Padi berbasis klaster bertujuan untuk menghasilkan beras berkualitas dalam skala besar secara kontinyu. Selama ini kualitas beras yang ada di pasaran sangat beragam, dan secara kuantitatif jumlah beras yang berkualitas masih terbatas, terutama di luar Jawa. Hal ini disebabkan beras yang ada di pasaran disuplai oleh penggilingan skala kecil, menengah dan besar yang beragam kualitasnya, serta adanya manipulasi mutu beras di tingkat penggilingan padi dan pedagang beras. Model agroindustri berbasis klaster dimaksudkan adanya kerjasama antara penggilingan padi skala kecil dan menengah (sebagai klaster) dengan penggilingan padi skala besar (sebagai inti). Pada tahap awal kerjasama difokuskan pada aspek prosesing karena teknologi penggilingan padi skala kecil menengah masih terbatas. Pola kerjasama ini akan menghasilkan beras berkualitas sedang, kemudian diproses lagi oleh penggilingan padi skala besar agar menghasilkan beras berkualitas. Pada tahap selanjutnya, bila penggilingan padi skala kecil-menengah telah mampu menghasilkan beras berkualitas, kerjasama dengan penggilingan padi skala besar dilanjutkan pada aspek pemasaran beras. Kajian penerapan model agroindustri padi berbasis klaster dilakukan di Sulawesi Selatan dan non Klaster di Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penerapan model penggilingan padi berbasis klaster pada tahap awal perbaikan teknologi penggilingan padi dapat menghasilkan beras berkualitas premium dalam skala besar.The application of Rice Agroindustry Models-based clusters to produce the quality rice in a large-scale continuously. Rice quality on the market are very diverse, and the quantitative amount of quality rice is still limited, especially outside Java. This is due to the existing of rice in the market is supplied by small-scale, medium and large that produced various quality of rice, as well as the manipulation of the quality rice in rice milling and rice traders. Rice Agroindustry Models-based clusters meant the cooperation between small-scale rice mills and medium (as a cluster) with a large-scale rice milling (the core). In the early stages of cooperation, it is focused on technological aspects of rice processing for small and medium scale rice milling to produce resulting the medium quality rice, then re-processed by the large-scale rice milling that produce the high quality rice. At a later stage, when small-scale rice milling have been able to produce high quality rice, the cooperation with large-scale rice milling is expanded in the rice marketing aspects. Study of the Rice Agroindustry Models-based clusters performed in South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi for non cluster. The results of the application the Rice Agroindustry Models-based clusters in the early stages show that improvement of rice milling technology can produce premium quality rice on a large scale. 
Analisis Proses Keputusan Pembelian, Persepsi dan Sikap Konsumen Terhadap Beras Organik di Jabotabek (An Analysis of Purchasing Decision, Perceptions and Consumer Attitudes Toward Organic Rice in Jabodetabek) Ujang Sumarwan; Aldi Noviandi; Kirbrandoko Kirbrandoko
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.81

Abstract

Permintaan beras organik terus meningkat, seiring dengan kesadaran konsumen tentang kesehatan. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah menyelidiki preferensi dan konsumsi beras organik serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi preferensi dan konsumsi beras organik tersebut. Penelitian terdahulu belum menyelidiki bagaimana konsumen melakukan proses keputusan pembelian beras organik, serta bagaimana sikap konsumen terhadap beras organik dan nonorganik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proses keputusan, persepsi dan sikap konsumen dalam pembelian beras organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori proses keputusan konsumen, teori persepsi dan sikap konsumen. Sejumlah 115 orang responden diwawancarai di Jakarta, Depok dan Bogor (Jabodetabek). Analisis deskriptif dan Model Sikap Multiatribut Fishbein digunakan untuk analisisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses keputusan pembelian beras organik melalui tahap pengenalan kebutuhan, pencarian informasi, evaluasi alternatif, pembelian, dan evaluasi pasca pembelian. Responden memiliki persepsi bahwa harga beras organik lebih mahal dibandingkan beras nonorganik.Previous studies have shown the preferences and consumptions of organic rice and factors that influenced those preferences and consumptions of organic rice. However, previous studies did not investigate consumers’ decision processes of buying, perceptions and attitudes toward organic rice, Based on the results of previous studies, the objectives of the study were to analyze the consumers’ decision processes of buying organic rice, consumers’ perception and attitudes toward organic rice’s attributes. This study used theory of consumer decision making processes, perceptions and attitudes. The numbers of respondents were 115 who were interviewed in Jakarta, Depok and Bogor areas. Descriptive statistics and Fishbein method were employed to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the respondents’ decision making of buying organic rices were through five steps: need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchasing, and post purchase evaluation. Respondents also perceived that price of organic rice were more expensive than that of non-organic rice. Respondents also showed their attitudes toward organic rice were higher than that of non-organic rice. The respondents were more likely with organic rice than non-organic rice. 
Screening Varietas Padi Lokal Kalimantan Tengah Terhadap Serangan Sitophilus oryzae selama Penyimpanan (Screening of Local Rice Varieties from Central Kalimantan to Sitophilus oryzae Attack During Storage) Elmi Kamsiati; Emmy Darmawati; Yadi Haryadi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.82

Abstract

Beras merupakan komoditas penting, karena merupakan makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia termasuk di propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Selama penyimpanan, beras dapat rusak, baik karena pengaruh lingkungan maupun serangan hama pascapanen. Sitophilus oryzae merupakan serangga hama pascapanen yang banyak menyerang beras selama penyimpanan, menyebabkan susut bobot dan kualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyeleksi resistensi dari beberapa varietas beras lokal Kalimantan Tengah. Delapan varietas beras diuji terhadap serangan S.oryzae. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks perkembangan yang paling rendah terdapat pada varietas Siam Jurut, diikuti oleh Siam Palun, Siam Palas dan Bayar Pahit yang menjadi varietas resisten. Siam Unus memiliki nilai indeks perkembangan yang medium. Sedangkan varietas Rantul, Siam Pandak dan Karang Dukuh memiliki indeks perkembangan yang tinggi. Setelah penyimpanan, kelompok resisten mimiliki persentase susut bobot dan biji berlubang yang rendah dibanding kelompok yang rentan.Rice is an important commodity as it is the staple food of most of the Indonesian people, including in the regions of Central Kalimantan. During storage, the rice can be damaged due to environmental factors as well as postharvest pest. Sitophilus oryzae is postharvest insect pest that attacks rice during storage causing quantity and quality losses. The objective of this research is to screen resistance of several local rice varieties of Central Kalimantan. Eight rice varieties were tested against S.oryzae. The result of this research shows that the lowest index of susceptibility was Siam jurut, followed by Siam palun, Siam palas, and Bayar Pahit which were resistant varieties. Siam unus had a medium index of susceptibility. Rantul, Siam pandak and Karang dukuh had a high index of susceptibility. After storage, the resistant group had lower quantity losses, lower amount of damaged grains, and lower moisture contents than those classified in the susceptible group. 
Pengaruh Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Hayati BPF Terhadap Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Empat Genotip Hanjeli (Coix lacryma jobi L.) (The Effect of NPK Fertilizer and Biofertilizer BPF on Growth Character and Yield of Four Genotypes Cereal Grains (Coix Lacryma jobi L.)) Warid Ali Qosim; Tati Nurmala; Aep Wawan Irwan; Martha C. Damanik
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.83

Abstract

Tanaman hanjeli (Coix lacryma jobi L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman serealia potensial sebagai bahan pangan (karbohidrat) berbasis tepung. Untuk menunjang ekspresi genetik plasma nutfah hanjeli berdaya hasil dan kandungan lemak tinggi diperlukan kondisi lingkungan yang optimal. Salah satunyaadalah ketersediaan unsur hara di dalam tanah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan genotip hanjeli yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan informasi jenis dan dosis pupuk yang optimal dalam mendukung potensi genetik hanjeli berdaya hasil tinggi. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Novembar 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unpad Kampus Jatinangor, Sumedang dengan ketinggian 799 m dpl. Percobaan ditata dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua ulangan. Perlakuan adalah kombinasi genotip hanjeli dan pupuk. Genotip hanjeli, yaitu: #Acc 26 (G1); #Acc 28 (G2); #Acc 37 (G3); #Acc 38 (G4), sedangkan kombinasi pupuk hayati BPF (Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat) dan pupuk NPK, yaitu: pupuk NPK dosis 0 kg/ha (Po); pupuk NPK dosis 300 kg/ha (P1); pupuk NPK dosis 300 kg/ha + BPF (P2); pupuk NPK dosis 200 kg/ha + BPF (P3); pupuk NPK dosis 150 kg/ha + BPF(P4). Data diolah menggunakan uji-F pada taraf 5 persen. Untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan karakter yang diamati dilaksanakan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada taraf 5 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotip #Acc 26, #Acc 28, #Acc 37, #Acc 38 memiliki penampilan yang bervariatif akibat dari perlakuan jenis dan dosis pupuk untuk karakter jumlah buku, jumlah dan bobot biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji dan untuk karakter jumlah biji, bobot biji per tanaman dan bobot biji per plot. Pengaruh perlakuan dosis pupuk NPK 300 kg/ha + BPF dan NPK 200 kg/ha + BPF memberikan perlakuan lebih baik pada genotip #Acc 37 dan #Acc 38 terutama untuk karakter jumlah biji per tanaman dan bobot biji per plot.Job’s tear (Coix lacryma jobi L.) is one of potential cereal crops as flour-based food carbohydrate source. To support the expression of genetic germplasm of Job’s tear with high yielding and fat contents requires optimal environmental conditions, such as availability of nutrient in the soil. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum effect of various NPK and biofertilizer PSB (Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) doses in supporting the growth and characters of job’s tears with high yielding. The experiment was carried out from March to November 2012 at experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD Jatinangor Campus (799 m asl). The experiment was arranged in completly randomized block design with two replications, and with the combination of genotypes and various of NPK doses and biofertilizer PSB. Genotypes of job’s tears were. #Acc 26 (G1); #Acc 28 (G2); #Acc 37 (G3); #Acc 38 (G4), while various NPK doses and biofertilizer PSB were 0 kg/ha (Po); NPK doses of 300 kg/ha (P1); NPK doses of 300 kg/ha + PSB (P2); NPK doses of 200 kg/ha + PSB(P3); NPK doses of 150 kg/ha + PSB (P4). The data were the analyzed using F-test at 5 percent level and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5 percent level. The results showed that these treatments affected the growth and yield characters of four Job’s tears. Genotypes of #Acc 26, #Acc 28, #Acc 37, #Acc 38 gave the best effect on the number of nodes, number and weight of grain per plant and plot. Application of NPK 300 kg/ha + PSB 2 and NPK 200 kg/ha+ PSB gave the best effect on genotypes #Acc 37 and #Acc 38, especially on the characters of number of grain per plant and weight grain per plot.  
Potensi Mekanisasi Budidaya Tebu Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Merauke, Provinsi Papua (Mechanization Potency of Dry Land Sugarcane Cultivation at Merauke County, Papua Province) Gatot Pramuhadi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.84

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi mekanisasi budidaya tebu lahan kering di Kabupaten Merauke, Propinsi Papua. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tanah di wilayah survey (Domande dan Kaliki) sangat potensial dalam menopang operasional mesin untuk pekerjaan pembukaan lahan, pembentukan lahan, dan penyiapan lahan sehingga tanah di wilayah survey berpotensi untuk aplikasi mekanisasi budidaya tebu lahan kering. Semua mesin (alat berat) merk Komatsu dan Caterpillar (ground pressure 0,26– 2,67 kgf/cm2) bisa dioperasikan di wilayah survey karena besar tahanan penetrasi tanah rata-rata hingga kedalaman 10 cm di lokasi survey sebesar 3,58 – 10,33 kgf/cm2. Tanah yang lebih dalam berpotensi memiliki densitas tanah maksimum lebih tinggi dibanding tanah di atasnya, sehingga perlu tindakan pengolahan tanah optimum lebih dari 40 cm. Nilai permeabilitas tanah rata-rata semakin turun pada lapisan tanah yang semakin dalam, yaitu dari 0,2625 mm/jam menjadi 0,0122 mm/jam dan dari 0,2567 mm/jam menjadi 0,0312 mm/jam. Tanah di wilayah survey tergolong tanah berdrainase buruk karena waktu peresapan air rata-rata ke dalam tanah lebih dari 30 hari, sehingga perlu rekayasa untuk membuat saluran-saluran drainase dalam dan kolam penampungan air yang bisa dimanfaatkan tanaman tebu lahan kering pada musim kering (kemarau). Waktu tersedia untuk operasional mesin sebanyak ± 14 hari/bulan dan sesuai untuk budidaya tanaman tebu lahan kering.The objective of the research was to study mechanization potency of dry land sugarcane cultivation in Merauke County, Papua Province with indicators were ability of machines to travel across soil surface on natural or field existing of soil physical and mechanical conditions, and ability of dry land sugarcane to grow and make interaction with new growing environment from planting up to harvesting. Results of the research showed that soil in surveyed region (Domande and Kaliki) were very potential in machines operational supporting for land clearing, land forming, and land preparation so that it had potency for mechanization application of dry land sugarcane cultivation. All machines with trade mark of Komatsu and Caterpillar (ground pressure of 0.26 – 2.67 kgf/cm2) could be operated in surveyed regions because the amount of average soil penetration resistance up to 10 cm depth in the surveyed regions were 3.58 – 10.33 kgf/cm2. Deeper soil layers possessed higher maximum soil dry bulk density than above soil layer, so that it needed optimum soil tillage action more than 40 cm from soil surface. Average soil permeabilities decreased on the deeper soil layers possessed higher maximum soil dry bulk density than above soil layer, so that it needed optimum soil tillage action more than 40 cm from soil surface. Average soil permeabilities decreased on the deeper soil layer, which were from 0.2625 mm/hour became 0.0122 mm/hour and from 0.2567 mm/hour became 0.0312 mm/hour. Soils in surveyed regions were categorized as bad drainage soil because it need average infiltration time more than 30 days, so that it need engineering application to make deep drainage canals and water ponds which can be took advantage by plant during draught season. Operational available time for machines operation was ± 14 days/month and suitable for dry land sugarcane cultivation. 
Kebijakan Swasembada Beras: Keinginan Besar yang Kehilangan Fokus (Rice Self-sufficiency Policy: Big Desire but Losing Focus) M. Husein Sawit
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.85

Abstract

Tantangan swasembada beras semakin tinggi dan risikonya besar. Hal ini disebabkan antara lain oleh buruknya infrastruktur irigasi dan tampungan air, kerusakan aliran sungai dan deforestrasi meluas, konversi lahan sawah, serta perubahan iklim. Kebijakan beras belum fokus. Tujuan makalah ini adalah menelaah implementasi kebijakan beras periode 2010-2012. Hasilnya disimpulkan dan disarankan sebagai berikut: (i) subsidi input terus ditingkatkan namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan produktivitas dan sustainabilitas pertumbuhan produksi padi. Irigasi dan kualitas tampungan air banyak yang rusak, lahan kritis mencapai 68 DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai). Alokasikan APBN yang lebih besar untuk mengatasinya, termasuk deforestasi; (ii) Konversi lahan sulit dibendung, UU 41/2009 belum efektif. Pemda cenderung ingin mengkonversikan lahan sawah. Segera tetapkan moratorium konversi lahan sawah; (iii) Kebijakan menaikkan insentif harga di atas HPP (Harga Pembelian Pemerintah) pada musim gadu telah memicu kenaikan harga beras dan target pengadaan beras BULOG tetap tidak terpenuhi. Pemerintah dianjurkanjangan mengulang kebijakan ad hoc tersebut; (iv) Program GP3K belum mampu meningkatkan produksi dan pengadaan beras BULOG. BUMN sebaiknya fokus untuk memperkuat industri hilir pada sub-sektor pangan.Challenges to maintain rice self-sufficiency and the risks are getting higher. This is due to among others: poor irrigation infrastructure, water reserve, up-streams damage, deforestration, conversion of sawah land, as well as difficult climate change. Government policies designed have not properly focused. This paper is aimed to examine the implementation of rice policy during 2010-2012. This research suggests as follows: (i) despite continuous upgrade on input subsidies, however it did not affect significantly to the increased rice productivity and the sustainability of the growth. Furthermore, many of the irrigation and water reserve are damaged, criticle land reaching to 68 river basins. Therefore, it is recommended to allocate a larger state budget to address these matters, including deforestation; (ii) land conversions are difficult to avoid. Local governments tend to convert paddy fields. To prevent this, it is recommended to immediately set moratorium on conversion of sawah; (iii) the policy in providing price incentives set above the HPP (government procurement price) level on dry season has kept rice prices to rise and BULOG remained incapable of meeting its domestic rice procurement target. The Government recommended do not replicate the ad hoc policies; (iv) GP3K program is not effective to increase rice production and the BULOG procurement. Ministry of State Owned Enterprises should have to play role in enhancing the downstream food industry. 
Menjaga Keberlangsungan Ketahanan Pangan (Keeping Food Security Sustainability) Kaman Nainggolan
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.86

Abstract

Situasi pangan global ditandai oleh penurunan produksi, khususnya serealia. Perdagangan pangan global juga menurun, disertai penurunan stok akhir. Indeks harga dalam beberapa bulan terakhir meningkat akibat penurunan stok pangan. Kenaikan biaya produksi dan fluktuasi nilai tukar yang meningkat di banyak negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia merupakan faktor yang berdampak negatif yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan pangan dan dapat memicu kenaikan harga pangan dalam waktu dekat. Situasi pangan di Indonesia berdasarkan ketersediaan produksi cukup menjanjikan. Selama periode 2008-2012 produksi pangan umumnya meningkat kecuali gula tebu. Stok akhir beras yang dikelola pemerintah sebesar 2,29 juta ton, dan impor beras menurun ke tingkat 674.000 ton tahun 2012. Di pihak lain, proporsi penduduk sangat rawan pangan meningkat dari 11,07 persen tahun 2008 menjadi 17,41 persen tahun 2011. Permasalahan utama adalah bagaimana meningkatkan luas lahan dan produktivitas sektor pertanian dan pedesaan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan pedesaan dan terhindar dari jebakan kemiskinan dan rawan pangan. Investasi di sektor pertanian dan pedesaan harus ditingkatkan untuk membangun infrastruktur pedesaan seperti irigasi, jalan usaha tani, dan pengolahan pangan. Paradigma pembangunan harus dirubah dengan menggunakan model pembangunan yang berorientasi masyarakat melalui proses pemberdayaan. Contoh yang baik adalah program Desa Mandiri Pangan yang telah diapresiasi oleh AGFUND FAO.Global food situation today is characterized by small declining of food production especially cereals. World food trading is also declining, as well as ending stocks. Food prices index in recent months is increasing because of stock declined. Higher production costs and exchange rate fluctuation are increasing in many developing countries including Indonesia. All of these factors can negatively influence food availability and trigger price increase in the near future. The state of our food security, based on food availability is quite promising. During the periods of 2008-2012 our food production was generally good except for sugarcane. Government ending stock of rice was 2.29 million tons, and import declined to 674 000 tons in 2012. Despite good production trends, proportion of extreme food insecured people increases from 11.07 percent in 2008 to 17.41 percent in 2011. The crucial problem is how to increase land size, and agriculture and rural sector productivity to improve rural income and escape from poverty trap. The key element here is to increase investment in agriculture and rural sector. Rural infrastructures such as irrigation, farm roads, and food processing needs to be developed. Development paradigm should be changed from government driven to people driven thru people empowering approach. A good practice is Village Food Resilience Programme which has been appreciated by AGFUND FAO 
Pembangunan Ketahanan Ekonomi dan Pangan Perdesaan Mandiri Berbasis Nilai Tambah (Rural Economic and Food Security Development Based on Added Value Formation) Tajuddin Bantacut
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 2 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i2.87

Abstract

Perdesaan adalah produsen sebagian besar hasil pertanian dan bahan pangan, tetapi belum mampu mandiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan kegiatan ekonominya. Salah satu penyebab utamanya adalah perekonomian perdesaan masih bertumpu pada produksi dan perdagangan produk primer yang nilainya rendah dan harganya tidak stabil. Nilai terbesar yang terkandung dalam hasil pertanian “diangkut” dan dimanfaatkan di perkotaan. Perdesaan kemudian menjadi wilayah pasar dari hasil olahan tersebut. Dalam perspektif inilah perdesaan harus dibangun menjadi pemasok bahan pangan olahan bagi perkotaan yang pada saat bersamaan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan kegiatan ekonominya. Untuk itu, pangan dan ekonomi perdesaan harus bertumpu pada produksinya sendiri melalui pengembangan usaha pembentukan nilai tambah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk (i) membahas pengertian dan kegiatan nilai tambah serta pangan berbasis sumberdaya lokal; (ii) menganalisis pengembangan usaha dan pangan perdesaan melalui program pengembangan masyarakat. Perhitungan nilai tambah dari kegiatan pengolahan hasil pertanian lokal menunjukkan bahwa perdesaan berpotensi untuk membangun kemandirian pangan sekaligus ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, perdesaan dapat dibangun melalui pengembangan kegiatan pengolahan hasil komoditas lokal berbasis masyarakat.Being producer of most agricultural products, rural region has not been self-sufficient in staple food supply and economic activities. Most of rural economics rely on producing and trading of primary (fresh) products which value has been declining in terms of customer expense proportion. The “expensive” value containing in the products is transported to urban for further handling and processing. Then, rural region become costumer of those processed products. In this respect, rural development should be designed to be supplier fo urban population processed food and industrial raw material, and at the same time securing its own people staple food and economic activities. Rural staple food should firstly be based on its own available resources through added value creation activities. This paper discusses added value activities and local resource based food development. At the end, it presents several efforts to develop rural food sovereignty and local economic development through community empowerment program. Calculation added value of a commodity to several processed products shown that rural area has the potency to be independent in economic activities and food supply. Therefore, it is recommended that rural region shoud be developed to be community based product processing center. 
Prospek Penawaran dan Permintaaan Pangan Nasional Menghadapi Tantangan (Global Prospects of National Food Supply and Demand Facing Global Challenges) Handewi Purwanti Saliem; Reni Kustiari
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i1.88

Abstract

Penyediaan pangan ke depan dihadapkan pada tantangan global berikut: populasi dunia tumbuh sekitar 3,4 persen dan berjumlah 9,1 miliar pada 2050, urbanisasi meningkat dengan laju yang semakin tinggi dan sekitar 70 persen dari populasi dunia akan berada di urban area, dan tingkat pendapatan penduduk yang beberapa kali lipat dari saat ini. Menghadapi tantangan global tersebut produksi pangan (termasuk untuk bahan baku energi) harus meningkat sekitar 70 persen. Produksi serealia harus meningkat sekitar 3 miliar ton dari 2,1 miliar pada 2009 dan produksi daging per tahun harus meningkat sebesar 200 juta ton agar mencapai 470 juta ton. Jumlah penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2025 diproyeksikan sekitar 294,3 juta orang. Pada kondisi tersebut, permintaan beras, jagung, kedelai dan ubi kayu diproyeksikan meningkat masing-masing menjadi 46,9 juta ton, 13,8 juta ton, 1,7 juta ton dan 13,3 juta ton. Sementara itu, produksi diproyeksikan meningkat menjadi 58,1 juta ton, 32,7 juta ton, 1,1 juta ton dan 39,4 juta ton masing-masing untuk beras, jagung, kedelai dan ubi kayu. Dengan demikian akan terjadi defisit pada beberapa komoditas pertanian terutama untuk kedelai. Perubahan iklim dan peningkatan produksi biofuel merepresentasikan resiko utama ketahanan pangan pada jangka panjang. Pertanian harus beradaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim, tetapi pertanian dapat juga digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim. Peningkatan penggunaan tanaman pangan untuk produksi biofuel akan mempunyai implikasi yang serius untuk ketahanan pangan. Oleh karenanya diperlukan upaya keras untuk menjaga keseimbangan permintaan dan penawaran di pasar domestik. Hal ini karena Indonesia tidak dapat sepenuhnya bergantung kepada pasar internasional mengingat dampak perubahan iklim telah melanda seluruh negara di dunia yang berarti ketersediaan pangan di pasar internasional akan terbatas.In the future, provision of food for all face global challenging issues, such as theworld's population is growing at about 34 percent and is predicted to be 9.1 billion by 2050, urbanization is increasing at a higher rate, and income levels are several times higher than today. Challenges facing the global food production (including for energy raw materials) must be increased by around 70 percent. Production of cereals should be increased by approximately 3 billion tons from 2.1 billion in 2009 and production of meat per year should be increased by 200 million tons to reach 470 million tons. Indonesia's population in 2025 isprojected around 294.3 million people. In such conditions,demand for rice, corn, soybeans and cassava is projected to increase each to 29.1 million tons, 8.6 million tons, 1.7 million tons and 13.3 million tons. Meanwhile, production is projected to increase to 58.1 million tons, 20.3 million tons, 1.1 million tons and 24.5 million tons for rice, corn, soybeans and cassava. Thus there will be a deficit on a few agricultural commodities especially for soybeans. Climate change and increased production of bio-fuels represents major food security risk in the long run. Agriculture must adapt to climate change, but agriculture can also be used to reduce the impacts of climate change. An increase in the use of food crops for the production of bio-fuels will have serious implications for food security. Therefore, it is required hard efforts to maintain the balance of supply and demand in the domestic market. This is because Indonesia cannot entirely depend on international food market given the impacts of climate change has hit the whole country in the world which means the availability of food in the international market will be limited. 
Perubahan Kualitas Beras Selama Penyimpanan (Change of Rice Quality During Storage) Ratnawati Ratnawati; Mohamad Djaeni; Damin Hartono
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 22 No. 3 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i3.89

Abstract

Penyimpanan merupakan tahap yang menentukan dalam menjamin ketersediaan beras berkualitas. Selama penyimpanan, beras mengalami penyusutan kualitas dan kuantitas yang disebabkan oleh perubahan fisik, kimia, dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan kualitas beras selama penyimpanan. Aspek yang diamati adalah kadar air, butir kepala, menir, patah, dan kuning, serta water uptake dan pertumbuhan kutu beras (Sitophilus oryzae). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga jenis beras, yaitu yang mendekati SNI Mutu III (jenis A) dan IV (jenis B), serta yang tidak memenuhi standar SNI (jenis C). Beras ditempatkan dalam karung plastik berisi 15 kg dan disimpan pada keadaan ambient (temperatur 29–32°C dan kelembaban 65–95 persen). Kualitas beras diamati setiap 15 hari, sedangkan pertumbuhan kutu diamati setiap minggu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar air beras jenis A dan B, dengan nilai awal < 13,5 persen, mengalami kenaikan 0,03 persen/hari sampai mendekati 14,5 persen, sementara jenis C, dengan kadar air awal 15,5 persen, relatif konstan. Beras berkadar air > 14 persen mengalami degradasi akibat reaksi Maillard dan penjamuran yang mengakibatkan warna kuning, penurunan water uptake, serta meningkatnya butir patah dan menir. Selain itu, populasi kutu meningkat dengan kecepatan 3 ekor/100g beras/minggu. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar air beras yang disimpan harus < 14 persen, dan kelembaban udara di unit penyimpan harus dijaga serendah mungkin (< 65 persen).Storage is a crucial stage in ensuring the availability of quality rice. During storage, rice quality and quantity decrease as a cause of changes in physical, chemical, and biological processes. This study is aimed to observe the changesb of rice quality during storage. The quality components measured are moisture content, whole kernel, broken kernel, chips, yellow kernel, water uptake, and the growth of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Three types of rice are used, namely that meet SNI Quality III (type A) and IV (type B), and that does not meet SNI standard (type C). The rice is placed in plastic bags with 15 kg of rice in each bag and stored at ambient conditions (29–32°C and relative humidity of 65–95 percent). Quality of the rice is observed every 15 days, while the growth of weevil is observed every week. The results show that moisture content of rice types A and B, with initial value < 13.5 percent, increases with a rate of 0.03 percent/day, while type C, with initial moisture content of 15.5 percent, is relatively constant. The increase of moisture content causes the rice to be degraded due to the Maillard reaction and mould that yield yellowing, decrease of water uptake, and increase of broken kernel as well as chips. It is also observed that the number of weevil increases during storage with the growth rate of 3 weevils/100g of rice/week. The conclusion of this research is that the initial moisture content of rice to be stored should be < 14 percent, and the humidity of the air in storage room must be kept as low as possible (< 65 percent). 

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