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ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 25033638 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

Intisari Sains Medis is published by Medical Scientific Community, Indonesia. Intisari Sains Medis is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal accepts papers for publication in all aspects of Science Digest, Medical Research Development, Research Medical Field and Theory. We also publish cases from third world country, that is considered very rare and special cases.

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Articles 1,063 Documents

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Clinical characteristics and demographics figures of patients with age-related macular degeneration at a tertiary-level hospital in Denpasar, Bali Bobby Kristianto; Ari Andayani; Anak Agung Mas Putrawati Triningrat; Ni Made Ari Suryathi; I Wayan Gede Jayanegara; I Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a macular disease that characteristically affects the loss of central vision of the elderly. Unlike the western world, Indonesia has a relatively undocumented AMD epidemiology due to a lack of scientific attention, as indicated by few AMD publications. As a result, it is difficult to determine AMD's features and characteristics in the Indonesian population. This study aimed to evaluate AMD patients' characteristics and demographics at a tertiary hospital in Bali.Methods: This is a Cross-Sectional study. Data were collected from medical records on Sanglah General Hospital from January 2017 until December 2019. The characteristics and features were collected and analyzed. The characteristics and demo-figure were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test.Results: This study data consist of 172 patients, 90 (52.33 %) male and 82 (47.67 %) female. Most of the patients in the age group 66-83 years. The distribution of dry AMD showed the highest number on males, but the inverse occurs in wet AMD. Subjects had a smoking lifestyle in 50% of the patients. The smoking history more likely in dry AMD, but the inverse occurs in wet AMD. Hypertension occurs in more than half (51.16 %), with larger distribution in wet AMD. The proportion of gender, smoking history, hypertension but not age are significantly different between wet and dry AMD.Conclusion: Age-related macular degeneration is a common cause of blindness in the elderly population. This study found that the prevalence of AMD increases with age. The significant factors associated with AMD were sex, hypertension and smoking habit.

Mengenal New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): sebuah tinjauan pustaka Ni Made Leni; Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani; I Wayan Westa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Drug abuse is a global phenomenon that is difficult to control. Until now, various types of narcotics have been distributed in many countries, one of which is New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). Despite its fast growing and massive spread, NPS is still a new substance, considering the little number of data recorded up to recent days. This also results in difficulty of NPS identification in toxicological samples . The use of NPS is associated with many health problems, which causes physical and psychological disturbance potentially more severe than ordinary narcotics. This review aims to summarize the existing literature on NPS that focuses on identifying the types of NPS substances and symptoms as well as the management which could be provided to the patients. Penyalahgunaan narkotika merupakan fenomena global yang sulit dikendalikan, hingga saat ini variasi narkotika telah beredar di begitu banyak negara salah satunya termasuk Zat Psikoaktif Baru atau New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). Terlepas dari penyebarannya yang cepat dan masif, masih banyak orang yang belum memiliki pengetahuan akan NPS mengingat pendataan zat-zat ini masih sedikit dilakukan. Hal tersebut juga menyebabkan identifikasi NPS dalam sampel toksikologi masih sulit dilakukan. Padahal penggunaan NPS sering dikaitkan dengan masalah kesehatan, dimana efek yang ditimbulkan dapat menyebabkan gejala gangguan fisik dan psikologis yang lebih berat dibandingkan zat narkotika pada umumnya. Tinjauan ini dibuat untuk merangkum literatur yang ada mengenai NPS yang berfokus pada pengenalan jenis-jenis zat NPS serta gejala juga tatalaksana yang dapat diberikan pada pasien pengguna NPS.

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) with aortic dissection Stanford A in middle aged man: a case report Anbiya Khairul Umam; Ida Bagus Wisnu Widiarta; Marwa Humaira Intizam; Aizar Vesa Prasetyo; Ketut Putu Yasa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): (Available Online: 1 August 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome with shortness of breath, fluid retention, and the heart's structural and functional disorder. Each year, there were 7,2 cases every 1000 people on male and 4,7 cases every 1000 people on the female. Aortic dissection is an emergency disease in which the symptoms are similar to ischemic heart disease, that 38% of patients got misdiagnosed on the first evaluations. Because of the clinical course of heart failure and misdiagnosed aortic dissection that frequently happened, authors are interested in making a case report with both conditions.Case report: A male patient, 39 years old, complained of shortness of breath and epigastrium pain. The patient was diagnosed with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) profile B with emergency hypertension and suspected aortic dissection based on history and physical examination. The patient was also diagnosed with acute kidney injury stage 1. CT angiography showed widening of the aorta ascending until arcus aorta with a Stanford type A aortic dissection diagnosis.Conclusion: The condition of aortic dissection can coincide with acute heart failure. Therefore, a clinician must be aware of the emergency of dissection and know the initial symptoms of dissection. The typical clinical symptoms of dissection lead us to perform imaging studies that ultimately lead to a thoracoabdominal CTA to diagnose the dissection.

Gambaran hasil laboratorium pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Bali Mandara: sebuah studi pendahuluan I Gusti Ayu Mardewi; Nyoman Trisna Yustiani
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infection with CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which has an impact on laboratory results parameters. Laboratory values that do not play an important role to help classify and assess the prognosis of patients so that it can provide earlier therapy which is expected to achieve a better outcome. This preliminary research aims to see the description of the laboratory results of COVID-19 patients at Bali Mandara Hospital.Methods: This type of research is descriptive research. The number of samples in this study were 76 samples obtained by the total sampling technique. Data obtained from secondary data, namely sample medical records. Laboratory parameters that conquered this study include complete blood count, D-Dimer, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), to C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.86±13.9 years-old, with the dominant female being (53.9%). Most of the patients treated in non-ICU rooms with a mean treatment duration of 18.86±11.5 days. Laboratory results showed that the NLR value was> 3.13 in 50% of patients, 13.3% had an increase in Procalcitonin (PCT), 63.2% of patients had an increase in CRP, and as many as 76.3% of patients had a D-Dimer value < 2 µg/mL. For the levels of lymphocytes, platelets, and hemoglobin, most of the patients had normal values.Conclusion: This study provides epidemiological profile data and laboratory parameter profiles of COVID19 patients. Variations in various laboratory result parameters require more in-depth research to see predictors that significantly affect mortality and morbidity of COVID19 patients during treatment. Latar Belakang: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) adalah suatu infeksi penyebab penyakit CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) dimana memiliki dampak pada hasil parameter laboratorium. Nilai laboratorium yang tidak normal berperan penting untuk membantu mengelompokkan dan menilai prognosis pasien sehingga dapat memberikan terapi lebih awal yang diharapkan dapat mencapai luaran yang lebih baik. Penelitian pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil laboratorium pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Bali Mandara.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 76 sampel yang didapat dengan teknik Total Sampling. Data diperoleh dari data sekunder yaitu rekam medis sampel. Parameter laboratorium yang dinilai pada penelitian ini meliputi pemeriksaan darah lengkap, D-Dimer, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), hingga C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 17 untuk Windows.Hasil: Rata-rata usia pasien yaitu 50,86±13,9 tahun dengan dominan perempuan (53,9%). Sebagian besar pasien dirawat di ruang non-ICU dengan rata-rata durasi perawatan 18,86±11,5 hari. Hasil laboratorium didapatkan nilai NLR >3,13 pada 50% pasien, 13,3 % peningkatan Procalcitonin (PCT), 63,2% pasien mengalami peningkatan CRP, dan sebanyak 76,3% pasien memiliki nilai D-Dimer < 2 µg/mL. Untuk kadar limfosit, trombosit, maupun hemoglobin sebagian besar pasien memiliki nilai yang normal.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini memberikan data profil epidemiologi dan profil parameter laboratorium pasien COVID19. Variasi hasil parameter laboratorium yang beragam memerlukan penelitian lanjutan yang lebih mendalam untuk mengetahui prediktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien COVID19 selama perawatan.

In vitro study of red beetroot ethanol extract (Beta vulgaris L.) as xanthine oxidase inhibitor Gita Almira Putri; Agung Nova Mahendra; I Made Jawi
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Hyperuricemia is a condition in which uric acid levels in the blood are > 6.8 mg/dL. Hyperuricemia is managed by administering uric acid-lowering drugs that work by inhibiting the activity of XO. Allopurinol, as the first-line drug, has several side effects. Flavonoids and betalains have been shown in numerous studies to have the ability to inhibit XO. The purpose of this study is to examine the ethanol extract of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) with its flavonoids and betalains content in inhibiting the activity of XO. Methods: This study was an in-vitro experimental study using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (ë 285 nm). Red beetroot was extracted with 96% ethanol solvent using the maceration method. Allopurinol was used in this study as a positive control. This study was carried out in triplicates, with a test sample consisting of 5 different concentrations. The results of this study were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis.Results: The ethanol extract of red beetroot inhibits XO enzymatic activity (55.11%) at 1000 ?g/ml. There was a statistical difference between the control group, the ethanol extract of red beetroot group, and the allopurinol group in the inhibition of XO enzyme activity (p= 0.001).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) can inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO).

Hemodialisis Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis: Indikasi dan Penerapannya Yenny Kandarini; I Made Arya Winangun
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still a global health burden. The global incidence of AKI reaches 21.6% with a mortality rate of 23.9%. AKI is associated with the need for renal support therapy of 4-5% patients. AKI that persists in a long period can lead to CKD. CKD are associated with increased economic burdens, risk of cardiovascular disease and death. One of treatments to prevent morbidity and death in AKI and CKD is through hemodialysis. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) resembles the form of conventional intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) but by slowing down the blood flow and the dialysis flow with the duration being extended to 6-12 hours can reduced the risk of hemodynamic instability compared to IHD. A recent meta-analysis and systematic review stated that there were no differences between SLED and continous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) regarding the recovery of renal function in AKI, days required for recovery and the incidence of hypotension in patients in ICU. SLED provides results that are almost the same as 24 hours continuous hemodialysis of CRRT in patients with unstable hemodynamics but with more affordable cost. Understanding the use and mechanism of SLED is important to manage patients with AKI and CKD in unstable hemodynamic conditions. Acute kidney injury (AKI) dan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) masih menjadi beban kesehatan di dunia. Angka insiden global AKI mencapai 21,6% dengan angka mortalitas 23,9%. AKI diasosiasikan dengan perlunya terapi pendukung ginjal pada 4-5% pasien. AKI yang menetap dalam periode yang lama dapat mengarah ke PGK. PGK diasosiasikan dengan meningkatnya beban ekonomi, risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan kematian. Salah satu penanganan untuk mencegah morbiditas dan kematian pada AKI dan PGK yaitu melalui hemodialisis. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) menyerupai bentuk hemodialisis konvensional intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) namun dengan memperlambat aliran darah dan aliran dialisis dengan durasi yang diperpanjang menjadi 6-12 jam dapat mengurangi risiko instabilitas hemodinamik dibandingkan IHD. Sebuah meta analisis dan review sistematik menyebutkan tidak ada perbedaan antara SLED dan continous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) pada pemulihan fungsi ginjal pada AKI, hari yang diperlukan untuk pemulihan dan kejadian hipotensi pada pasien di ICU. SLED menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama seperti pada hemodialisis yang dilakukan berkelanjutan selama 24 jam pada CRRT pada pasien hemodinamik yang tidak stabil namun dengan biaya yang lebih terjangkau. Pemahaman mengenai penerapan dan mekanisme SLED menjadi penting untuk menangani pasien AKI dan PGK dengan kondisi hemodinamik yang tidak stabil.

Herpes zoster oftalmikus dengan komplikasi okular: Laporan kasus Desak Nyoman Trisepti Utami; Luh Made Mas Rusyati; Prima Sanjiwani Saraswati Sudarsa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs in 10-20% of cases of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the human herpes virus type 3 reactivates the first division of the trigeminal nerve, which is also called the ophthalmic division. In some patients, it may show ocular involvement.Case: A 60 years old male patient came with swelling and wounds on the left forehead and around the left eye. Initially appear as watery spots and accompanied by pain. The pain felt like being stabbed, hot like burning sensation. The patient had chickenpox as a child. In the dermatological status of the superior palpebra, frontalis and left parietalis, multiple erythema patches were seen with multiple erosions. It appears that the lesion is unilaterally distributed according to the dermatome of the trigeminal cranial nerve of the left ophthalmic branch. Gram examination on erosive lesions showed the presence of 1-5 leukocytes / large field of view with Gram positive cocci and no Gram negative rods. The patient was diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus left with secondary infection. Consultation to ophthalmology division revealed left ocular herpes zoster ophthalmic (blepharoconjunctivitis), corneal erosions, iridoplegia and mature senile cataracts. The patient discharged on the fifth day. On the 11th day, complaints of watery eyes, swelling and eye discharge were gone.Conclusion: A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in old age with ocular complications and secondary infection was reported. For erosional lesions, open compresses was applied with NaCl and sodium fusidate cream. Patients respond well to therapy. Latar Belakang: Herpes zoster oftalmikus terjadi pada 10-20% dari kasus herpes zoster. Herpes zoster oftalmikus terjadi ketika human herpes virus tipe 3 mengalami reaktivasi pada divisi pertama dari saraf trigeminalis, yang disebut juga divisi oftalmik. Pada beberapa pasien, dapat menunjukkan keterlibatan okular.Laporan Kasus: Pasien laki-laki, usia 60 tahun datang dengan keluhan bengkak dan luka pada dahi kiri serta area sekitar mata kiri. Awalnya muncul berupa bintik-bintik berair dan disertai nyeri. Nyeri dirasakan seperti ditusuk-tusuk, panas seperti terbakar, dan mata terasa seperti tertarik. Pasien pernah menderita penyakit cacar air pada saat kanak-kanak. Pada status dermatologis palpebra superior, frontalis dan parietalis sinistra tampak patch eritema multipel dan pada beberapa tempat disertai erosi multipel. Tampak lesi terdistribusi secara unilateral sesuai dermatom nervus kranial trigeminus cabang oftalmikus sinistra. Pemeriksaan Gram pada lesi erosi menunjukkan adanya leukosit 1-5/lapang pandang besar, ditemukan adanya kokus Gram positif dan tidak didapatkan batang Gram negatif. Pasien didiagnosis dengan herpes zoster oftalmikus sinistra disertai infeksi sekunder. Konsultasi pada bagian mata didapatkan okuli sinistra herpes zoster optalmika (blefarokonjungtivitis), erosi kornea, iridoplegia dan katarak sinilis matur. Pasien dipulangkan pada hari kelima perawatan. Pada hari ke 11, Keluhan mata berair, bengkak dan kotoran mata sudah tidak ada.Simpulan: Telah dilaporkan sebuah kasus herpes zoster oftalmikus pada usia tua dengan komplikasi okular dan didapatkan juga infeksi sekunder. Pada lesi erosi diberikan kompres terbuka dengan NaCl dan krim natrium fusidat. Pasien memberikan respon yang baik dengan terapi.

Factors related to the long-term effect and condition to child abuse: a preliminary study Suvitra Ravi; Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani; Lely Setyawati Kurniawan
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Child abuse is any behavior that harms a child under 18 years old. It can take many forms, including physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. This study aims to determine factors related to child abuse's long-term effect and condition as a preliminary study.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 students out of 232 students from Semester 7. They have been approached and have been explained this research. The age of students must be more than 18 years old, from both genders who are pursuing their studies in Medical Faculty of Universitas Udayana. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: Most of the respondents were age 21 years old (58.9%), female (67.1%), strongly disagree with physical abuse (41.1%), sexual abuse (63.0% and 60.3%), emotional abuse (39.7% and 37.0%), and child neglect (68.5%). Most of several conditions that students disagree with the long term effect of child abuse are sleep at night (38.4%), nightmare problems (43.8%), breathing problems (47.9%), loneliness (27.4%), fears of people judgment (28.8%), as well as fear and anxiety issue (39.7%).Conclusion: The medical students strongly disagree with many kinds of child abuse and disagree with several factors related to child abuse's long-term effect.

The prevalence between stress and acne vulgaris among medical students at Universitas Udayana in the 2019 period Somia Sri Subramaniam; Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna; Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti Karna
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common disease in medical students. One of the causes of acne vulgaris is stress. Acne vulgaris can affect the quality of life associated with one's self-confidence. But often, this disease is ignored and not treated properly. This study aims to know if acne vulgaris occurs in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia, related to the stress that affects acne vulgaris.Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data is collected using a data retrieval form. The inclusion criteria in this study were: 1) Participants selected must be from English class from semester 7 and aged 20 or above; 2) Participants can be from both genders; and 3) Participants that join the study willingly. Besides, the exclusion criteria were respondents who did not approve as a research sample and did not fill out informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Results: About 62 of 93 study participants were diagnosed with acne vulgaris in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana. There were 31 of 62 study participants who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris due to stress. Women had more acne vulgaris than men and the number of students that had acne vulgaris the most are at the age of 21. The most common type of lesion is comedonal with a mild classification level. Most of the subject's cause of acne due to stress is before block exam. Most of the participants feel embarrassed due to acne. About 24.2% of the subjects had a habit of scratching/squeezing acne vulgaris.Conclusion: Most of the subjects diagnosed with acne were female and age 21 years old. Besides, comedones were the predominant type of lesion, followed by a mild degree of acne severity.

Hubungan antara densitas mikrovaskular dan limfoplasmasitik dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening inguinal pada pasien karsinoma penis di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia Silvester Kristian Taopan; Anak Agung Gde Oka; I Gde Raka Widiana; I Wayan Juli Sumadi
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Carcinoma is the most common malignancy that occurs in penile tissue. Most of the metastasis of penile carcinoma is lymphogenic to the nearest lymph node. Metastasis is a significant prognosis factor in reflecting the outcome of penile carcinoma patients. To begin a process of metastasis requires the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Both of these can be assessed through micro vessel density and lymphoplasmacytic. This study aims to determine the relationship between microvascular and lymphoplasmic density with inguinal lymph node metastases in penile carcinoma patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.Methods: This research is an analytic cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out from the patient's Medical Record during January 2014 - December 2018. From 40 samples of penectomy surgery the micro vessel Density and lymphoplasmacytic readings were first stained with staining of hematoxylin eosin by anatomic pathologist. Cut-off point microvessel density and lymphoplasmacytic is taken by calculating the mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis with Chi Square Test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: From the Bivariate Analysis it was found that there was a significant relationship between Micro-vessel Density and Metastasis to the inguinal lymph node (P=0.019) and there was a significant relationship between lymphoplasmacytic and metastasis to the inguinal lymph node (P=0.005). The Multivariate Analysis confirms that microvessel density, lymphoplasmacytic and history of phimosis are significantly related to the occurrence of metastasis to inguinal lymph node in penile carcinoma patients (p=0.040).Conclusion: There were significant relationships between Micro vessel Density and Lymphoplasmacytic density with metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes in patients with penile SCC. A history of phimosis was proved to be a dominant risk factor. Latar Belakang: Karsinoma merupakan keganasan tersering yang terjadi pada jaringan penis. Sebagian besar metastasis karsinoma penis bersifat limfogen menuju Kelenjar Getah Bening (KGB) terdekat. Untuk memulai suatu proses metastasis diperlukan pembentukan pembuluh darah baru (angiogenesis) dan infiltrasi sel mononuklear. Kedua hal tersebut bisa dinilai melalui densitas mikrovaskuler dan limfoplasmositik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara densitas mikrovaskular dan limfoplasmositik dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening inguinal pada pasien karsinoma penis di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang analitik. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan dari Rekam Medis pasien selama Januari 2014 – Desember 2018. Dari 40 sampel Operasi Penektomi dilakukan pembacaan densitas mikrovaskuler dan limfoplasmositik yang telah lebih dulu diberikan pewarnaan Hematoxylin Eosin oleh ahli patologi anatomi. Titik potong densitas mikrovaskuler dan limfoplasmositik diambil dengan cara menghitung rerata dan standar deviasi. Analisis bivariat dengan Uji Chi-Square dan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik digunakan untuk analisis statistik. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows.Hasil: Analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara Densitas Mikrovaskuler dengan metastasis ke KGB Inguinal (p=0,019) dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara limfoplasmositik dengan metastasis ke KGB inguinal (p=0,005). Analisis multivariat menegaskan bahwa densitas mikrovaskuler, limfoplasmositik dan riwayat fimosis berhubungan secara bermakna dengan terjadinya metastasis ke KGB Inguinal pada pasien karsinoma penis (p=0,040).Simpulan: Adanya hubungan antara Densitas Mikrovaskular dan Limfoplasmositik dengan metastasis ke KGB inguinal pada pasien dengan KSS penis. Riwayat fimosis merupakan faktor resiko dominan.

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