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Scripta Biologica

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : - EISSN : 23553138 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Scripta Biologica is a peer reviewed open access electronic journal published by the Faculty of Biology Jenderal Soedirman University, publishes research papers encompasses all aspects of biology, including; molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics; physiology and reproduction; ecology and conservation; biodiversity, evolution, taxonomy, and biogeography.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 3 (2014)" : 10 Documents clear

PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH CENDAWAN DI PERTANAMAN RAKYAT DAERAH BREBES Eka Widiyarti; Purnomowati Purnomowati; Eddy Tri Sucianto
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.3.552

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the horticultural commodities which highly developed and cultivated in Brebes. Brebes contributed to fulfill up to 23% to the national needs. But, its production decreased 0.87% annually. The intensification of shallot production faced many problems, especially the diseases caused by the pathogenic fungi causing the low crop production. We conducted this study during the period of May–October 2012. The purpose of this study was to find out the type of pathogenic fungi and to determine the diseases including the dominant disease on shallot crops in Brebes. The research was a survey, and a diagonally purposive sampling technique applied at five different locations. We identified the plant diseases based on identification key books of the Penyakit-Penyakit Tanaman Hortikultura and the Plant Disease Handbook as references. We described the diseases according to the signs and symptoms followed by the isolation of pathogenic fungi that cause disease. The pathogenic fungi identification was completed using the Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, the Compedium of Soil Fungi, and the Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum as references. This study found three diseases in shallot crops, i.e., Fusarium tuber rot, Aspergillus tuber rot and Curvularia leaf spot. The dominant shallot crop disease was the Curvularia leaf spot.

AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK BATANG KAPULAGA DAN GLIBENKLAMID Gisti Rahmawati; Farida Nur Rachmawati; Hery Winarsi
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme which reduce anion superoxide radicals as well as known caused of diabetes. There are many natural additive was believed having capacity to repaired an antioxidant celluler status. Cardamom’s stem were reported containing flavonoid and vitamin C which have been proven as in vitro antioxidant. There was no data showing its in vivo potency. This study aims to knoe the SOD activity of diabetes rats which were given cardamom stem extract (CSE) and glibenclamide. The research carried out with the use of experimentally Randomized Design Complete (RAL) by administering treatment on diabetes rat without CSE and glibenclamide as a control, consist of 100 mg/kg bodymass CSE and 2 mg/kg bodymass glibenclamide. The experiment consists of 3 treatments with 7 repetitions, blood sampling carried out experiments as much as 3 times with intervals of 7 days once. The data was analyzed using a variety of analysis (ANOVA). The result showed that the SOD activity increased from 4261 Unit/mg protein to 6604,668 Unit/mg protein (P<0.01) in diabetes rats treatment by CSE for 14 days.

UPAYA MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN TUNAS MIKRO KENTANG KULTIVAR GRANOLA DENGAN JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI SITOKININ BERBEDA Adinda RN Pratama; Sugiyono Sugiyono; Lucky Prayoga; Ali Husni
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Micro-shoot growth is the first step in the potato microtuber formation. The main factors were known controlling microtuber formation including the media type, the concentration of sucrose, the type and concentration of plant growth regulators, temperature, and photoperiodicity. This research aimed to determine the influence of the t of cytokinin and its concentration on the micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), as well as to determine the best cytokinin type and its concentration on micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The research was experimental in a split-plot design. The main plot was the type of cytokinin (BAP and Kinetin), and the subplot was cytokinin concentration at five levels of concentrations, i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM. This study replicated each treatment three times which resulted in obtaining 30 experimental units. The data obtained were then analyzed using an analysis of variance, followed by honest significant difference test at 95 and 99% levels of confidence. The results showed that the formation of micro-shoot of Granola cultivar of potato was controlled by the type and concentration of cytokinin used. The addition of 5‒15 μM of BAP was found to be the best treatments to stimulate micro-shoot formation of Granola cultivar of potato.

PENGARUH PERENDAMAN ETIL METAN SULFONAT (EMS) TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN TANAMAN KECIPIR Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC POLONG PENDEK DARI SERANGAN PATOGEN Rhizoctonia solani Hani Khoiril Khasanti; Adi Amurwanto; Uki Dwiputranto
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Induced Mutations with EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) has been widely reported to increase genetic diversity and improve quality of the crop. This study aimed to find out the effect of EMS immersion on short pod winged bean plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) resistance from Rhizoctonia solani pathogens attack and to determine the optimum concentration to obtain mutan plants which resistant to R. solani pathogen attack. The method was experimental with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Variables used were 2, i.e. independent and dependent variables. The independent variable was 4 levels of EMS concentrations (E0 = no EMS, E1 = 0,1% EMS, E2 = 0,3% EMS and E3 = EMS 0,5 %) and the dependent variable was the resistance of plants against disease intensity caused by R. solani. Observed parameters were dumping-off disease intensity caused by R. solani. The experiment was replicated 6 times. Data were analyzed using F test with confident levels of 5% and 1%. Furthermore, LSD (Least Significant Difference) test were carried out to determine the differences of each treatment. The results indicated that EMS caused the short pods winged bean plants more vulnerable against the attack of R. solani. Mutants categories obtained in the three treatments of EMS concentrations. Mutants were found in E1, E2 and E3 treatments in the intensity of dumping-off disease of R. solani pathogens in categories 1 and 4; 4; 3 and 4, respectively.

KAJIAN PENYAKIT YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH CENDAWAN PADA TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) DI PERTANAMAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN BREBES Nita Wahyu Suwardani; Purnomowati Purnomowati; Eddy Tri Sucianto
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This research aimed to determine the various diseases caused by fungi, to identify the fungi causing the disease, and to determine the most dominant disease in red chili crops (Capsicum annum L.) from smallholder agriculture located in Kaligiri Sirampog Brebes. The research was a survey applying purposive random sampling technique. This study collected samples from five locations, within five plots placed diagonally at each site. This study picked ten infected plants from each plot, identified the disease; isolated and identified the fungi causing the disease. This research also measured the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil pH. The results showed diseases in red chili plants (Capsicum annum L.) were the leaf spot caused by Cercospora sp., the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp., and the fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium sp., and the most dominant were leaf spot disease.

UKURAN ORGAN SISTEM REPRODUKSI ITIK JANTAN YANG DISUPLEMENTASI PROBIOTIK MEP+ BERBAGAI DOSIS SELAMA 30 HARI Chelsy Rirgiyensi; Yulia Sistina; Farida Nur Rachmawati
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Probiotics MEP+ can increase fowl weight and weft efficiency, therefore it is important to know probiotics MEP+ effect at different dosage toward reproduction aspect. This research aimed to examine duck reproduction organ size suplemented with probiotics MEP+ with different dosage within 30 days. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments with different dosages within 30 days which was without probiotic’s application or control (K), 0,75 ml/kg wefts (P1) dose, 1,5 ml/kg wefts (P2) dose, a n d 3 ml/kg wefts (P3) dose. Each treatment repeated 8 times. Total 40 ducks raised in floor dry cage system. At 31st day of treatment duck reproduction system organ was measured. Whole results show increase average data (±SD) for weight of both right and left testis, and liver weight with highly probiotics dosage it, however the analysis result statistic not significant (P>0,05) except weight of right left testis with duck weight or gonadosomatic indeks (GSI) were very significant (P<0,01) among all treatment at different dosages was compared control. The results is confirmed that probiotic's MEP+ treatment with different dosages within 30 days gave no effect towards duck reproduction system organ size except to gonadosomatic indeks (GSI) male duck.

EFEKTIVITAS PELET BIOFUNGISIDA Trichoderma harzianum MENGENDALIKAN Fusarium sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH SEMAI PADA BIBIT TANAMAN CAISIM (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L) Rubiati Fadhilah; Juni Safitri Muljowati; Endang Sri Purwati
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This research aimed to determine the effect of the interaction of the dosage with the application model of Trichoderma harzianum bio-fungicide pellet to the effectiveness of damping-off disease control caused by Fusarium sp. on the green mustard, and also to determine the most effective dosage and application model to control that disease. This research was experimental with the factorial completely randomized design. The factors were: the dosage of T. harzianum bio-fungicide pellet, i.e., 0 g (D0), 12,5 g (D1), 25 g (D2), 37,5 g (D3), 50 g (D4), 62,5 g (D5), and 75 g (D6); and the application model of pellet, i.e., T1, T2, T3 dan T4. This research analyzed the data using the test of variety difference with 5% and 1% degree of errors, followed by least significance difference test. The results showed the interaction between dosage and application model did not affect the effectiveness of the damping-off disease control on the green mustard seedling. The dosage of T. harzianum pellets and the application model of T. harzianum pellets independently gave a significant effect on the effectiveness of biological control agent of T. harzianum toward Fusarium sp. on the green mustard seedling. The dosage of 37,5 g per 50 green mustard individuals was the most efficient amount to control the damping-off disease. The 7-day continuous application and incubation of pellet to the seeding medium before pathogen inoculation and planting were better than any other application models.

PERKEMBANGAN POST-LARVA IKAN NILEM Osteochilus hasselti C.V. DENGAN POLA PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA Didi Humaedi Yusuf; Gratiana E Wijayanti; Sugiharto Sugiharto
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Failure of adaptation in feed utilization can result in larval mortality. Post-larval stage is a critical period of fish development in which transition from internal feeding to external feeding occurs. This study aimed to determine the growth and survival of hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.) post-larvae fed with different feeding patterns. The experiment was conducted on an experimental basis with a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of (P1) 100% Spirulina sp., (P2) 75% Spirulina sp. + 25% pellet powder, (P3) 50% Spirulina sp. + 50% powder pellet, (P4) 25% +75% sp Spirulina pellet powder, and (P5) 100% powder pellets. Day 1 post-hatching larvae were reared in aquaria with density of 17 fish / L for 8 weeks. The larvae were fed as much as 5% of the total weight of biomass. Post-larval development was evaluated by observing the development of the larvae morphology, the body length (every week), the biomass weight (every 2 weeks), and calculating their survival rate at week 8. Morphological data were analyzed descriptively. Data on body length, biomass weight and survival were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that the feeding pattern significantly affected the development of post-larvae (p<0.05). The most advance post-larval development was obtained from the post-larvae fed with 100% pellet powder. In this group, morphological characters of post-larvae in the first week were the mouth start opening, the skin was pigmented, and gall bladder in bi-lobes shaped, caudal fin and dorsal fins were differentiated. Completion of fins development was achieved by the third week when the post-larvae have adult morphological character. The highest body length and biomass weight of the post-larvae was obtained in the group fed with100% of pellets and the highest survival rate was found in the group fed with combination of 50% Spirulina sp. + 50% pellet powder (P3).

PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN DAN KONSENTRASI Bifidobacterium BBIV PADA YOGHURT TERHADAP KADAR ASAM LAKTAT Hafidh Syaifuddin; Dyah Fitri Kusharyati; Pancrasia Maria Hendrati
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.3.567

Yogurt is a well-known fermented dairy product. The addition of Bifidobacterium BBIV into yogurt was able to increase the content of lactic acid and therefore was able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi. This study aimed to find out the amount of lactic acid in yogurt added by the culture of Bifidobacterium BBIV in the various concentration and storage periods; to evaluate antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. This research was experimental using a Completely Randomized Design. The proportion of the combination of Bifidobacterium BBIV starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus: Streptococcus thermophillus: Bifidobacterium BBIV) were 1:1:0 (B0), 1:1:0,5 (B1), 1:1:1 (B2) and 1:1:1,5 (B3). The storage period was 30-days, observations were made every five days. This study computed the ANOVA followed by the LSD test for data analysis. The result showed that the addition of Bifidobacterium BBIV starter in various proportion to the yogurt with the different storage periods gave significantly different effects on the lactic acid amount. The addition of Bifidobacterium BBIV starter of 1:1:1(B2) proportion stored after 20 days showed an increasing level of lactic acid. All of the yogurt with any other ratios (B0, B1, B2, and B3) of Bifidobacterium BBIV starter, stored after 30 days were still able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi. The organoleptic test showed that yogurt with 1:1:1,5 (B3) starter ratio was the most preferred in both taste, aroma, color, and homogeneity. The study suggested that the amount of lactic acid in the yogurt increased by the addition of Bifidobacterium BBIV in various ratios, i.e., 1:1:0,5; 1:1:1; and 1:1:1,5 after 30 days were 1,2652%;1,2243% and 1,2506% respectively. The inhibition zone produced by yogurt on the bacterial growth of Salmonella typhi was 6,5–8,3 millimeters in any of the storage periods.

AKTIVITAS ENZIM SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK DAUN KAPULAGA Amomum cardamomum Putri Eka Sari; Sorta Basar Ida Simanjuntak; Hery Winarsi
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Diabetes is a disease characterized by abnormal insulin secretion, production, and insulin resistance. This condition cause oxidative stress which produce radical anion superoxide and decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SOD is an antioxidant enzyme that can reduces anion superoxide which caused by diabetes. Many natural medicine are believed having the capacity to improve antioxidant status in the body. Cardamom’s leaf was reported containing flavonoids and vitamin C has been proven as in vitro antioxidant. However, there is no data that shows in vivo potency. This study was aimed to know the SOD activity of diabetic rats after treatment of cardamom’s leaf extract. This research used experimental method consist 2 treatment and 5 repetitions. First treatment was diabetic rats given a dose of 100mg/kg body mass of cardamom’s leaf extract (CLE) and second treatment was diabetic rats without CLE as control every day for 21 days. Blood sampling was performed 4 times : 0, 7, 14, 21 after treatment. Parameter measured were inhibition of ferricytokrom C reduction. Data were analyzed using unpaired t test. The result showed the highest SOD activity was 506.60 U/mg protein (P<0.01) in diabetic rats for 14 days CLE. The conclusions of this research are SOD activity increased after 14 days treatment of cardamom’s leaf extract.

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