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Scripta Biologica

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : - EISSN : 23553138 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Scripta Biologica is a peer reviewed open access electronic journal published by the Faculty of Biology Jenderal Soedirman University, publishes research papers encompasses all aspects of biology, including; molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics; physiology and reproduction; ecology and conservation; biodiversity, evolution, taxonomy, and biogeography.

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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 1 (2017)" : 13 Documents clear

TINGKAT PENCEMARAN WADUK PENJALIN KECAMATAN PAGUYANGAN KABUPATEN BREBES DITINJAU DARI STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PLANKTON Octyviana Arum; Agatha Sih Piranti; Christiani Christiani
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Penjalin Reservoir is located in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. Human activity around Penjalin Reservoir, such as irrigation, aquaculture, and sanitation can affect its water’s quality. Plankton can be used as bioindicator since its existence is heavily affected by water physical and chemical factors. Polluted waters can affect diversity and abundance of plankton. The purpose of this research were to determine waters quality of Penjalin Reservoir, to know plankton community structure (abundance, diversity, and domination), and pollution level of each sampling station based on plankton diversity. This research used survey method on 6 sampling stations covering inlet, middle of reservoir, and outlet with 3 replicates and 4 weeks interval. Water quality were analyzed descriptively based on criteria of PP No. 82 Tahun 2001. Abundance and diversity were estimated as Shanon-Wiener index. Domination were estimated as Simpson index. Plankton abundance values varies from 4,970.30 to 12,923.37 ind/l with the most abundant species was Tetraedon minimum. Diversity index (H’) were high with value around 3.28–3.55 and domination index were around 0.04–0.07. These diversity indexes showed that the water quality of Penjalin Reservoir were not polluted.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale) DAN MADU TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELITUS Alfi Muntafiah; Dita Yulianti; Aulia Husna Cahyaningtyas; Hani Ismi Damayanti
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) caused by deficiency of insulin, and insulin resistance or both. This chronic disease prevalence is increasing nationally and globally. This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract and honey various doses on levels of total cholesterol in the Wistar diabetic rat model induced by alloxan. This research is true experimental post-test only with control group design. Subject of the study 30 male Wistar rats weight 150-200 grams, divided into 6 groups: A) healthy controls (K1), B) DM control (K2), C) Treatment with red ginger extract 1000 mg / kg and honey 1 ml / kg (K3), D) Treatment with ginger extract red 1000 mg / kg and honey 2 ml / kg (K4), E) Treatment with red ginger extract 500 mg / kg and honey 1 ml / kg (K5), F) Treatment with red ginger extract 500 mg / kg and honey 2 ml / kg (K6). DM induction by alloxan 160 mg / kg intraperitoneally for 5 days, and the provision of treatment for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured by CHOD-PAP method. Results: The mean total cholesterol levels of healthy control group vs the diabetic control 58.20 ± 8.76 vs. 87.80 ± 5.81 mg / dL. Based on one way ANOVA test, red ginger extract and honey various doses significantly lower total cholesterol level (p <0.05). The mean total cholesterol levels between the group K3 to K4 was not statistically different, as well as K5 with K6. However, mean total cholesterol levels at K3 and K4 differ significantly from the K5 and K6. Conclusion: Combination of red ginger extract and honey can lower total cholesterol levels in diabetic rat model induced by alloxan.

PENGARUH INOKULASI MIKORIZA VESIKULA ARBUSKULA (MVA) CAMPURAN TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum) Uswatun Hasanah; Purnomowati Purnomowati; Uki Dwiputranto
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Tomato has an important role to fullfil the nutrition of society. The most important problem in the cultivation of tomatoes is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum it will attacking the plants from nursery to adult. One of the alternative control is use the Vesicles Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). The success of VAM infection in plants is determined by the dose and the inoculation. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of dose and mixture VAM inoculation to against the emergence of fusarium wilt in tomato plants and to determine the dosage mixture VAM inoculation as the most effective way for controlling fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The method of this research used experimental with completely randomized design. The experimental treatment consists of two types of treatment that are combined with used 5 doses of VAM mixture (0 g/plant, 10 g/plant, 12,5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, 17,5 g/plant) and used two ways of inoculation ( inoculation when the seed is planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each test are three plants. The parameters was observed the incubation period of the disease and the intensity of fusarium wilt as the main parameter and the measurement of pH, temperature, humidity room, and the degree of infection as supporting parameters. The results of this research showed that the dosage and inoculation of VAM mixture is not able to reduce the emergence of fusarium wilt on tomatoes, but it was able to extend the incubation period of fusarium wilt on tomato plants a dose with 10 g /plant inoculated plants when the seeds are planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KANDUNGAN SILIKA DENGAN KELIMPAHAN DIATOM BENTHIK DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI PELUS KABUPATEN BANYUMAS Siti Umiatun; Carmudi Carmudi; Christiani Christiani
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Silica is an element that is useful to the organism especially Diatoms (Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae). The sources of Silica in waters derive from weathering rock-containing silica. Diatoms are a phytoplankton that able to live as a phytobenthos distributed globally in all types of waters. The purpose of this study was to determine; the silica content, the abundance of diatoms, and the relationship between the content of silica and the abundance of diatoms in the Pelus River Banyumas. This research was conducted as a survey and samples were collected using composite sampling technique at 5 stations. Samples were collected three times with 2 weeks intervals. Two main parameters (diatoms abundance and silica content) and ten supporting parameters (temperature, current velocity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, and ortofosfat of waters) were measured. Data of analysis calculated in this study including regression correlation analysis to determine the relationship of the silica content and the abundance of diatoms. The silica concentration in the Pelus River waters varies between 112.48-175.00 mg.l-1 with an average of 146 mg.l-1. The total abundance of benthic diatoms was 44,442 ind.cm-2. The highest diatoms abundance was at station II (11,128 ind.cm-2), the lowest was at Station IV (6,828 ind.cm-2). The relationship between silica contained in the waters and abundance of diatoms indicated by the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) by 0.38 or 38%. The abundance of Diatoms are affected 62% by the available silica in the environment, and the rest 38% e rest are determined by other factors.

KERAGAMAN GENETIK 24 VARIETAS PADI SAWAH DAN PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.) INDONESIA BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR Kristianto Nugroho; Slamet Slamet; Puji Lestari
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The use of molecular marker is an efficient approach to analyze the genetic diversity and it can be used widely in biological studies. The characterization of rice germplasms by using molecular markers technique is more precise because it is not influenced by environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 24 varieties of lowland and upland rice by using 15 SSR markers. The results showed as many as 86 alleles were detected in 24 rice varieties, with the average number of alleles per marker was 5.73 and the range of alleles per locus was 2-10. The average of major allele frequency was 43% with the lowest score was 26% on RM6997 and RM536 markers and the highest score was 65% on RM60 marker. A total of 14 SSR markers were able to discriminate heterozygous alleles within a range between 0.17 (RM105) to 1.00 (RM201, RM263, RM416, RM518 and RM223). The value of gene diversity ranged from 0.48 (RM60) to 0.81 (RM536) with an average of 0.70. The value of PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) ranged from 0.38 (RM105) to 0.78 (RM536) with an average of 0.65. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 24 rice varieties separate into two main clusters in the coefficient of 0.63. The first cluster consists of 12 lowland varieties and the second cluster consists of 12 upland varieties. The genetic diversity data in this study were expected could be a valuable information in the rice plant breeding activities in the future.

DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) DENGAN PERBEDAAN LEVEL SUPLEMENTASI Spirulina platensis DALAM PAKAN Hikmah Widyaningrum; Sorta Basar Ida Simanjutak; Priyo Susatyo
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The aim of this research was to know the effect of supplemented Spirulina platensis in diet on leukocytes differential of gourami (Osphronemous gouramy Lac.) and to obtain the best dose. This research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (RAL), which consists of 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The fish fed with diets which contain different levels of (0, 2.4, and 6g/kg) Spirulina platensis were investigated. Sampling was done 4 times at intervals of 2 weeks of the feeding experiment, leukocyte differential (monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophyl) of blood taken from fish were determined. The results showed that the highest percentage of lymphocytes was found in level of supplementation of 4 g/kg of diets, whereas the highest percentage of monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were found at the level suplemetation 2 g/kg of diets. Level supplementation of S. platensis 4 g/kg of diets is an efficient and effective level in stimulating immune system cells of gourami, particularly lymphocytes cell.

KUALITAS AIR WADUK PENJALIN BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROBENTHOS Ratih Junika Widjaja Putri; Carmudi Carmudi; Anastasia Endang Pulungsari
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Macrobenthos is one of the biotic water constituent and can be used as bioindicator in determining water quality conditions. Water quality can be seen in terms of community structure of macrobenthos. The present study aimed to determine the physical and chemical water qualities in Penjalin Reservoir and to know the community structure of macrobenthos contained in the waters of Penjalin Reservoir. Community structure includes Density (organism/m2), Relative Density, Dominance Index (C) and Diversity Index (H ') as well as to determine the relationship between the water quality (physical and chemical) and the macrobenthos density. The physical and chemical qualities of Penjalin Reservoir water was good based on class III water quality standard according to PP No. 82 Ttahun 2001. Based on observation, 11 macrobenthos were obtained. Diversity Index (H') based on the criteria of Lee et al. (1978) showed moderate values (2.07 to 1.66) suggesting a low contamination level. The relationship of macrobenthos density and its chemical and physical quality of water pH, temperature, light penetration, depth, DO, BOD was weak, but had strong relationship with TSS. The results showed a linear regression equation Y = 898.76 X - 236.946 (Y = density and X = TSS) which could be interpreted that the more value of macrobenthos density the higher value of TSS contained in the water.

VARIASI SEKUENS DNA YANG DIAMPLIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN PRIMER atpB-rbcL PADA BEBERAPA KULTIVAR KACANG TANAH Yani Yuliani; Alice Yuniaty; Agus Hery Susanto
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Peanut is one of food crops commonly consumed in Indonesia. This species comprises several cultivars such as Kancil, Bison, Jerapah, Talam, and Tuban, each of which has its individual advantages and disadvantages. The vast variation among peanut cultivars leads to the need of study on genetic diversity and relationship among them using particular molecular marker. This study aims to see whether variation on DNA sequences among some peanut cultivars amplified with atpB-rbcL primers exists or not and to know the relationship among the cultivars based on the amplicon sequences. The method involves some sequential steps, i.e. genomic DNA isolation using CTAB protocol, amplification of DNA sequence using atpB-rbcL primers and sequencing of the amplification products. Data on sequences were edited manually using Bioedit version 7.0.4.1. Sequence alignment was performed using ClustalW, which is also implemented in Bioedit version 7.0.4.1. Arlequin 2.0 was used to calculate nucleotide diversity p. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Parsimony in MEGA 5.0. The results showed that considerably high variation in DNA sequences of some peanut cultivars amplified with atpB-rbcL primers are observed. On the other hands, very close genetic relationship among cultivars is found.

PERUBAHAN KADAR PROTEIN DAN STATUS LIPOSTATIK IKAN SIDAT, Anguilla bicolor, STADIA SILVER YANG DIPELIHARA PADA SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA Sintia Novia Lestari; Farida Nur Rachmawati; Untung Susilo
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is a catradomous fish, in the growth phase of life in freshwater and upon reaching adult will migrate to ocean waters to reproduce. Eel during the migration will use energy from body reserves to osmoregulation. Increased salinity will affect the osmotic pressure of the body of the fish so that the fish do active transport which requires energy. Energy that used for osmoregulation approximately 20–50% of the total energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Carbohydrates are the first source of energy that is used and then will be replaced by fat and protein as energy after carbohydrate depleted. Thus the energy utilization during osmoregulation will affect the changes in the composition of protein and fat content of the body. Fat content will affect the value of lipostatic fish is one of the growth parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the levels of protein and lipostatic eel (Anguilla bicolor) is maintained in a range of salinity. This research method is experimental research design with CRD, treatment in the form of maintenance medium salinity; 4 ppt (control), 15 ppt, and 30 ppt. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Test fish used were obtained from the Village Pesanggrahan Cilacap with range size between an average weight of 395–920 g and an average length of 59–81 cm. The variables measured were the levels of protein and lipostatic eel. Protein content measurement was conducted using kjeldahl and the fat content by soxhlet. Research results showed that the eels were exposed to salinity 4 ppt, 15 ppt and 30 ppt no effect on protein content and body lipostatic eel. It can be concluded that the eel is able to adapt well in the range between 4 ppt salinity to 30 ppt.

KEANEKARAGAMAN KULTIVAR SEMANGKA [Citrullus lanatus (THUNB.) MATSUM. & NAKAI] DI SENTRA SEMANGKA NUSAWUNGU CILACAP Utari Dwi Kusumastuti; Sukarsa Sukarsa; Pudji Widodo
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is a plant of Cucurbitaceae family which is include in an annual plant. In Indonesia, watermelon has diversity in its cultivar as can be seen from the stem, leaf, flower, and fruit morphology. This research is aimed to find out the diversity and the similarity relationship of watermelon cultivar in Nusawungu, Cilacap. A survey method was used in this research by taking the samples with a random sampling technique (purposive sampling). This research parameter consisted of stem, leaf, flower, and fruit morphology of each watermelon cultivar. Data of watermelon cultivar morphology were analyzed descriptively and then analyzed based on the similarity relationship with UPGMA method (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) using the MEGA 5.05 software. The result of this research showed that there were five watermelon cultivars namely C. lanatus ‘Farmers Giant’, C. lanatus ‘Nina’, C. lanatus ‘Black Orange’, C. lanatus ‘Torpedo’, and C. lanatus ‘Bintang’. There were two groups of watermelons based on phenetic analysis namely group I consisting of C. lanatus ‘Torpedo’, C. lanatus ‘Black Orange’, and C. lanatus ‘Nina’ cultivars, group II consisting of C. lanatus ‘Bintang’ and C. lanatus ‘Farmers Giant’. The closest similarity was between C. lanatus ‘Farmers Giant’ and C. lanatus ‘Bintang’ cultivars with the dissimilarity index of 0,516. While the most distantly related was between C. lanatus ‘Nina’ and C. lanatus ‘Farmers Giant’ cultivars with the dissimilarity index of 2,338.

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