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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 150 Documents
Phenotypic evaluation of gamma-induced dwarf mutants in Dendrobium crumenatum at M2 generation DWIYANI, RINDANG; DARMAWATI, IDA AYU PUTRI; KAWURI, RETNO; FITRIANI, YUYUN; KAMUHI, RINI HERMINA; HANIFAH, WAFA’ NUR; SANTIKA, I PUTU BENNY
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100150

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Abstract. Dwiyani R, Darmawati IAP, Kawuri R, Fitriani Y, Kamuhi RH, Hanifah WN, Santika IPB. 2026. Phenotypic evaluation of gamma-induced dwarf mutants in Dendrobium crumenatum at M2 generation. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100150. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100150. Bali, Indonesia, has strong potential for the development of ornamental orchids, particularly compact cultivars with high commercial value. Dendrobium crumenatum, a native Indonesian orchid, is widely appreciated for its white, fragrant flowers; however, its tall growth habit limits its suitability as a potted ornamental plant. This study aimed to induce and evaluate dwarf phenotypes in D. crumenatum using gamma irradiation. Plantlets were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates and three plantlets per replicate (n=75). Morphological traits were assessed after in vitro culture and acclimatization. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Gamma irradiation significantly affected all measured traits. The 5 Gy treatment caused severe growth suppression, reducing plant height, leaf number, and shoot number by approximately 53.7%, 81.7%, and 84.4%, respectively, compared to the control. In contrast, the 10 Gy treatment achieved a similar reduction in plant height (~52.6%) while maintaining higher leaf number (~83.3% of control) and shoot number (~62.2% of control), indicating a more balanced morphological response. The 15 Gy treatment showed minimal deviation from the control, whereas 20 Gy produced semi-compact plants with moderate shoot retention. These results demonstrate a non-linear dose-response relationship, where intermediate doses (particularly 10 Gy) optimize the trade-off between dwarfism and vegetative performance. These findings indicate that medium gamma irradiation doses are effective for generating dwarf D. crumenatum mutants suitable for potted ornamental use and demonstrate the potential of mutation breeding to support orchid improvement and the floriculture industry.
Coffee-goat integrated system for assessing livelihood vulnerability (LVI-IPCC) and household food security in Lampung Province, Indonesia MURNIATI, KTUT; ABIDIN, ZAINAL; FIRDASARI, FIRDASARI; MARLINA, LINA; SETA, AMANDA PUTRA; ARIFATUZZAKIYAH, MAULA; SARI, LAVITA WIRDA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100151

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Abstract. Murniati K, Abidin Z, Firdasari, Marlina L, Seta AP, Arifatuzzakiyah M, Sari LW. 2026. Coffee-goat integrated system for assessing livelihood vulnerability (LVI-IPCC) and household food security in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100151. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100151. This study analyzes the livelihood vulnerability and food security of farming households who implemented integrated coffee-goat farming system in Air Naningan Sub-district, Tanggamus District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Primary data were collected through a structured survey of 88 farming households that selected purposively. Livelihood vulnerability was measured using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index-IPCC (LVI-IPCC) framework, which included three main components, namely exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Household food security was classified based on a combination of the proportion of food expenditure and the level of energy consumption adequacy. The results showed an LVI-IPCC value was -0.00171, indicated as moderate vulnerability, with adaptive capacity relatively higher than the level of exposure. In terms of food security, 26% of households were classified food secure households, food vulnerable households (24%), food less secure households (39%), and food insecure households (11%). These findings confirmed that although coffee-goat integrated system strengthened the adaptive capacity of farming households, food security challenges remained a major issue that required more targeted policy interventions. The implications of these findings suggested that moderate vulnerability and unequal distribution of food security demand rural development policies that not only encourage agricultural integration but also strengthen household food diversification, income stabilization, and community-based nutrition interventions.
A comparative study of the economic efficiency of ritual-based Sorghum bicolor farming in Indonesia LANAMANA, WILLYBRORDUS; FATIMA, IMACULATA; SUPARDI, PHILIPUS NERIUS
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100149

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Abstract. Lanamana W, Fatima I, Supardi PN. 2026. A comparative study of the economic efficiency of ritual-based Sorghum bicolor farming in Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100149. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100149. Sorghum bicolor is an alternative food source in the Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, given its low productivity and inefficient yields. Farming rituals have been proven to increase S. bicolor productivity. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the economic efficiency level of farmers who engage in S. bicolor farming ritual practices, and who do not, as well as to review the factors affecting both practices. The Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier production function analysis was adopted. Production variables included land, seeds, fertilizers, labor, and pesticides. This study was conducted in four S. bicolor potential sub-districts, using a census method with 385 farmers as respondents. The farmers from three sub-districts who practiced farming rituals included Wolojita (50 farmers), Lepembusu Kelisoke (75 farmers), and Kotabaru (50 farmers). A total of 210 farmers from the Nangapenda Sub-district did not practice farming rituals. The results showed that farming rituals were more effective, with technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies of 91%, 95%, and 92%, respectively. However, without farming rituals, 78%, 78%, and 64% were achieved in technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies, respectively. A benefit-cost ratio analysis of >1 showed that S. bicolor farming was feasible. Factors that positively affected economic efficiency comprised education, farmer group membership, and rituals. Local governments need to ensure agricultural extension schedules support traditional calendars to facilitate simultaneous planting. The transformation of farmer groups into agricultural input providers was also required.
Optimizing banana corm-based local microorganisms for reduced NPK fertilization in pak choi (Brassica rapa) PURBA, JHON HARDY; SUARMIKA, I GUSTI MADE; PRABAWA, PUTU SHANTIAWAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100145

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Abstract. Purba JH, Suarmika IGM, Prabawa PS. 2026. Optimizing banana corm-based local microorganisms for reduced NPK fertilization in pak choi (Brassica rapa). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100145. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100145. This study evaluated the effectiveness of banana corm-based local microorganisms (MOL) in reducing inorganic NPK fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, inputs while maintaining pak choi (Brassica rapa) productivity, as measured by fresh and oven-dry biomass. This study quantitatively evaluates MOL × NPK interactions and identifies the agronomic optimum MOL dose using regression analysis, a topic that has rarely been addressed in previous MOL studies. The experiment was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 in a lowland tropical agroecosystem in Bali, Indonesia, using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors: three MOL doses (0, 30, and 60 mL polybag-¹) and four NPK levels (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose). Growth and yield parameters included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and fresh and oven-dry biomass of shoots, roots, and total plants. Analysis of variance showed that MOL application significantly affected leaf area, root biomass, and total biomass (p < 0.05), whereas NPK level alone was not significant. However, a significant MOL × NPK interaction was observed for root and total biomass (p < 0.05). The 30 mL MOL treatment combined with 50-75% NPK produced the highest biomass, indicating a synergistic effect and allowing up to a 50% reduction in inorganic NPK fertilizer without loss of productivity. Quadratic regression analysis identified an agronomic optimum MOL dose of approximately 33 mL polybag-¹ under reduced NPK conditions (R² = 0.82). This study provides quantitative evidence that integrating MOL with reduced NPK fertilization improves nutrient-use efficiency in pak choi cultivation. However, the results are based on a short-term pot experiment, and field-scale validation is required. The integration of locally available organic microbial inputs offers a promising approach to support more sustainable and cost-effective vegetable production systems.
Projecting climate change impacts on chalky grain rice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and implications for heat-tolerant rice variety breeding PRAMANA, AYUB; NURHASANAH, NURHASANAH; SUNARYO, WIDI; RUSDIANSYAH, RUSDIANSYAH; PRANOTO, HADI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100147

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Abstract. Pramana A, Nurhasanah, Sunaryo W, Rusdiansyah, Pranoto, H. 2026. Projecting climate change impacts on chalky grain rice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and implications for heat-tolerant rice variety breeding. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100147. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100147. Rising temperatures associated with climate change are increasing the incidence of Chalky Grain Rice (CGR), reducing grain quality. This study projects future CGR risk and identifies the level of heat-tolerance required for rice varieties to maintain acceptable grain quality under climate change in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Future CGR incidence was simulated using a temperature-based CGR model combined with bias-corrected climate projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, along with simulations of rice varietal heat-tolerance under optimistic, median, and pessimistic conditions. Results indicate that even under the low-emission RCP2.6 scenario, most rice-growing areas are projected to exceed the 15% CGR threshold by the 2040s under the optimistic case. Under median conditions, substantially higher CGR levels are projected, particularly under RCP 8.5. To maintain CGR below acceptable limits, rice varieties capable of tolerating temperature increases of approximately 2-3.5°C above current conditions are required by the 2040s, while pessimistic scenarios under both RCPs demand heat-tolerance of up to 4°C. These findings highlight the urgent need to accelerate targeted breeding programs to develop heat-tolerant rice varieties capable of sustaining grain quality, meeting national standards, and remaining resilient under continued climate warming.
Flower phenology and artificial pollination timing in two parental Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei) NAJIB, GILMAN AIMAN; MUSTOFA, MUSTOFA; MAXISELLY, YUDITHIA; ROSNIAWATY, SANTI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100142

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Abstract. Najib GA, Mustofa, Maxiselly Y, Rosniawaty S. 2026. Flower phenology and artificial pollination timing in two parental Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100142. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/ g100142. Excelsa coffee is a cross-pollinating coffee variety whose reproductive success depends on synchronization between flower phenology and pollination timing. However, information on flower development and artificial pollination timing in Excelsa coffee remains limited. This exploratory descriptive field study aimed to determine (i) the duration required for flower buds to reach the phenologically suitable stage for pollination and (ii) the artificial pollination timing associated with more rapid progression toward early fruit development under observed conditions. Field observations were conducted at Agricultural Assembly and Modernization Agency: Industrial and Refreshing Plant, Indonesia, using two six-year-old parental of Excelsa coffee plants (n=2) that pollinated multiple times and gained 12 successful pollination flowers as the samples. Flower development was monitored from inflorescence emergence (stage 51) to early fruit development (stage 71) following the BBCH scale. Parameters observed included flower bud number, flower bud length, duration to the phenologically suitable stage, and time from pollination to initial fruit development. Artificial pollination was performed at 05:00, 06:00, 07:00, and 08:00 AM, with three pollinated flowers per treatment. Data were analyzed descriptively using means, standard deviations, and population variance, and thermal accumulation was assessed using Growing Degree Days (GDD). Results showed that flower buds required approximately 25-30 days to reach the phenologically suitable stage for pollination. 70% of buds reached BBCH stage 58 on day 25, with a mean bud length of 8.03 mm, while first flowering (BBCH 60) occurred around day 30. Flower bud length exhibited greater variability during early development and became more uniform toward later stages. Following artificial pollination, all treatments reached BBCH stage 70 by day 7; however, under the observed conditions, pollination at 08:00 AM was associated with faster progression to BBCH stage 71, with 66% of samples reaching this stage by day 13. These findings provide baseline phenological information and indicate a narrow temporal window suitable for artificial pollination in Excelsa coffee under the observed conditions.
Phytoremediation potentials of eight plant species on the tropical gold mine reclamation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia ANWAR, SYAIFUL; MANSOR, ASYRAF BIN; HARIS, HAZZEMAN; HAYATI, QESHY NATA; FATHIYA, NIR; BUDIMAN, BUDIMAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100148

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Abstract. Anwar S, Mansor AB, Haris H, Hayati QN, Fathiya N, Budiman. 2026. Phytoremediation potentials of eight plant species on the tropical gold mine reclamation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100148. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100148. Post-mining landscapes are often characterized by degraded soils and elevated concentrations of metals, which may hinder ecological recovery and vegetation establishment. This study assessed the accumulation and translocation of metals, i.e., ferrum (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and aluminium (Al), in eight fast-growing plant species (i.e., Falcataria falcata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ixonanthes reticulata, Macaranga conifera, Macaranga tanarius, Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, and Samanea saman) at the Martabe gold mining reclamation site, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil and plant samples were collected from three reclaimed areas and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Phytoremediation potentials were assessed using bioconcentration factors (BCF), translocation factors (TF), and phytomining potentials. The results showed that reclaimed soils were acidic and characterized by very high Al concentration (mean 110,100 mg kg-¹) and Fe concentrations (mean 83,309 mg kg-¹) and moderate concentrations of Mn (mean 653 mg kg-¹), Zn (mean 410 mg kg-¹), Cu (mean 277 mg kg-¹), and Ni (mean 513 mg kg-¹). Five planted species showed medium Mn accumulation (BCF 0.1-1), low Zn accumulation in all planted species (BCF 0.01-0.1) and low and negligible uptake in eight species of Fe, Cu, Ni, and Al. Translocation factors indicated Zn and Cu were preferentially translocated to shoots (TF>1), supporting phytoextraction, while Mn exhibited mixed translocation, with M. conifera acting as a phytostabilizer. Leguminous species, particularly I. reticulata, M. cajuputi, and S. saman, demonstrated relatively higher root-to-shoot translocation efficiencies. Preliminary phytomining estimates, based on single-plot biomass measurements, indicated a greater potential removal for Al (up to 13.7 kg ha-¹), Mn (up to 5.1 kg ha-¹), and Fe (up to 3.15 kg ha-¹) compared to other metals. The results demonstrate clear functional differentiation among planted species, and highlight the importance of trait-based species selection and mixed-species plantings to optimize phytoremediation and support revegetation on reclaimed gold mining lands.
Determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior in Soppeng District, Indonesia as implications for adaptive decision making toward sustainable agriculture ARDIANSYAH, MUH. FARREL PRAYOGA; SALAM, MUSLIM; JAMIL, MUHAMMAD HATTA; RUKKA, RUSLI M.; DARMA, RAHIM; AKZAR, RIDA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100152

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Abstract. Ardiansyah MFP, Salam M, Jamil MH, Rukka RM, Darma R, Akzar R. 2026. Determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior in Soppeng District, Indonesia as implications for adaptive decision making toward sustainable agriculture. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100152. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100152. Access to accurate and timely agricultural market information is essential for improving farmers' decision-making, market participation, adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, biodiversity conservation, and their ability to respond to economic and environmental uncertainty, ultimately promoting sustainable agriculture. However, many farmers remain reluctant to seek such information actively. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior, explicitly distinguishing it from general agricultural information access that dominates existing studies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 190 paddy farmers in Soppeng District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, selected using Cochrans' sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Descriptive results show that farmer groups (30.43%) are the primary source of market information, followed by independent searching (20.11%), extension workers (19.02%), and fellow farmers (18.48%). Logistic regression results indicate that age (β = -0.080; p < 0.05) and farming experience (β = -0.045; p < 0.10) negatively influence information-seeking behavior, while education (β = 0.325; p < 0.01), crop diversification (β = 2.790; p < 0.01), extension contact (β = 0.148; p < 0.10), market distance (β = 0.515; p < 0.10), and credit access (β = 1.273; p < 0.05) have positive effects. The model demonstrates good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.881) and strong explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.665). These findings suggest that market information seeking is a behavioral response shaped by farmers' capacity, institutional exposure, and incentives to manage price and income uncertainty, rather than by information availability alone, with implications for how farmers adapt their sustainable production, resource use, and marketing strategies under changing economic and environmental conditions for sustainable agriculture goals. This study provides empirical evidence that strengthening behavior-sensitive extension systems, local information intermediaries, and integrated market information services is critical to enhancing farmers' decision-making and supporting sustainable agricultural systems.
Transformational leadership and field-level accountability in smallholder beef cattle development under environmental uncertainty FATHUROHMAN, FERDI; NURTANTI, INA; FAJRI, NEFI ANDRIANA; MUKMINAH, NURUL; RAHMAWATI, RAHMI; EKOWATI, TITIK; GAYATRI, SIWI; ADIWINARTI, RETNO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100143

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Abstract. Fathurohman F, Ekowati T, Gayatri S, Adiwinarti R, Nurtanti I, Fajri NA, Mukminah N, Rahmawati R. 2026. Transformational leadership and field-level accountability in smallholder beef cattle development under environmental uncertainty. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100143. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100143. Accountability within Indonesia’s smallholder beef cattle development program (SIKOMANDAN) is crucial for ensuring national meat security, yet program implementation frequently faces complex field-level challenges such as biological risks and resource instability. This study investigates the institutional determinants of program accountability, focusing on the direct effects of System Integrity (SI), Internal Control Systems (ICS), and Transformational Leadership (TL), alongside the moderating roles of Organizational Commitment (OC) and Environmental Uncertainty (EU). A quantitative survey was conducted using a purposive sampling technique in Subang District, West Java, Indonesia, involving 125 local government officials and agricultural extension workers. Empirical data were evaluated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test both direct and interaction effects. The results show that Transformational Leadership (β = 0.458, p < 0.001) and System Integrity (β = 0.392, p < 0.001) significantly enhance accountability, with the model explaining 76.4% of variance (R² = 0.764). In contrast, the Internal Control System has no significant direct effect (β = -0.017, p = 0.814). Organizational Commitment emerges as a significant independent predictor (β = 0.512, p < 0.001) rather than a moderator. Environmental Uncertainty shows no direct effect but indicates a borderline negative effect on internal controls (β = -0.135, p = 0.058). These findings highlight that accountability in livestock governance is driven more by leadership and system integrity than by formal control mechanisms alone. Strengthening adaptive governance through leadership development and flexible operational procedures is essential for program effectiveness in volatile agricultural contexts.
Principal component analysis-based soil quality assessment of agronomic management practices in Marawi City, Philippines OUANO, ANALIZA C.; ESCOMEN, EDGEL O.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100141

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Abstract. Ouano AC, Escomen EO. 2026. Principal component analysis-based soil quality assessment of agronomic management practices in Marawi City, Philippines. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100141. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100141. Soil Quality (SQ) is essential for agricultural sustainability and food security. This study evaluated 17 agricultural areas at the Mindanao State University Main Campus in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines (MSU Main), using a Principal Component Analysis-based Soil Quality Index (PCA-SQI). Composite soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological properties to identify associations with historical management practices. The PCA accounted for 78.00% of the cumulative variance. Ten indicators were retained from 17 measured parameters using PCA-based minimum data set selection criteria (silt, organic matter, pH, porosity, void ratio, volumetric moisture content, total nitrogen, clay, sand, and earthworm density) to formulate the SQI. Fifteen areas exhibited SQI values between 0.50 and 0.80 (medium suitability), while two severely degraded areas had indices of 0.4733 and 0.4932. Descriptive analysis revealed that areas subjected to continuous monocropping, conventional tillage, and exclusive synthetic fertilizer use were associated with lower SQI values, whereas sites employing integrated nutrient management and reduced tillage practices exhibited relatively higher soil functional capacity. Although statistical comparisons showed no significant differences across management categories (p>0.05), observable trends suggest that localized agronomic practices are descriptively associated with soil quality dynamics. Overall, the PCA-SQI framework provides a practical, site-specific diagnostic approach to evaluate soil functional status and highlights that integrating organic amendments and reducing tillage are vital for localized rehabilitation, though causal inferences remain limited by the observational study design.