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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 221 Documents
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A gap analysis of farmers' exposure to extension strategies for promoting climate-smart agriculture in selected areas of coastal Bangladesh M. S. HOWLADER; M. K. HASAN; M. U. RASHID; M. E. UDDIN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100219

Abstract

Abstract. Howlader MS, Hasan MK, Rashid MU, Uddin ME. 2026. A gap analysis of farmers' exposure to extension strategies for promoting climate-smart agriculture in selected areas of coastal Bangladesh. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100219. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100219. Climate change impacts are a serious problem for agricultural production and the livelihoods of coastal farmers. To deal with this problem, Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a holistic approach to enhance resilience and food security. In Bangladesh, adoption of CSA depends heavily on effective extension delivery. Hence, this study evaluated the farmers’ exposure to government extension strategies among randomly selected 388 coastal crop farmers using a structured, pre-tested schedule. Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify determinants of farmers’ exposure to extension strategies, while the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) matrix were used to assess the gap between farmer preferences and their actual exposure to those strategies. The regression model explained 59.4% (R² = 0.594) of the variance in farmers’ exposure to extension strategies. Among the explanatory variables, distance to the extension service center, contact with extension media, innovativeness, Knowledge of CSA, and use of ICTs positively associated with farmers’ exposure to extension strategies. Level of education showed a significant negative association with exposure to extension strategies, whereas extension media contact and ICT use were the most significant predictors. Farmers’ mean preference score (2.30) significantly exceeded exposure mean score (1.17), which indicates substantial gaps. This provides a policy message that improving farmer-oriented extension systems, providing ICT-based advisory services, and strengthening farmer access to information may enhance exposure to extension strategies and afterward may help in promotion of CSA in coastal Bangladesh.
Soybean adoption and cultivation intensity in Korean paddy fields using a double-hurdle model HYANG MI YI; YUN PIL JUNG; SEUNG HEON LEE; KI JUNG SUNG
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100215

Abstract

Abstract. Yi HM, Jung YP, Lee SH, Sung KJ. 2026. Soybean adoption and cultivation intensity in Korean paddy fields using a double-hurdle model. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100215. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100215. The South Korean Government (Republic of Korea) has promoted crop diversification in paddy fields in response to persistent rice overproduction, with the aim of improving land-use efficiency and strengthening food security. Soybean has received particular attention as an alternative crop because of its economic and strategic importance. However, less is known about the factors associated with farmers’ decisions to adopt soybean cultivation and the share of paddy land allocated to soybeans after adoption. This study examines these two decisions using Cragg’s double-hurdle model. The analysis uses survey data from 150 farm households in two pilot regions, Okseong (Gimje) and Sugok (Haman), where a paddy-field utilization pilot project was implemented. In the adoption stage, the Okseong District indicator has the largest coefficient (1.776, p < 0.01), indicating substantial differences between the two regions. Greater tractor use and a higher share of self-owned land are also positively associated with soybean adoption, while farming experience is negatively associated with adoption. In the second stage, soybean cultivation intensity, measured as the share of paddy land allocated to soybeans, is positively associated with age, family labor, tractor use, and perceived land suitability, and negatively associated with farming experience and self-owned land share. The unconditional marginal effects show that the Okseong indicator is associated with a 53.2 percentage-point higher soybean area share. Tractor use and perceived land suitability are associated with increases of 6.3 and 12.7 percentage points, respectively, while male farm management is associated with an 8.6 percentage-point lower soybean area share. These results indicate that the factors associated with soybean adoption are not identical to those associated with cultivation intensity after adoption. The Okseong association should be interpreted as a regional difference rather than as an isolated effect of the pilot program, because the cross-sectional data do not allow policy exposure to be separated from pre-existing differences between the two regions. The findings suggest that production conditions, mechanization, and broader regional context are associated with soybean diversification in paddy fields, although the results should be interpreted as statistical associations rather than causal effects.
Training needs and challenges of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria JOHN IWEANYA ONYEMENAM; JONES A. AKANGBE; EBENEZER A. KOLAWOLE
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100212

Abstract

Abstract. Onyemenam JI, Akangbe JA, Kolawole EA. 2026. Training needs and challenges of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100212. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100212. Livestock production remains a critical component of agricultural development and food security across sub-Saharan Africa. Within this value chain, small- and medium-scale feed processors serve a vital intermediary role, yet they frequently experience severe technical capacity constraints and harsh macroeconomic shocks. This study assessed the operational challenges and training needs of livestock feed processors in Southwest Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design and a three-stage sampling technique, data were collected from 287 registered processors across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States. Training needs were measured using a dual framework: a 3-point Likert scale for subjective Expressed Training Needs, and the Borich Needs Assessment Model to calculate objective Mean Weighed Discrepancy Score (MWDS) by weighting task importance against competence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the One-Sample t-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results indicated that processors face severe, clustered systemic challenges (Aggregate Index x̄ = 3.16 ± 0.97), led by inadequate operational information (x̄ = 3.33 ± 0.93) and a lack of structured training (x̄ = 3.32 ± 1.03). Perceived operational challenges were strongly associated with their overall training needs (rs = .857, p < 0.001), while One-Sample t-tests confirmed significant population-wide training deficits (p < 0.001) across all evaluated technical domains. The results of Borich Needs Assessment Model indicate that the highest capacity gaps occur in precision technical tasks, specifically preparing feed formula (MWDS = +3.68) and calculating proximate analysis (MWDS = +3.48). Consequently, agricultural extension services, industry associations, and value-chain frameworks should deploy targeted vocational training modules in basic feed formulation methods and proximate analysis calculations, and integrate technical programnes with clear guidance on accessing loans and credits.
Development of VP3-biofertilizer pellets from seaweed waste and its implications for bacterial-fungal viability and solanaceous seedling performance NOVI ARFARITA; ANITA QUR’ANIA; SHINGO NAKAMURA; TSUYOSHI IMAI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100222

Abstract

Abstract. Arfarita N, Qur’ania A, Nakamura S, Imai T. 2026. Development of VP3-biofertilizer pellets from seaweed waste and its implications for bacterial-fungal viability and solanaceous seedling performance. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100222. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100222. The development of stable and effective biofertilizer formulations remains a major challenge in sustainable agriculture, particularly in maintaining microbial viability during storage while ensuring agronomic benefits after application. This study developed a pelletized biofertilizer based on seaweed waste and evaluated its ability to preserve beneficial microorganisms and promote the early growth of solanaceous crops. The formulation combined the VP3 bacterial consortium, consisting of nitrogen-fixing Bacillus licheniformis, phosphate-solubilizing Pantoea ananatis, and exopolysaccharide-producing Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma viride FRP3. Different drying temperatures (40°C and 50°C) and packaging methods were investigated to determine their effects on the viability of the microbial agents contained in the pellets. Pellets dried at 40°C maintained higher bacterial viability than those dried at 50°C. After 30 days of storage, pellets dried at 40°C with non-vacuum packaging showed a bacterial viability of 3.8 × 10⁹ CFU/g (V3T1), compared with 1.8 × 10⁹ CFU/g under vacuum packaging (V4T1). After 30 days of storage, fungal viability reached 1.5 × 10⁷ CFU/g in pellets dried at 40°C with non-vacuum packaging (V3T1), compared with 1.3 × 10⁷ CFU/g under vacuum packaging (V4T1). After 30 days of storage, pellets dried at 40°C maintained the highest bacterial viability (6.9 × 10⁹ CFU/g). The packaging method did not significantly affect microbial viability, although non-vacuum packaging showed a tendency toward higher bacterial and fungal counts than vacuum packaging. In addition, the biofertilizer was applied to chili pepper, eggplant, and tomato seedlings to assess its influence on seedling performance. Application of the seaweed waste-based VP3 pellets significantly enhanced seedling height, fresh biomass, and root development in most tested crops compared with the control, although no significant effect was observed on tomato root length. These findings demonstrate the potential of seaweed waste-based biofertilizer pellets to maintain microbial viability during short-term storage and promote early seedling growth under nursery conditions.
Effects of rainy-season by-product mixture in Boer crossbred goat diets on fecal traits, growth, and feed efficiency PHAN NHAN; LE VAN PHONG
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100220

Abstract

Abstract. Nhan P, Phong LV. 2026. Effects of rainy-season by-product mixture in Boer crossbred goat diets on fecal traits, growth, and feed efficiency. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100220. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100220. Rainy-season goat production in tropical smallholder systems is challenged by fluctuating feed availability, high dietary moisture, and the cost of conventional feed resources. This study evaluated whether locally available banana stem (Musa spp.), sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas), and brewers’ grains could partially replace the basal diet while maintaining fecal stability and growth in Boer crossbred goats (Capra hircus). Thirty-two healthy goats, with an initial body weight of 19.86 ± 1.07 kg and approximately 5-6 months of age, were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight goats per treatment. The control group received the basal diet, whereas PB10, PB20, and PB30 received diets in which 10%, 20%, and 30% of basal diet dry matter were replaced by the by-product mixture, respectively. The mixture contained banana stem, sweet potato vine, and brewers’ grains at a 40:40:20 ratio on a dry matter basis. The trial lasted 70 days, including 10 days of adaptation and 60 days of data collection. Fecal traits, dry matter intake, feed refusal, body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and selected health observations were recorded. Treatment effects were significant for mean fecal score (P < 0.001), fecal moisture (P = 0.002), average daily gain (P = 0.003), feed conversion ratio (P = 0.005), and feed refusal (P = 0.012). PB20 showed the most favorable response, with better growth and feed efficiency while maintaining lower fecal score and moisture than PB30. Under single-farm rainy-season conditions, 20% replacement appeared to provide the best balance between by-product use, fecal stability, and productive performance.
Cocopeat-based substrate and fertilizer interaction for G0 potato minituber production SYARIF HUSEN; ANIEK IRIANY; MARCHEL PUTRA GARFANSA; ADELYA PUTRI ANDARISTA; WAHONO WAHONO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100216

Abstract

Abstract. Husen S, Iriany A, Garfansa MP, Andarista AP, Wahono W. 2026. Cocopeat-based substrate and fertilizer interaction for G0 potato minituber production. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100216. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100216. G0 potato minituber production from rooted cuttings requires appropriate combinations of growing substrate and fertilization regime to support vegetative performance and minituber yield. This study evaluated the interaction between four cocopeat-based substrate compositions and two fertilization regimes on vegetative performance at 49 day after transplanting (DAT), yield components, and selected minituber size-class responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Granola Kembang under screenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, resulting in 24 seedbeds as experimental units and 192 initially transplanted plants. Yield measurements were based on actual number of surviving and intact plants in each seedbed. The analyzed size classes were small tubers (<5 g) and 20-100 g tubers; therefore, the grading data represented selected size-class responses rather than a complete tuber-size distribution. The substrate-fertilizer interaction significantly affected vegetative variables at 49 DAT, minituber yield components, and selected size-class proportions. H4P2 had the highest numerical mean for plant height, although it was not significantly different from H4P1. H4P1 showed the highest numerical means for several canopy-related traits, but these values were not always significantly different from those under H4P2. H4P1 also showed the highest numerical means for individual tuber weight and tuber fresh weight plant-¹, whereas H3P2 had the highest numerical mean for tuber number plant-¹. Although H4P1 had the highest numerical proportion of 20-100 g tubers, this size class remained uncommon across all treatments. These numerical patterns suggest that treatment combinations associated with greater tuber number may differ from those associated with greater individual tuber weight and fresh yield. Under the tested conditions, substrate-fertilizer selection should therefore be aligned with the intended production target. However, the findings represent treatment-specific responses from one cultivar, season, location, and screenhouse environment and require further validation before broader recommendations are made.
Suspected virus disease prevalence in Tarakan’s horticultural crops, Indonesia with observations on incidence and potential vector insects MUH. ADIWENA; NOVI RESTI KADATUAN; NURUL CHAIRIYAH; ABDUL RAHIM; ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU PRADANA; MOHD. RASHID MOHD. RAKIB
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100223

Abstract

Abstract. Adiwena M, Kadatuan NR, Chairiyah N, Rahim A, Pradana AP, Rakib MRM. 2026. Suspected virus disease prevalence in Tarakan’s horticultural crops, Indonesia with observations on incidence and potential vector insects. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100223. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100223. This study determined the prevalence and incidence of suspected virus diseases in horticultural crops in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field surveys and sampling were conducted in each sub-district, followed by host suitability tests. In each cultivation area containing at least 500 plants, all plants were observed and the incidence of suspected virus diseases was recorded. Plants showing virus-like symptoms were tested for host suitability using mechanical sap inoculation (wounding method). Diagnosis was based on field observation of symptoms and on symptom reproduction after inoculation, without molecular or serological confirmation. Based on the symptoms observed, the suspected viruses were Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus (PepYLCIV), with up to 100% incidence in bird’s eye and large chili in North and West Tarakan; Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), with up to 100% incidence in tomato in Central Tarakan; Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), with up to 100% incidence in cucumber; Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Kanchanaburi Virus (TYLCKaV), with 100% incidence in eggplant; and Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV), with up to 5.15% incidence in watermelon. Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii, both known potential vectors of plant viruses, were recorded in the symptomatic crops. B. tabaci was associated with chili, tomato, and eggplant, whereas A. gossypii was associated with cucumber and watermelon. These findings are preliminary, and molecular detection together with transmission testing of the potential vector insects will confirm the viral etiology and the role of these insects as vectors. Regular monitoring of the vectors and infected plants, together with Integrated Pest Management (IPM), is recommended to limit the spread of these suspected virus diseases.
Integrating local wisdom and agroecological innovations into organic-oriented rice farming in Yogyakarta, Indonesia TRIYONO TRIYONO; RESTA MELANIA SANDI; ZUHUD ROZAKI; NUR RAHMAWATI; AMALIA NUR MILA; MOHD FAUZI KAMARUDIN; CAHYO WISNU RUBIYANTO; YUNANTO YUNANTO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100236

Abstract

Abstract. Triyono, Sandi RM, Rozaki Z, Rahmawati N, Mila AN, Kamarudin MF, Rubiyanto CW, Yunanto. 2026. Integrating local wisdom and agroecological innovations into organic-oriented rice farming in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100236. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100236. Organic-oriented rice farming can reduce dependence on external synthetic inputs while maintaining ecological functions and community values. However, farmers' practices are not shaped by tradition alone. They emerge through the interaction between inherited local wisdom, adopted agroecological innovations, and hybrid locally adapted practices. This study examines how these three forms of knowledge are applied in rice farming in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and develops an evidence-based model for strengthening sustainable organic transitions. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected from April to August 2024 through non-participant field observations, semi-structured interviews with nine farmers from three farmer groups in Sleman, Pakem, and Berbah, and documentation of farming practices from land preparation to post-harvest handling. The findings show that inherited local wisdom remains visible in practices such as daying (double plowing with soil resting), manual weeding using gosrok, wiwitan (pre-harvest thanksgiving ritual), ritual-based seed selection, yuyu-based pest control, and bamboo-based drying. At the same time, farmers selectively adopt modern agroecological innovations such as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), the Jajar legowo planting system, Beauveria bassiana, and Paenibacillus. Several practices become hybrid when farmers adapt introduced technologies to local resources, farmer-group norms, and organic-oriented farming goals. The synthesis identifies four value dimensions: ecological, technical, socio-cultural, and economic. The proposed model indicates that sustainable organic-oriented farming depends on knowledge transmission, farmer networks, institutional support, scientific validation, participatory certification, and localized market development. The study contributes to sustainable agriculture literature by reframing local wisdom as an adaptive knowledge system rather than a static tradition.
Enhancing pond soil pH and redox potential through catalytic treatment with CaO nanoparticles MISKA SANDA LEMBANG; MUHAMMAD AYYUB; DENA PRAMITA DEWI; RIFAL WIRANATA; RENI TRI CAHYANI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100224

Abstract

Abstract. Lembang MS, Ayyub M, Dewi DP, Wiranata R, Cahyani RT. 2026. Enhancing pond soil pH and redox potential through catalytic treatment with CaO nanoparticles. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100224. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100224. Acid sulfate pond soils in North Kalimantan, Indonesia, constrain traditional tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture through acidity and unfavorable sediment redox conditions. This laboratory study compared shell-derived calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs), produced from clam shell waste using Terminalia catappa leaf extract, with commercial dolomite and an untreated control. The amendments were applied at 100 g m-² (1,000 kg ha-¹), a conventional pond-bottom liming rate used here as an equal-mass screening load, with three replicates per treatment. PSA/DLS indicated a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 107.88 nm, D10-D90 of 71.94-163.07 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.106; however, phase identity and primary-particle morphology were not independently confirmed. After 8 h, CaO NPs increased sediment pH by approximately 1.8 units, compared with approximately 0.2 units for dolomite and the control, and increased Eh by approximately 30 mV, compared with 15 and 19 mV, respectively. The stronger response is consistent with the combined effects of CaO chemistry, high neutralizing capacity, and small particle size, but cannot be attributed to nanoscale dimensions alone. Shell-derived CaO NPs therefore show preliminary potential as a value-added pond-soil amendment, subject to dose-response testing, complete material characterization, ecological-safety assessment, and field validation.
Complete genome characterization of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus (TYLCTHV) from Lembang, Indonesia RAMADHANI SAFITRI; SONY SUHANDONO; POPI SEPTIANI; RIZKITA RACHMI ESYANTI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100226

Abstract

Abstract. Safitri R, Suhandono S, Septiani P, Esyanti RR. 2026. Complete genome characterization of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus (TYLCTHV) from Lembang, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100226. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100226. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus (TYLCTHV) is an important begomovirus that significantly affects tomato farming across many Asian countries. We are pleased to share that, for the first time, the complete bipartite genome sequence of a TYLCTHV isolate has been successfully obtained from tomato plants in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The viral infection was confirmed through sequencing of a 424 bp amplicon, and PCR with a coat protein-specific primer set showed a 99.20% nucleotide match with previously identified TYLCTHV isolates from Taiwan (MW248610.1). Using rolling circle amplification followed by whole-genome sequencing on the MGI DNBSeq-G400 platform, along with a targeted sequencing approach, we successfully reconstructed both genomic parts. DNA-A carries six typical open reading frames (AV1, AV2, AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4), while DNA-B encodes two ORFs (BV1 and BC1), which align with the characteristics of Old-World bipartite begomoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA-A sequences, using the Maximum Likelihood method with 5,000 bootstrap replicates, grouped the Indonesian isolate with the Taiwanese TYLCTHV (MW248599.1). These results offer valuable foundational genomic information that will help support future research on virus diversity, diagnostics, and the spread of the virus in the Indonesian tomato farming system.

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