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ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 25033638 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

Intisari Sains Medis is published by Medical Scientific Community, Indonesia. Intisari Sains Medis is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal accepts papers for publication in all aspects of Science Digest, Medical Research Development, Research Medical Field and Theory. We also publish cases from third world country, that is considered very rare and special cases.

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Articles 1,063 Documents

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Nodular anterior scleritis in systemic sclerosis: a case report Komang Putra Tridiyoga; Ida Ayu Ary Pramita; I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari; A. A Mas Putrawati Triningrat; I Made Agus Kusumadjaja; N.K Niti Susila
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera’s lining, characterized by cellular infiltration, collagen damage, and vascular changes. The incidence rate of scleritis accompanied by systemic disease generally is around 39% to 50%. Scleritis can be divided into two, namely anterior and posterior scleritis. Anterior scleritis can be divided into four, diffuse anterior scleritis, nodular anterior scleritis, necrotizing anterior scleritis with inflammation and without inflammation. One of the causes of nodular anterior scleritis is systemic sclerosis which is an autoimmune disease. Nodular anterior scleritis in systemic sclerosis is very rare, with an estimated prevalence rate of 4.4%.Case Description: A man, 46 years old, complaining of red, watery, painful, and visible white membrane on his right eye since two weeks ago and was referred from an ophthalmologist with scleritis on his right eye. The patient had a history of asthma and cataract surgery. Physical examination showed right eye VA was 6/45 pinhole (PH) 6/18, conjunctival and scleral injection, nodule on superior conjunctiva with yellowish-white in color. Laboratory examination showed a clinical representation of autoimmune disease, consulted to the rheumatology division, and was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis. The patient has been prescribed corticosteroids and immunosuppressant’s for the therapy, the patient's eye condition improves after.Conclusion: Systemic sclerosis with a presenting ophthalmologic complaint is a rare disease. This case illustrates that nodular anterior scleritis needs comprehensive intervention to seek the etiology and provide the treatment. This case has shown that nodular anterior scleritis with systemic sclerosis improved with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, a typical treatment for autoimmune disease.

Faktor-faktor klinikopatologi kekambuhan kanker serviks stadium I-IIA2 pasca histerektomi radikal di RSUP Sanglah periode 2019–2020 Putu Raka Widhiarta; I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra; Made Bagus Dwi Aryana; I Gede Megaputra
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Cervical cancer is the second-largest malignant disease in Indonesia. Recurrence in early-stage cervical cancer is high. However, data of clinicopathological factors for recurrence of early stage cervical cancer in Indonesia, especially in Denpasar, are still challenging to find. Thus, this study aims to determine the clinicopathological factors for recurrence cervical stage I-IIA2 post radical hysterectomy at Sanglah General Hospital.Methods: This research is an analytical cross sectional study using medical record data and the sampling technique is total sampling. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data obtained were 46 data, which were then analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.Results: The bivariate analysis of this study showed that the variables age, histopathology, incision margin, and parametrial involvement were not significantly associated with the recurrence rate (p> 0.05). The factors significantly associated with the recurrence rate were a clinical stage, tumor size, and positive lymph nodes (p <0.05).Conclusion: Clinical stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastases are three independent factors for cervical cancer recurrence after radical hysterectomy surgery.Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Recurrence, Radical Hysterectomy, Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. Latar belakang: Kanker serviks adalah penyakit keganasan kedua terbanyak di Indonesia. Kekambuhan pada kanker serviks stadium awal tergolong tinggi. Namun, data mengenai faktor-faktor kekambuhan kanker serviks stadium awal di Indonesia khususnya di Denpasar masih sulit ditemukan. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor kekambuhan kanker serviks stadium I-IIA2 pasca histerektomi radikal di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik potong lintang dengan menggunakan data rekam medis dan teknik penentuan sampel adalah Total Sampling. Data yang didapat sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi adalah 46 data yang kemudian doiolah dengan SPSS versi 25 untuk Windows.Hasil: Analisis bivariat penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel usia, histopatologi, batas sayatan, dan keterlibatan parametrium tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan tingkat kekambuhan (p>0,05). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan tingkat kekambuhan adalah stadium klinis, ukuran tumor, dan kelenjar limfe positif (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Stadium klinis, ukuran tumor, dan metastasis pada kelenjar limfe adalah tiga faktor independen untuk kekambuhan kanker serviks setelah operasi radikal histerektomi.

Tatalaksana bedah pada eksotropia traumatika et causa ruptur total otot rectus medial: laporan kasus Christine Natalia Gunawan; Ni Made Ayu Surasmiati; I Made Agus Kusumadjaja; Ni Made Laksmi Utari
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Traumatic strabismus may result because of closed or open head and/or orbital trauma. Trauma to the extraocular muscles will often result directly in specific ocular motility disorders. Vertical transposition is one of the surgical management in traumatic exotropia with medial rectus muscle total rupture. The aims of case report are to know about examination and management in patient with traumatic exotropia.Case Illustration: Male, 30 years old, came with chief complaints pain on the right eye after being exposed a wire bounce when take off a banner wire, with squint eye, blurry vision, diplopia, redness, bleeding. On ophthalmology examination, 45° exotropia, visual acuity on the right eye 6/18 ph NI, proptosis, edema, hematom, spasm palpebral. Medial rectus muscle rupture, full thickness conjunctival rupture, cresent shaped, 15x7mm, 3 mm from limbal. Eyeball movement limited to medial, superomedial, inferomedial, FGT medial parese right eye (RE). visual acuity on the left eye 6/6, anterior and posterior segment within normal limit. Patient was diagnosed with traumatica exotropia et causa medial rectus muscle total rupture right eye (RE) with complication axial proptosis ec retrobulbar hemorrhage, palpebral hematom, full thickness conjunctival ruptured, sub conjunctival bleeding, erosion cornea, iridoplegy, traumatic iritis. Vertical transposition with augmented Hummelsheim technique, cantotomy cantolysis, repair conjunctival ruptured was done to the patient. Conclusion: Vertical transposition is one of the surgical management in traumatic exotropia caused by medial rectus muscle total rupture Pendahuluan: Eksotropia traumatik dapat disebabkan oleh adanya trauma terbuka/tertutup pada kepala/mata. Trauma pada otot ekstraokuler akan menyebabkan gangguan gerakan bola mata yang spesifik. Salah satu penanganan bedah pada eksotropia traumatik karena ruptur total otot rektus medial adalah dengan transposisi vertikal. Tujuan dari pembuatan laporan kasus in adalah untuk mengetahui pemeriksaan dan penanganan pasien dengan eksotropia traumatika.Laporan kasus: Pria dengan usia 30 tahun, datang dengan keluhan nyeri pada mata kanan setelah terkena pentalan kawat, disertai mata juling keluar, pandangan ganda, kabur, berdarah, mata merah. Pada pemeriksaan oftalmologi didapatkan eksotropia 45°, tajam penglihatan mata kanan 6/18 ph NI, dengan proptosis, edema, hematom, spasme pada palpebra. Pada konjungtiva didapatkan tampak ruptur rektus medialis, ruptur konjungtiva full thickness bentuk bulan sabit ukuran 15x7mm, 3 mm dari limbus. Gerakan bola mata terhambat ke medial, superomedial, inferomedial, Forced Generation Test (FGT) mata kanan paresis ke medial. Tajam penglihatan mata kiri 6/6, segmen anterior dan posterior dalam batas normal. Pasien didiagnosis dengan eksotropia traumatika et causa ruptur total otot rektus medial oculi dextra (OD) dengan komplikasi proptosis axial ec suspek pendarahan retrobulbar, hematom palpebral, ruptur konjungtiva full thickness, pendarahan sub konjungtiva, erosi kornea, iridoplegia, traumatic iritis. Pada pasien ini dilakukan transposisi vertikal dengan teknik augmented Hummelsheim, kantotomi kantolisis, dan repair ruptur konjungtiva full thickness. Simpulan: Transposisi otot rektus vertikal merupakan salah satu tindakan untuk tatalaksana pembedahan pada eksotropia traumatika et causa ruptur total otot rektus medial

Prevalensi obesitas pada pasien kanker kolorektal di RSUP Sanglah periode 2019 - 2020 Bagus Agung Arya Dharma Pramana Dwi Sutanegara; Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi; I Wayan Gede Sutadarma
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Colorectal cancer is cancer that develops slowly and begins as a tumor or growth of tissue from the inner surface of the rectum or colon. Colorectal cancer can be influenced by exogenous factors that can be modified, one of which is obesity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity in colorectal cancer patients.Methods: This research was a descriptive study with a retrospective approach using medical record data and the sampling technique was total sampling. The data obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 100 data which were then analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows. Data was taken from the 100 medical records for age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and histopathology of colorectal cancer. The data was obtained from the Installation Medical Record at Sanglah Hospital.Results: The results found a difference in colorectal cancer patients with BMI ?25 and <25 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI <25 kg/m2 were 90 patients (90.00%) more suffering from colorectal cancer than 10 patients (10.00%) who had a BMI ?25 kg/m2. Based on age, the most colorectal cancer was found at ? 56 years old, namely 52.0%. In contrast, based on the type of cancer, there were more adenocarcinoma types, namely 88 patients (88.0%) compared to histopathological types of cancer that were difficult to find (12.00%).Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that colorectal cancer patients attack more than or equal to 56 and BMI <25 kg/m2. Latar Belakang: Kanker kolorektal merupakan kanker yang berkembang dengan lambat dan berawal sebagai tumor atau perkembangan jaringan dari permukaan dalam rektum atau kolon. Kanker kolorektal dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksogen yang dapat dimodifikasi salah satunya adalah obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi obesitas pada pasien kanker kolorektal.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis dan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Data yang diperoleh sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 100 data yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows. Dari 100 rekam medis diambil data umur, jenis kelamin, IMT dan histopatologi kanker kolorektal. Data diperoleh dari Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Sanglah.Hasil: Pada hasil ditemukan adanya perbedaan pada pasien kanker kolorektal dengan IMT?25 dengan <25 kg/m2. Pasien dengan IMT<25 kg/m2 yaitu sebanyak 90 pasien (90,0%) lebih banyak menderita kanker kolorektal dibandingkan dengan 10 pasien (10,0%) yang memiliki IMT ?25 kg/m2. Dilihat dari usia pasien, didapatkan kanker kolorektal paling banyak pada usia ? 56 tahun yaitu 52,0%, sedangkan pada jenis kanker didapatkan tipe adenokarsinoma lebih banyak yaitu 88 pasien (88,0%) dibandingkan tipe histopatologi kanker yang sulit dijelaskan (12,0%).Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasien kanker kolorektal lebih banyak menyerang pada usia lebih dari atau sama dengan 56 dan IMT <25 kg/m2.

Detection of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia I Made Sathya Vijayananda; Made Agus Hendrayana; I Dewa Made Sukrama; Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes broad-spectrum infections from mild to severe with high morbidity and mortality rates in almost all of the world, namely pneumonia and meningitis. This bacterium has virulence factors that help their survival, one of which is biofilms. Biofilms help Streptococcus pneumoniae become resistant to antibiotics; thus, treating infections caused by these bacteria is difficult to treat. This study aims to determine the biofilm production ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia using the tissue culture plate method.Methods: The research design used was a descriptive observational study with cross sectional type. The clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital. Biofilm formation was measured by the tissue culture plate method and carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: Most of the specimens were collected from blood (59.37%), followed by sputum (31.25%), and others (9.38%). It was found that 1 of 32 (3.10%) clinical isolates could form a biofilm with a strong formation category (the optical density value> 0.38). In contrast, the rest did not form biofilms with an optical density value of ?0.095.Conclusions: Not all clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar were able to form biofilms, suggesting that other virulence factors also play a role in pneumococcal infection. However, a molecular approach is necessary for the detection of genes encoding biofilm-producing isolates in future studies.

Antibiogram and biofilm formation among extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia Ichlazul Ma’ruf; Made Agus Hendrayana; I Dewa Made Sukrama; Ni Nengah Dwi fatmawati
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and has a high level of resistance to antibiotics first, second, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and monobactam which are a serious threat to public health worldwide. Besides, it is known that this bacterium can form biofilms as virulence factors that contribute to drug resistance. This study aims to determine the antibiotics susceptibility patterns and the capacity of K. pneumoniae to form biofilms.Methods: K. pneumoniae was isolated from clinical specimens (urine, sputum, pus, blood, and others) for the period 2018-2019. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek Compact 2 (bioMérieux®) test in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital. Biofilm formation was checked using the tissue culture plate method (TCP). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: Most of Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae showed resistance to antibiotics. The susceptible profiles were only towards ertapenem (97.50%), meropenem (97.50%), amikacin (95.00%), and tigecycline (87.50%). The TCP method detected 72 (90.00%) as biofilm producers among 80 clinical isolates, while 8 (10.0%) as non-biofilm producers. Among the biofilm-producer bacteria, there were 6 (7.50%) as strong, 37 (46.25%) moderate, and 29 (36.25%) weak biofilm-producer isolates.Conclusions: Most ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae clinical isolates in Sanglah General Hospital demonstrate multiple resistance to antibiotics and as biofilm producers. However, further research is needed to be conducted using a molecular approach to see the ESBL- and biofilm-encoded genes.

Pengaruh teh kombinasi Euphobia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus Wistar jantan I Dewa Made Agus Paramarta Putra; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana; Ni Made Linawati
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction. Indonesia has abundant natural resources that can be used as traditional medicine. For example, Euphorbia milii and Propolis. Euphorbia milii and Propolis have various benefits such as antioxidants, antibacterials, and immunomodulators. The toxic effects of the combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis on renal function has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis on the kidney function of male Wistar rats.Methods: This study was an experimental analytical study with a randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty-four male rats aged 2-3 months, body weight ± 200 grams were divided into 4 groups, namely; control group (standard feed + aquabidest), P1 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis 40mg/100gram body weight (grbw) for 2 weeks), P2 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis flower 40mg / 100grbw for 4 weeks), and P3 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis flowers 40mg / 100grbw for 6 weeks).Results: Based on data analysis, the mean levels of blood urea nitrogen were not found to be significant between the control group, P2 and P3 from treatment groups, but there was a significant differences between P1 and the other three groups. The serum creatinine does not show significant difference among all the groups.Conclusion. The combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis does not increase the the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine of the Wistar rat. Latar belakang. Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang berlimpah yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengobatan tradisional. Misalnya tanaman Euphorbia milii dan Propolis. Euphorbia milii dan Propolis mempunyai beragam manfaat seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, dan imunomodulator. Efek toksik dari teh kombinasi Euphorbia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek pemberian teh kombinasi dari bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus Wistar jantan.Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post-test only, control group design. Dua puluh empat tikus wistar jantan berusia 2-3 bulan, berat badan ± 200 gram yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu; kelompok kontrol (pakan standar + aquabidest), P1 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40 mg/100 gram berat badan (grbb) selama 2 minggu), P2 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40mg/100grbb selama 4 minggu), dan P3 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40mg/100grbb selama 6 minggu).Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis data dari rerata kadar blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok perlakuan P2 dan P3. Namun P1 menunjukan rerata yang lebih tinggi daripada kelompok lainnya. Pada kreatinin serum tidak terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada keempat kelompok.Simpulan. Pemberian teh kombinasi Euphorbia milii dan Propolis tidak menimbulkan peningkatan yang bermakna terhadap BUN dan kreatinin serum tikus Wistar.

Karakteristik pasien stenosis vena sentral dengan penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Nyoman Saka Ranuartha; Ketut Putu Yasa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease is a pathophysiological process with multiple etiologies causing chronic progressive impairment of kidney function and/or structure. Renal replacement therapy or hemodialysis is the optimal therapeutic option and is widely used in various developing countries. In the last 3 years, chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at Sanglah General Hospital with the use of hemodialysis vascular access are often followed by central venous stenosis.Method: A retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was carried out involving patients with a stage 5 chronic kidney disease diagnosed with symptomatic central venous stenosis clinicaly and radiological finding that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables of this study were age, gender, and risk factors. The dependent variables of this study were the type of location, symptom onset, duration, and history of hemodialysis access.Result: It was recorded that 40 subjects, 77.5% aged <60 years, 52.5% were male, 75% had a history of hypertension as the etiology of chronic kidney disease. The location of the most stenosis locations was in the subclavian vein (62.5%), from the duration of using hemodialysis access was 80% over 6 weeks also using of catheter more than 2 is (55%).Conclusion: The most history of using access to hemodialysis was tunneled type of double lumen catheter (70%) and the most often locations for insertion catheter is left subclavian vein (50%). Based on the results of this study, CKD patients with central venous stenosis showed a history of using double lumen catheters more frequently and from the location of the stenosis found in the subclavian veins, the locations that were found mostly in central venous stenosis. Latar belakang: Penyakit Ginjal Kronis merupakan suatu proses patofisiologis dengan etiologi yang beragam sehingga menyebabkan gangguan fungsi dan atau struktur ginjal yang bersifat kronik progresif. Terapi pengganti ginjal atau hemodialisa menjadi pilihan terapi yang optimal dan banyak digunakan di berbagai Negara berkembang. Dalam 3 tahun terakhir, pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) di RSUP Sanglah dengan penggunaan akses vaskular hemodialisa kerap diikuti dengan stenosis vena sentral.Metode: Dilakukan studi deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang melibatkan pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 yang terdiagnosis simptomatik stenosis vena sentral secara klinis dan penunjang radiologis yang memenuhi dari kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah usia, jenis kelamin, faktor komorbid. Variabel dependen dari penelitian ini adalah jenis, lokasi, onset gejala, durasi serta riwayat penggunaan akses hemodialisa.Hasil: Tercatat 40 subjek, 77,5% berusia <60 tahun, 52,5% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 75% memiliki riwayat hipertensi sebagai faktor komorbid penyakit ginjal kronik. Letak lokasi stenosis terbanyak terdapat di vena subklavia 62,5%, dari durasi penggunaan akses hemodialisa yaitu 80% lebih dari 6 minggu dengan frekuensi penggunaan lebih dari 2 kali sebesar 55%. Riwayat penggunaan akses hemodialisa terbanyak yaitu kateter double lumen tipe tunneled sebesar 70% dengan lokasi pemasangan kateter pada vena subklavia kiri sebanyak 50%.Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini, pada pasien PGK dengan stenosis vena sentral menunjukkan riwayat penggunaan kateter double lumen lebih sering dijumpai serta dari lokasi stenosis didapatkan pada vena sublkavia lokasi yang banyak ditemukan pada stenosis vena sentral.

Perbandingan kapasitas vital paru dan FEV1 antara atlet olahraga aerobik dan nonatlet: sebuah tinjauan sistematik Anak Agung Ratih Kusumadewi Wiraputri; I Nyoman Gede Wardana; Yuliana Yuliana; Muliani Muliani
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Physical exercise, such as aerobic exercise, depends on the aerobic energy generation process or requires oxygen. One way to determine the benefits of physical activity in individuals is to look at the differences in lung function in the group who regularly exercise (athletes) with the sedentary group. This review will discuss further the comparison of vital lung capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1), which is presented in the form of a systematic review.Methods: A search for journals published from 2015-2020 was conducted on the CENTRAL, ProQuest, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect databases that compared cardiorespiratory endurance values in athletes and non-athletes. The preparation of this systematic review is based on guidelines for writing systematic reviews by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).Results: The literature search results in 30 studies. These studies were analyzed based on the intervention or exposure to see the description and differences of lung function characteristics, especially vital capacity and FEV1 in aerobic and non-athletic athletes.Conclusion: Aerobic sports athletes tend to have better lung function than non-athletes, where lung function is assessed based on the higher FVC and FEV1 values in aerobic athletes. Several studies that showed insignificant differences on the lung function of aerobic athletes and non-athletes were caused by differences in the anthropometric characteristics of each group, which was a confounding factor in the study. Pendahuluan: Latihan fisik seperti olahraga aerobik merupakan aktivitas fisik yang bergantung pada proses pembentukan energi secara aerob dan dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap sistem kardiovaskular dan respirasi. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui manfaat aktivitas fisik pada individu adalah dengan melihat perbedaan fungsi paru pada kelompok yang rutin berolahraga (atlet) dengan kelompok sedenter. Dalam tinjauan ini akan dibahas lebih jauh mengenai perbandingan kapasitas vital paru dan Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1) yang disajikan dalam bentuk tinjauan sistematik.Metode: Pencarian jurnal yang membandingkan nilai daya tahan kardiorespirasi pada atlet dan nonatlet yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2015-2020 melalui database CENTRAL, ProQuest, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect. Penyusunan systematic review ini didasarkan pada pedoman penulisan tinjauan sistematik oleh Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Hasil: Hasil pencarian literatur berupa 30 studi yang relevan dan kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan pada intervensi atau paparan yang dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran serta perbedaan karakteristik fungsi paru khususnya kapasitas vital dan FEV1 pada atlet aerobik dan nonatlet.Simpulan: Atlet olahraga aerobik cenderung mempunyai fungsi paru yang baik jika dibandingkan dengan non-atlet, dimana fungsi paru ini dinilai berdasarkan lebih tingginya nilai FVC dan FEV1 pada atlet aerobik. Beberapa studi yang menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan terhadap fungsi paru atlet aerobik dan nonatlet disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan karakteristik antropometri dari masing-masing kelompok dimana hal ini merupakan faktor perancu dalam penelitian.

Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) muda dan tua terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 Gede Agung Dhimasena Widyananda; Agung Nova Mahendra; I Made Jawi
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an organism that is difficult to handle because it has the ability to resist various antibiotics. Two mechanisms have been studied regarding how Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to both intrinsic and adaptive action of antibiotics. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of young and old soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves ethanol extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027.Methods: This study uses the True Experimental Control Group Design method. Samples were divided into 3 groups, namely the control group (K), the intervention group young soursop leaves (EDM) and old soursop leaves (EDT). The control group was divided into negative and positive controls and the intervention group was divided into three groups based on the dosage of using the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L leaves in each isolate with a concentration of 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL, respectively, in group of young and old soursop leaves. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference in the inhibition zone in the treatment group, namely the concentration of young and old soursop leaves ethanol extract (25%, 50%, 100%) against the inhibition zone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (P <0.05. ).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of young soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves did not have the effect of inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in vitro. Besides that, the ethanol extract of old soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves did not have the effect of inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in vitro. Latar Belakang: Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan organisme yang sulit untuk ditangani karena memiliki kemampuan resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Terdapat dua mekanisme yang telah dipelajari mengenai bagaimana Pseudomonas aeruginosa resisten terhadap kerja antibiotik baik intrinsik maupun adaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) muda dan tua terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode True Experimental Control Group Design. Sampel dibagi dalam 3 kelompok yakni kelompok kontrol (K), kelompok intervensi daun sirsak muda (EDM) dan daun sirsak tua (EDT). Kelompok kontrol dibagi atas kontrol negatif dan positif serta kelompok intervensi dibagi atas tiga kelompok berdasarkan dosis penggunaan ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata L. pada masing-masing isolat, dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, dan 100 mg/mL pada masing-masing kelompok daun sirsak muda dan tua. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows.Hasil: Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis yang dapat dilihat menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna zona hambat pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun sirsak muda dan tua (25%, 50%, 100%) terhadap zona hambat bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) muda tidak memiliki efek menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa secara in vitro. Disamping itu, ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) tua tidak memiliki efek menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa secara in vitro.

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