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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 150 Documents
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Identification and inventory of bagworms on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia ANGGRAINI, ERISE; PURBA, HAPOSAN; HERLINDA, SITI; SUSILAWATI, SUSILAWATI; LAU, WEI HONG; ARINAFRIL, ARINAFRIL
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100128

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini E, Purba H, Herlinda S, Susilawati, Lau WH, Arinafril A. 2026. Identification and inventory of bagworms on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100128. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100128. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of Indonesia’s most important plantation commodities and a major contributor to the national economy. However, productivity is often constrained by pest infestations, particularly bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), which damage palm fronds and reduce photosynthetic capacity. This study aimed to identify bagworm species and quantify their abundance and infestation intensity in oil palm plantations in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, to provide baseline information supporting the development of appropriate integrated pest management strategies. Field observations were conducted using a diagonal sampling method across five plots, with 20 trees observed per plot (100 trees in total). Bagworms were collected manually and identified based on morphological characteristics. Four species were recorded: Pteroma sp., Metisa plana, Pteroma pendula, and Mahasena corbetti. Pteroma sp. was the dominant species (912 individuals), whereas M. corbetti had the lowest abundance (137 individuals). The overall mean infestation intensity across the five plots was 62%, calculated using the Townsend-Heuberger index, indicating severe foliar damage. Higher infestation levels were observed in edge plots and areas exposed to greater sunlight. These findings indicate a high level of bagworm infestation in the study area and variation in abundance across plots, possibly influenced by microenvironmental factors. This study provides baseline information on bagworm species composition, abundance, and infestation intensity, which is important to support the implementation of appropriate integrated pest management strategies in oil palm plantations.
Anatomical compatibility of avocado grafting at different scion growth stages RAMDAN HIDAYAT; ANTONIA JESSICA SHERLYN DA COSTA; JULI SANTOSO PIKIR; MUHAMMAD RIZKY ROMADHON; OKKY TALITHA; TILMIIDZAH SALMA FATHIN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100131

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayat R, Da Costa AJS, Pikir JS, Romadhon MR, Talitha O, Fathin TS. 2026. Anatomical compatibility of avocado grafting at different scion growth stages. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100131. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100131. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three grafting methods: cleft, wedge, and splice combined with three scion physiological stages: flushing (10 days after shoot emergence), endodormancy (30 days), and ecodormancy (50 days). The experiment assessed graft success in terms of survival rate, bud break duration, leaf production, flush interval, and vascular tissue compatibility. The splice grafting method using scions at the ecodormancy stage yielded the highest graft survival (72.50%), significantly outperforming other combinations. This treatment also achieved the earliest bud break (6.17 days), produced the most leaves (8.92 leaves per scion), and exhibited the shortest flush interval. Microscopic analysis at 45 and 60 days after grafting (DAG), using an Olympus CX21 binocular microscope equipped with an Optilab camera, revealed superior tissue compatibility in this treatment, characterized by minimal necrosis and successful union of xylem and phloem between the rootstock and scion. It is the first study to integrate physiological scion staging with histological validation of graft compatibility in avocado (Persea americana). These findings demonstrate that splice grafting with ecodormant scions significantly enhances morphological performance and vascular integration, providing a practical and scientifically supported protocol for improving avocado propagation in tropical highland conditions.
Bamboo vinegar as a sustainable botanical alternative for managing pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) ROSAWANIS ROSLI; NURUL FATIHAH ABD LATIP; MOHAMMAD AZIZI ABDULLAH
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100133

Abstract

Abstract. Rosli R, Abd Latip NF, Abdullah MA. 2026. Bamboo vinegar as a sustainable botanical alternative for managing pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100133. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100133. The pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes, is a persistent pest that threatens pineapple production worldwide and is commonly managed using synthetic insecticides. However, intensive chemical use raises concerns related to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and residue accumulation. Botanical products such as Bamboo Vinegar (BV) have emerged as sustainable alternatives, yet evidence of their multifaceted bioactivity against mealybugs remains limited. This study evaluated the laboratory insecticidal and repellent efficacy of BV against D. brevipes using controlled bioassays. Mortality and survival were assessed over 24-120 h, while repellency was determined using an area-preference assay at 1 h and 6 h post-treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a clear time-dependent reduction in mealybug survival, with median survival declining from 120.00±15.02 h to 72.00±11.30 h across BV concentrations. Differences among BV concentrations were modest, indicating consistent toxic effects within the tested range. In addition to mortality, BV induced consistent behavioral avoidance. Repulsion indices ranged from 0.26 to 0.52 across all concentrations, with 20% BV achieving the highest repellency (74.41±10.64%), exceeding that of white oil (60.80±19.58%). All treatments were classified within repellency Categories 3 and 4, reflecting moderate but reliable repellency. The primary novelty of this study lies in providing laboratory evidence that BV exhibits dual insecticidal-repellent activity against D. brevipes, combining lethal and sublethal effects within a single botanical input. While field validation and formulation optimisation are required, these results provide strong evidence that BV could be integrated into pineapple IPM programs as an eco-friendly tool to suppress mealybug populations and reduce reliance on synthetic insecticides.
Perception of climate change and driving factors for the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties in Bangladesh MD REZAUL KARIM; MD. ABDUL MAJID PRAMANIK; NOOR MUHAMMAD; ATAHARUL CHOWDHURY; MD. KHALID AURANGOZEB; REBEKA SULTANA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100137

Abstract

Abstract. Karim MR, Pramanik MAM, Muhammad N, Chowdhury A, Aurangozeb MK, Sultana R. 2026. Perception of climate change and driving factors for the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties in Bangladesh. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100137. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100137. The adoption of Drought Tolerant Varieties (DTV) of rice can be a significant solution to combat water scarcity and reduce grain yield loss. The main objective of the study is to determine farmers’ perceptions of climate change and to explore the drivers of the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties. The study was conducted in two villages of Farakkhabad Union Parishad of Biral Upzila under Dinajpur District of Northern Bangladesh. The data were collected from 181 sampled rice farmers who experienced seasonal drought in crop cultivation due to decreasing rainfall over the years. The observed meteorological data on temperature and rainfall closely aligned with perceptions of climate change. The study found that 61.32% of farmers adopted the drought tolerant rice varieties. The logit regression analysis showed that eight factors, such as gender, education, farm size, income, training access, extension service, credit access, and access to Information, Communication and Technology (ICT), significantly influenced the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties. Non-adopter farmers cited a lack of information, unavailability of seeds, and a lack of cash to purchase seeds as major obstacles to the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties. Therefore, in term of novelty, this study highlights and incorporates the institutional factors along with socio-economic factors of the rice farmers by indicating their climate change perception and aligning with meteorological data. The study recommends that different government and non-government extension programs can promote institutional services for training, credit and information acccess to overcome the challenges of non-adoption. Further relevance policies and uptake programs could accelerate the adoption of drought tolerant rice varieties to cope with the impacts of drought.
Physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds NURRAHMAN NURRAHMAN; AGUS SUYANTO; RAHAYU ASTUTI; YUNIKE KUSUMA DEWI; NUR AMALIA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100132

Abstract

Abstract. Nurrahman, Suyanto A, Astuti R, Dewi YK, Amalia N. 2026. Physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100132. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100132. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds, in terms of their chemical and nutritional components, have potential as a functional food. The bioactive components contained in pumpkin seeds include carotenoids, tocopherols, antioxidants, and sterols. Pumpkin seed is also rich in bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols, which have antioxidant activity and potential for pharmacological research. The aim of this research is to determine the physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin seeds. The research was conducted on five varieties of pumpkin; the pumpkins were cut in half and the seeds were removed. Then, the weight and volume of the seeds were measured. After that, the tested composition covered levels of proximate, fiber, fatty acids, amino acids, β-carotene, total phenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins C and E. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA method, and the LSD method was used to see the differences between each variety. Research results showed that the five varieties of pumpkin seeds had physical, compositional, nutritional, and antioxidant characteristics, as well as amino acids, that vary. The most common amino acids from the various varieties were glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. The seeds of Kabocha pumpkin had a composition of proximate, nutrients, antioxidants, and amino acids that are higher compared to other pumpkin seeds varieties. Meanwhile, the highest fatty acids were in the Ketan variety. Different varieties of pumpkin seeds had different physical and chemical characteristics.
Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots NUR PRIHATININGSIH; ROBI AZIS ARIFIANTO; DINA ISTIQOMAH; IRWANDHI IRWANDHI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100136

Abstract

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Arifianto RA, Istiqomah D, Irwandhi. 2026. Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100136. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100136. Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii) is a major disease of shallots (Allium cepa) that requires continuous control. The use of rhizobacterial bioinoculants is an environmentally friendly strategy that serves a dual role, as a biocontrol and a plant growth promoter. This study aims to evaluate the bioinoculant Bacillus cereus in controlling bacterial leaf blight and increasing shallot growth. This research was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors (cropping pattern and biofertilizer) and 3 replications. All B. cereus treatments inhibited the pathogen's growth in vitro via a bacteriostatic mechanism, with isolate Bm3 producing the largest inhibition zone (14.75 mm). In addition, each B. cereus isolate can produce siderophores and proteases, as well as dissolve phosphate. In field tests, B. cereus treatment can significantly reduce disease development compared to the control. The consortium treatment tended to show the highest efficacy, with low disease intensity (8.33%), control effectiveness of 51.93%, reduced AUDPC (23.50%), and increased nutrient uptake of shallot. These results indicate that the B. cereus bioinoculant, in the form of a consortium, has the potential to be an effective multifunctional inoculant for controlling bacterial leaf blight and enhancing growth in sustainable shallot cultivation.
Effect of sampling depth on °Brix prediction in melon (Cucumis melo) using Visible Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) WIRAWAN, RAYZRAN LAKSAMANA; KHURIYATI, NAFIS; PAMUNGKAS, AGUNG PUTRA; RAMADANI, MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100139

Abstract

Abstract. Wirawan RL, Khuriyati N, Pamungkas AP, Ramadani MI. 2026. Effect of sampling depth on °Brix prediction in melon (Cucumis melo) using Visible Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100139. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100139. The accuracy of non-destructive melon sweetness (°Brix) prediction using Visible Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) depends strongly on the quality and representativeness of destructive reference measurements. However, standardized reference sampling depth for °Brix determination has not been clearly established. This study systematically evaluated the effect of reference sampling depth on the performance of Vis-NIRS-based prediction models in melon (Cucumis melo). Spectral data were collected from six surface points per fruit, while reference °Brix values were obtained from two different tissue depths to represent differences in internal chemical composition. Full flesh depth sampling represented the entire edible mesocarp from the outer flesh to the fruit center, while partial flesh depth sampling represented only the outer mesocarp close to the rind. Artificial neural network models were developed to compare predictive performance. The model calibrated with full-depth reference values achieved higher prediction accuracy (92.88%) and stronger correlation (R²=0.75) than the model calibrated with partial-depth references (86.66%; R²=0.50), with the difference statistically confirmed by Welch’s t-test (p<0.001). These results demonstrate that aligning destructive reference measurements with fruit internal heterogeneity is essential for improving the reliability of non-destructive sweetness assessment. The findings provide practical guidance for developing more robust non-destructive quality evaluation protocols of melon and other horticultural crops with spatially heterogeneous internal structures.
Socio-economic and agroecological factors influencing sacha inchi productivity in West Java, Indonesia YUSUF, MUHAMAD NURDIN; DADI, DADI; RACHMAWATI, JETI; ANDRIE, BENIDZAR M.; AZIZ, SAEPUL; MAULADI, MOCHAMAD ARIEF RIZKI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100140

Abstract

Abstract. Yusuf MN, Dadi, Rachmawati J, Andrie BM, Aziz S, Mauladi MAR. 2026. Socio-economic and agroecological factors influencing sacha inchi productivity in West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100140. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100140. The high economic value of sacha inchi has attracted many farmers to cultivate it, despite the fact that it remains a relatively new crop with limited available information. We examined the effects socio-economic and agroecological factors on the sacha inchi productivity. The research was carried out using a survey based quantitative analysis involving 78 sacha inchi farmers in West Java Province, Indonesia, selected through a census approach. The data analyzed were primary data collected directly from respondents through structured interviews using questionnaires, in-depth interviews with key informants, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Factors affecting the productivity of sacha inchi were analyzed using inferential statistics through a multiple linear regression model. The results at the 95% confidence level indicated that age, education, experience, family responsibility, soil acid, and altitude had a significant effect on sacha inchi productivity when tested simultaneously. Partially, age, education, soil acid, and altitude significantly influenced productivity, whereas farming experience and family responsibility did not have a significant effect. The novelty of this research resides in the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between farmers’ social conditions and the biophysical characteristics of land in determining sacha inchi productivity, an aspect that has been scarcely explored in prior studies.
Ordinal regression of rice technology adoption in Pinrang, Indonesia HASNAL, HASNAL; BDR, MUH. FARID; AKHSAN, AKHSAN; JAMIL, MUHAMMAD HATTA; BABA, SYAHDAR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100146

Abstract

Abstract. Hasnal, BDR MF, Akhsan, Jamil MH, Baba S. 2026. Ordinal regression of rice technology adoption in Pinrang, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100146. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100146. The agricultural sector continues to play a vital role in sustaining livelihoods in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national food security and rural economic development, with rice as the staple food. However, the decline in rice cultivation area and productivity in Pinrang District highlights the need to enhance the adoption of agricultural technology. Optimizing rice production requires intensive management, including the use of modern equipment, high-yielding varieties, and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. This study examines the socioeconomic factors influencing the adoption of rice farming technology amid increasing agricultural digitalisation. The results indicate that most farmers are at a moderate level of technology adoption, suggesting uneven diffusion across farmer groups. Formal education, distance from home to farmland, extension intensity, and household income emerged as key positive predictors of adoption. In contrast, participation in non-formal education had a negative effect, particularly among farmers who had never attended non-formal training. These findings provide important insights for policymakers and stakeholders in designing targeted interventions, strengthening extension services, and improving access to education and resources to promote wider adoption of agricultural technologies and ultimately enhance rice productivity and farmers’ welfare.
The effect of brassinosteroid on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) growth under varying water availability NURROHMAH, AULIA; SOLICHATUN, SOLICHATUN; PITOYO, ARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100144

Abstract

Abstract. Nurrohmah A, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2026. The effect of brassinosteroid on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) growth under varying water availability. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100144. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100144. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a horticultural crop belonging the family Cucurbitaceae and is widely consumed in Indonesia. Cucumber production in the country tends to fluctuate due to extreme climate conditions, which cause variations in water availability and consequently disrupt plant growth. One approach to enhance cucumber tolerance to fluctuating water conditions is the application of brassinosteroid. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and determine the most effective concentration of brassinosteroid on cucumber growth under different level of water availability. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with two factors and four replications. The first factor was field capacity (100%, 60%, and 40%), and the second was brassinosteroid (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm). Cucumbers were grown for 40 days after transplanting and brassinosteroid was applied weekly as a foliar spray to the leaf surface. Data were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by one-way unstucked ANOVA at a significance level of P < 0.05. Then tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. The Correlation analysis used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that brassinosteroid significantly improved cucumber growth parameters under different water availabilities. A brassinosteroid concentration of 0.5 ppm was most effective in improving vegetative growth parameters and plant biomass at 60% field capacity, while also increasing chlorophyll content under well-watered conditions (100% field capacity). In contrast, a higher concentration of 2 ppm promoted proline accumulation at 40% field capacity. The research suggest that lower brassinosteroid promote cucumber growth under moderate, whereas higher concentrations facilitate osmotic adjustment under severe drought conditions.

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