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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 178 Documents
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The influence of social trust, place attachment, and self-efficacy on farmers' commitment to agricultural land in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia DHANU MUKTI WIBOWO; ERLIS SAPUTRA; SUDRAJAT SUDRAJAT
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100163

Abstract

Abstract. Wibowo DM, Saputra E, Sudrajat. 2026. The influence of social trust, place attachment, and self-efficacy on farmers' commitment to agricultural land in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100163. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100163. The sustainability of agricultural practices in Indonesia, as a developing country, is threatened by land conversion, with non-agricultural uses continuing to put pressure on agricultural land. This situation, which further weakens farmers' commitment to agricultural land and related activities, demands cooperative behavior from farmers and institutions, reflecting the presence of social trust. This study empirically examines how to verify the relationship between interpersonal and institutional trust and farmers' commitment to agricultural land use and ownership. It integrates place attachment and self-efficacy as mediators and examines the relationship between farmers' commitment to agricultural land use and their ownership of that land. Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the proposed hypotheses using survey data collected from 200 rice farmers in Mojolaban Sub-district, Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia. The results show that institutional trust is the strongest direct predictor of farmers’ commitment to agricultural land use (β = 0.555, p < 0.001) and agricultural land ownership (β = 0.217, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, interpersonal trust significantly increases farmers' commitment to agricultural land use through increased self-efficacy. In parallel, interpersonal trust significantly increases farmers' commitment to agricultural land ownership through place attachment. The findings also reveal a strong positive relationship between farmers’ commitment to agricultural land use and their commitment to agricultural land ownership (β = 0.671, p < 0.001). These results highlight that institutional and interpersonal trust play distinct but complementary roles in shaping farmers’ behavioral commitment. This study contributes to the literature on social capital, specifically the trust dimension, by showing that interpersonal and institutional trust are not interchangeable in the context of rural agricultural environments in Indonesia, Southeast Asia. Policy efforts should therefore focus on strengthening institutional credibility, improving extension services, and reinforcing farmer groups to enhance trust, thereby supporting long-term agricultural sustainability.
Economic and technological drivers of rural youth engagement in sugar palm agro-industry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia ERNAWATI ERNAWATI; SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH; A. MUJETAHID
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100158

Abstract

Abstract. Ernawati, Syahidah, Mujetahid A. 2026. Economic and technological drivers of rural youth engagement in sugar palm agro-industry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100158. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100158. Palm sugar derived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) supports rural livelihoods in Indonesia, yet declining youth participation may weaken enterprise regeneration. Youth refer to individuals aged 15-30 years. This study examined how social, economic, and technical (technological capital) factors, as well as environmental factors, are associated with youth involvement in the sugar-palm agroindustry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A census-based survey was conducted in Rompegading and Limapoccoe Villages (Maros District) with 51 respondents aged ≥15 years who were already engaged in tapping, processing, or marketing; interpretation emphasizes the youth subgroup where relevant. Indicators were measured using a three-point Likert scale and aggregated into composite indices for each factor and youth involvement. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between the factor indices and youth involvement. Technical (technological capital) and economic factors were positively associated with youth involvement, while social and environmental factors were not statistically significant. Findings suggest that youth engagement may be strengthened through practical training, safer and more efficient tools and processing practices, and measures that enhance income predictability and market access. Because the study is cross-sectional and site-specific, the findings should be interpreted as associative; broader, multi-site, and longitudinal studies are recommended to verify and extend these insights.
Low-cost media for Bt-based biopesticides mass production and their efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda ACHMAD DJUNAEDY; ADINDA ROHMA JULIVIA; APRILIAWATI APRILIAWATI; GITA PAWANA; DITA MEGASARI; SYAIFUL KHOIRI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100164

Abstract

Abstract. Djunaedy A, Julivia AR, Apriliawati, Pawana G, Megasari D, Khoiri S. 2026. Low-cost media for Bt-based biopesticides mass production and their efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100164. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100164. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest that threatens maize production worldwide. Biopesticides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) offer a sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides; however, their widespread adoption is often constrained by the high cost of production media. This study aimed to develop low-cost media using locally available flours (tapioca, arrowroot, mung bean, and soybean) for Bt-based biopesticide production and to evaluate their efficacy against S. frugiperda larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis strain Bt21was inoculated into each low-cost medium, and their bacterial growth was recorded. Bacterial viability during eight weeks of storage was monitored weekly using the spread agar methods. Insecticidal activity was evaluated through larval bioassays using ten larvae per experimental unit with four replications. Larval mortality was recorded and determined using probit analysis to estimate Lethal Concentration (LC) and Lethal Time (LT) values. The results showed that among the four flour, tapioca-based medium supported the highest bacterial growth and maintained viability over time compared with others. At 15% concentration, Bt formulations using tapioca and arrowroot resulted in the highest larval mortality (95% and 90%, respectively), with low LC₅₀ values (1.67% and 1.80%) and rapid LT₅₀ value (3.20 h and 9.07 h). In contrast, mung bean and soybean-based media were found less effective, exhibiting higher LC and LT values. These findings demonstrate that substrate composition significantly influences bacterial viability and insecticidal activity. In conclusion, tapioca and arrowroot flours are effective and low-cost substrates for Bt-based biopesticide production and offer promising options for sustainable pest management. The use of locally available agricultural resources can support more economical and environmentally friendly biopesticide development for farming systems.
Compositional protein and lipid quality indices in Salak (Salacca zalacca) snack bars fortified with Moringa oleifera ITA FATKHUR ROMADHONI; DWI IRIYANI; RITA ISMAWATI; KRISTIAN TRIATMAJA RAHARJA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100165

Abstract

Abstract. Romadhoni IF, Iriyani D, Ismawati R, Raharja KT. 2026. Compositional protein and lipid quality indices in Salak (Salacca zalacca) snack bars fortified with Moringa oleifera. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100165. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100165. This study evaluated whether graded incorporation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder (MOLP) induces coordinated remodeling of protein and lipid composition in salak (Salacca zalacca) flour-based snack bars. A completely randomized design was used with five fortification levels (0-8% w/w MOLP substitution in salak flour), each replicated in three independent batches (n = 3). Indispensable amino acid composition of the snack bars was quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after acid hydrolysis and pre-column derivatization. Amino acid adequacy was evaluated relative to the FAO/WHO/UNU adult reference pattern through Amino Acid Scoring (AAS). Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and lipid distribution was interpreted using composite indices including the Atherogenic Index (AI), Thrombogenic Index (TI), and the n-6/n-3 ratio. MOLP fortification produced a clear dose-dependent increase in the density of indispensable amino acids. Lysine increased from 36.13 to 58.71 mg g⁻¹ protein, correcting the intrinsic lysine limitation of the fruit-derived matrix, whereas sulfur amino acids remained limiting across treatments. Fatty acid redistribution resulted in moderate increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 36.05% of total fatty acids). Composite lipid indices remained within balanced compositional ranges, with AI decreasing to 0.95, TI reaching 0.62, and the n-6/n-3 ratio maintained at 1.32 despite a constant palm oil source. These findings demonstrate that moderate MOLP inclusion (6-8%) can simultaneously modify indispensable amino acid adequacy and lipid compositional indices in a fruit-based snack matrix. Because digestibility and bioavailability were not assessed, the results represent compositional indicators rather than physiological metrics of protein quality.
Sustainability transitions and potential naturalization risk in the trade and cultivation of Selaginella kraussiana in tropical Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO; DIANTI DIANTI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090259

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Dianti. 2025. Sustainability transitions and potential naturalization risk in the trade and cultivation of Selaginella kraussiana in tropical Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 925-945. Selaginella kraussiana has recently become popular as a tropical ornamental plant in Indonesia because of its attractive morphology, rapid vegetative growth, and suitability for humid shaded environments. However, information regarding the multidimensional sustainability of its cultivation and trade systems remains limited, particularly concerning ecological resilience, socio-economic performance, and potential naturalization risk associated with ornamental dissemination. This study evaluated the sustainability of S. kraussiana cultivation and trade systems in Central Java, Indonesia, using a RAPFISH-based multidimensional framework integrated with SWOT-TOWS analysis. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and environmental assessments involving 40 ornamental plant farmers and traders. Sustainability evaluation included ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional dimensions. The ecological dimension achieved the highest sustainability index (83.93%), indicating highly sustainable cultivation conditions supported by humid microclimates and vegetative propagation systems. Economic sustainability was categorized as moderately sustainable (58.29%), whereas social sustainability remained low sustainable (36.70%). Technological and institutional dimensions showed unsustainable conditions (18.29%) due to limited innovation, weak institutional support, and low organizational integration. Monte Carlo validation confirmed strong RAPFISH ordination reliability with stress values below 0.25 and coefficients of determination (R²) above 0.94. The study indicates that increasing ornamental trade and repeated movement of vegetative planting materials may elevate propagule pressure and warrant precautionary ecological monitoring under favorable humid tropical environments. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrating ecological precaution, technological adaptation, institutional strengthening, and biodiversity conservation into sustainable tropical ornamental horticulture systems while minimizing potential ecological risks associated with ornamental dissemination.
Socioeconomic and contextual determinants of biopesticide adoption among Indonesian farmers ISTRININGSIH ISTRININGSIH; ASTRINA YULIANTI; YOVITA ANGGITA DEWI; VYTA WAHYU HANIFAH; ANGGITA TRESLIYANA SURYANA; RIESTI TRIYANTI; EKA TRIANA YUNIARSIH; ALFAYANTI ALFAYANTI; DADANG DADANG; RIZKA AMALIA NUGRAHAPSARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100177

Abstract

Abstract. Istriningsih, Yulianti A, Dewi YA, Hanifah VW, Suryana AT, Triyanti R, Yuniarsih ET, Alfayanti, Dadang, Nugrahapsari RA. 2026. Socioeconomic and contextual determinants of biopesticide adoption among Indonesian farmers. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100176. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100176. Despite being more environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides, biopesticides remain underutilized in Indonesia due to socioeconomic and contextual constraints affecting farmers’ adoption decisions. This study employs a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-informed background factor framework to examine the socioeconomic and contextual determinants of biopesticide adoption using survey data from 322 farmers cultivating six major crops across five Indonesian provinces between August and December 2020 and applies a logit regression model. The results indicate that participation in training programs, family size, formal education, and farming experience significantly increase the likelihood of biopesticide adoption, with training emerging as the strongest determinant, raising adoption probability by approximately 18 percentage points. Each additional year of schooling also increases adoption likelihood by about 2.7 percentage points. Adoption is notably higher among shallot farmers than among those cultivating other crops, reflecting crop-specific vulnerability to pest and disease attacks as well as market quality considerations. These findings underline the importance of integrating behavioral insights into agricultural extension policies through targeted training, farmer field schools, and demonstration programs to strengthen farmers’ capacity and promote biopesticide adoption in support of sustainable agriculture.
Strategy for determining hotong (Setaria italica) planting time based on land water balance study on Yamdena Island, Maluku, Indonesia JEANNE I. NENDISSA; SEMUEL LAIMEHERIWA; ROBBY G. RISAMASU
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100167

Abstract

Abstract. Nendissa JI, Laimeheriwa S, Risamasu RG. 2026. Strategy for determining hotong (Setaria italica) planting time based on land water balance study on Yamdena Island, Maluku, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100167. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100167. Food security in archipelagic regions still faces significant challenges due to limited food distribution, high dependence on seasonal rainfall, and low diversification of local food sources. One potential commodity that can support food independence in the region is hotong (Setaria italica), which is known to have high adaptability to marginal land conditions and limited agricultural inputs. However, hotong productivity on Yamdena Island, Maluku, Indonesia, is still relatively low, mainly due to the lack of determination of planting time that is in accordance with climate dynamics and soil water availability. This study aims to determine the optimal planting period for hotong through a land water balance analysis approach. The data used include rainfall for 30 years (1995-2024), other climate parameters for 15 years (2010-2024), and soil physical properties data, namely field capacity, permanent wilting point, and water holding capacity, plus crop coefficient values. The analysis was carried out by calculating 75% probability rainfall using the rank ordering method, estimating potential evapotranspiration using Cropwat 8.0 software, and integrating all parameters in a land water balance model based on the Thornthwaite and Mather method. Simulation results from 12 planting scenarios indicate that the planting period from December-March to March-June is the safest for hotong cultivation because soil water conditions remain optimal (≥112.5 mm) without deficits. April-July is still possible with small deficits, while May-November is high risk due to large deficits (90-380 mm) and drought during the critical phase. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in water deficit among planting scenarios (F=58.47, p<0.001), confirming that early rainy season planting significantly reduces water stress. Therefore, planting at the beginning of the rainy season is recommended to maintain productivity, while serving as a scientific basis for developing an adaptive planting calendar for local food development in archipelagic regions.
Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia RATNA KOMALA DEWI; I NYOMAN GEDE USTRIYANA; ZULAZMI ZULAZMI; I KADEK WISMA YUDHA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100171

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi RK, Ustriyana ING, Zulazmi, Yudha IKW. 2026. Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100171. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100171. Maize crops in Bali, Indonesia, are widely affected by the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to assess farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm infestation and its perceived economic impacts, and to document pest management practices among maize farmers in Bali. This study used survey data obtained from 200 farmers from April 2024 to May 2025 across 9 districts and 1 city in Bali and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers’ education levels ranged from elementary school to bachelor’s degree, with most farmers having more than 10 years of farming experience. Approximately 52% of farmers reported 50-75% crop losses due to fall armyworm infestation during the dry season, which is perceived to affect farmers’ income. Most farmers perceived fall armyworm as a major threat to maize production. A total of 78% of farmers were able to correctly identify FAW, and 77% agreed that infestation reduces income. Emamectin benzoate was the most commonly used pesticide (28%) in pest management practices. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides was reported, often without adequate personal protective equipment, and pesticide application was not always aligned with recommended guidelines. These findings suggest the need for practical interventions, including farmer training and extension programs that can be implemented by the local government to improve pest management practices and reduce the impact of fall armyworm in Bali.
Integrated institutional model and API-based information system for seaweed agribusiness governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia BUDIMAN HARUNA; YUNARTI YUNARTI; WAHYUNI ZAM
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100170

Abstract

Abstract. Haruna B, Yunarti, Zam W. 2026. Integrated institutional model and API-based information system for seaweed agribusiness governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100170. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100170. This study aimed to strengthen the governance of the seaweed agribusiness value chain in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, by developing an integrated institutional model and API-based information system. Preliminary analysis shows that the value chain is still characterized by information asymmetry, the dominance of intermediaries in market access, weak coordination between actors, and the lack of digital recording and consistent quality standards. This condition increases the cost of information, negotiation, and monitoring, and limits the bargaining position of farmers. The research uses a qualitative case study approach through in-depth interviews, FGD, document analysis, and expert validation. The data is thematically analyzed to map the actors, governance relationships, and main sources of transaction costs. The results of the analysis were used to design a new institutional model that strengthens the role of cooperatives and farmer groups as nodes for coordination, data consolidation, and collective negotiation, while improving working relationships with local governments, financial institutions, exporters, and universities. The model is operationalized through an API-based information system that supports data exchange, production recording, market demand, and documentation of transactions between actors. Validation is carried out through simulation-based functional testing of key operational scenarios, including production recording, market demand delivery, harvest ordering, and data synchronization between authorized users. The test results showed that the system was able to run key process flows consistently and provide a more transparent digital footprint for coordination needs. In agribusiness, this design has the potential to increase marketing certainty, assist production planning based on demand, accelerate coordination between sectors, and reduce farmers' reliance on informal information. Theoretically, these findings suggest that digitalization for smallholders will be more effective if it is accompanied by institutional restructuring, not just technology adoption. The developed system has achieved functional feasibility as the basis for pilot implementation and advanced field evaluation in South Sulawesi.
Determinants of household food waste in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on an urban-rural regression analysis PUTRI DAULIKA; BERNATAL SARAGIH; MARIYAH MARIYAH
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100166

Abstract

Abstract. Daulika P, Saragih B, Mariyah. 2026. Determinants of household food waste in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on an urban-rural regression analysis. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100119. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100119. Food waste is a critical issue affecting environmental quality, economic efficiency, and food security. In East Kalimantan, more than 50% of generated waste is attributed to food waste, yet empirical evidence comparing urban-rural determinants of household food waste in Indonesia remains limited. This study examines the determinants of household food waste across urban and rural settings in East Kalimantan using a quantitative household survey and multiple linear regression analysis. Model significance was assessed using t-tests and F-tests, while explanatory power was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate clear contextual differences. In urban areas, household income, food processing practices, and food storage significantly influence food waste. In rural areas, significant determinants include household income, food acquisition methods, and food storage. Notably, income and food storage are consistent predictors in both contexts, whereas food processing is more salient in urban households and food acquisition is more salient in rural households. These findings suggest that food-waste reduction strategies should be context-specific: urban interventions should prioritize consumer education and household expenditure planning, while rural interventions should focus on improving food acquisition efficiency, strengthening local food utilization, and promoting household-based organic recycling to support sustainable food security.

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