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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 193 Documents
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Cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus from cattle farms in the Ecuadorian Amazon JOSÉ ZAPATA; LEONARDO CABEZAS; MARITZA VACA; JULIO LLERENA; DIEGO MASAQUIZA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100180

Abstract

Abstract. Zapata J, Cabezas L, Vaca M, Llerena J, Masaquiza D. 2026. Cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus from cattle farms in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100180. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100180. Acaricide resistance in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus represents an important sanitary challenge associated with herd management practices in tropical livestock systems. In the Ecuadorian Amazon, control of R. microplus frequently relies on the non-standardized use of chemical acaricides, with cypermethrin widely applied and often used with limited product rotation and technical guidance. The continued use of the same active ingredient contributes to the resistance of ticks to this product. In this study, the in vitro sensitivity of R. microplus to cypermethrin was evaluated using the Larval Packet Test (LPT) at four livestock farms in La Joya de los Sachas, and the relationship with management practices was determined. One hundred adult female ticks were collected and incubated under laboratory conditions to obtain larvae for the bioassays, which were exposed to different concentrations of cypermethrin; lethal concentrations were determined using Probit models. Additionally, a survey was administered to producers regarding the use of acaricides, treatment frequency, treatment rotation, herd size, and access to veterinary assistance. With regard to mortality, a dose-response pattern was observed across the different concentrations evaluated. LC50 values ranging from 0.009 to 0.037 mg/mL were found, indicating variability in susceptibility to cypermethrin across different farms. When classified based on the thresholds, one population was susceptible (RR50=1.00), and the others were classified as tolerant (RR50=3.11-4.11). Farms reporting acaricide rotation, lower treatment frequency, and technical assistance tended to exhibit lower RR50 values, while larger herd sizes and more frequent treatments were associated with higher resistance ratios. These findings suggest that integrated approaches combining resistance monitoring with improved management practices may contribute to sustaining tick control in cattle production systems of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Laboratory screening of three local entomopathogenic fungal isolates against third-instar Spodoptera frugiperda LILIAN RIZKIE; TJANDRA ANGGRAENI; I NYOMAN PUGEG ARYANTHA; AGUS SUSANTO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100181

Abstract

Abstract. Rizkie L, Anggraeni T, Aryantha INP, Susanto A. 2026. Laboratory screening of three local entomopathogenic fungal isolates against third-instar Spodoptera frugiperda. Asian J Agric 10: g100181. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100181. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is an important pest of maize in tropical production systems, including Indonesia. In the field, control of this pest still relies mainly on synthetic insecticides, making the evaluation of local biological control agents necessary. This study tested three local entomopathogenic fungal isolates, morphologically assigned to Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Lecanicillium, against third-instar S. frugiperda larvae at 10⁶-10⁹ conidia mL-¹. Day-7 mortality and sublethal responses were analyzed with generalized linear models, while LT and LC values were estimated by probit analysis. At 10⁹ conidia mL-¹, mortality reached 85.0% for the Beauveria isolate and 90.0% for the Metarhizium isolate, compared with 63.3% for the Lecanicillium isolate. LT₅₀ values at this concentration were 2.75, 2.56, and 5.08 days, respectively. LC estimates outside the tested concentration range were treated as assay-based comparative indices, not as absolute toxicity thresholds. After 48 h of sublethal exposure, relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were reduced, especially in the Beauveria and Metarhizium treatments. Overall, the Beauveria and Metarhizium isolates showed stronger laboratory performance against S. frugiperda larvae than the Lecanicillium isolate. Molecular confirmation and greenhouse or field validation are still required before practical application can be considered.
Farmer-owned enterprises (BUMP) and stakeholder salience in the urban food system of Indonesia GINANJAR DWI CAHYANTO; SAPJA ANANTANYU; MOHAMAD HARISUDIN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100182

Abstract

Abstract. Cahyanto GD, Anantanyu S, Harisudin M. 2026. Farmer-owned enterprises (BUMP) and stakeholder salience in the urban food system of Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100182. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100182. Farmer-owned enterprises (BUMP) are legally incorporated, for-profit entities that integrate community empowerment activities with business operations to promote farmer self-reliance. This study aims to examine stakeholder interests and engagement and assess the Sustainability Index and institutional status of BUMP PT. Lumpang Semar Sejahtera (BUMP PT. LSS), Central Java, Indonesia, in supporting the urban food system. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a case study as the data collection method. The analysis employs the Stakeholder Salience Model with the NVivo 15 software. Furthermore, the assessment of the institutional Sustainability Index and status utilizes the Multidimensional Scaling analysis tool, modified by Rap-Food System. The research results indicate that BUMP PT LSS has undergone a fairly complex institutional transformation, ranging from its objectives, form, activity orientation, organizational structure, product focus, technology use, funding sources, government support, and its position in the supply chain. The shift has transitioned from a group-based social institution to a BUMP that performs both economic functions and empowerment. Bank Indonesia Representative Office for Central Java possesses a high degree of authority, legitimacy, and urgency. Sustainability assessment indicated that the social (76.64%), economic (84.31%), and institutional (77.24%) dimensions were highly sustainable, whereas the technology and environmental dimensions (72.41%) were moderately sustainable. Leverage analysis identified infrastructure availability, land conservation, membership expansion, cooperative development, and bankable financing systems as the most influential sustainability attributes. The findings demonstrate that BUMP PT. LSS contributes to strengthening urban food governance through stakeholder collaboration, farmer empowerment, and supply-chain integration. Future interventions should prioritize technological innovation and environmental sustainability to enhance the long-term resilience of farmer-owned enterprises within urban food systems.
Soil fertility dynamics under varying land use systems in Jatiarjo Village, Prigen Sub-district, Pasuruan, Indonesia PURNOMO EDI SASONGKO; WANTI MINDARI; MUHAMMAD RIZKY ROMADHON; HAMMADA HIDAYATURRACHMAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100201

Abstract

Abstract. Sasongko PE, Mindari W, Romadhon MR, Hidayaturrachman H. 2026. Soil fertility dynamics under varying land use systems in Jatiarjo Village, Prigen Sub-district, Pasuruan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100201. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100201. Variations in land use, geographical conditions, and land management practices highly influence soil fertility. This study evaluated the soil fertility status of three dominant land-use systems-mixed garden, shrubland, and moorland in Jatiarjo Village, Prigen Sub-district, Pasuruan District, East Java, Indonesia. Three land use units, including mixed garden, shrubland, and moorland, were assessed using the Soil Fertility Index (SFI). Soil sampling was a random sampling method at a 0-20 cm depth, with 7 points in each land unit. Soil samples were analyzed for soil. Chemical characteristics included pH, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Base Saturation (BS), Aluminum Saturation (AS), and soil texture. Minimum Soil Fertility Indicators (MSFI) were identified using Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the Soil Fertility Index (SFI) was calculated accordingly. Soil pH ranged from 5.15-6.44, organic C from 2.20-11.60%, total N from 0.12-1.06%, available P from 0.60-18.54 ppm, and exchangeable K from 0.09-0.15 μg/100 g. CEC was 24.44-43.97 me/100 g, while BS remained very low (5.31-10.01%). SFI indicated medium fertility across all land uses, averaging 0.62 in mixed gardens, 0.61 in shrublands, and 0.58 in moorlands. Higher SFI in mixed gardens reflected greater organic matter inputs, whereas lower fertility in moorlands was linked to minimal organic inputs and more intensive cultivation. This study highlights the significance of organic matter application and land conservation practices in sustaining and enhancing soil fertility, and also provides a scientific basis for targeted land management to sustain soil productivity in upland agroecosystems.
Effect of extender storage on post-thaw quality of sexed Bali bull semen verified by duplex PCR YENDRALIZA YENDRALIZA; MUHAMAD RODIALLAH; JASWANDI JASWANDI; KHAIRUL AKMAL
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100204

Abstract

Abstract. Yendraliza, Rodiallah M, Jaswandi, Akmal K. 2026. Effect of extender storage on post-thaw quality of sexed Bali bull semen verified by duplex PCR. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100204. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100204. The application of sperm sexing technology in cattle breeding is often limited by reduced sperm quality due to processing and storage conditions. This study evaluated the effect of extender storage duration on post-thaw sperm quality and the stability of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) using the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) column method. Fresh semen with acceptable initial quality was subjected to sperm sexing. The extender was stored for 0, 1, and 2 days before use. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed based on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and abnormalities. Molecular verification was performed using duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), targeting the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and sex-determining region Y (SRY) genes. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and regression models. Extender storage duration significantly affected plasma membrane integrity, viability, and motility (p < 0.05). Both sperm fractions showed decreased membrane integrity with increasing storage duration. Viability declined more in X-bearing spermatozoa, whereas motility decreased more in Y-bearing spermatozoa. In contrast, acrosome integrity and sperm morphology remained stable (p > 0.05). Regression analysis indicated negative trends, although moderate R² values suggest that storage duration contributed partially to sperm quality variation. Duplex PCR confirmed successful sperm separation through detection of the SRY gene exclusively in the Y-bearing fraction. In conclusion, extender storage for up to two days induces moderate changes in sperm quality without critical deterioration. These findings support the practical use of short-term extender storage in sperm sexing. Further studies integrating fertility trials and quantitative assessment of sexing accuracy are required to validate the reproductive performance of the processed semen under field conditions.
Factors associated with artificial insemination success and perceived economic sustainability among AI-participating smallholder beef cattle farmers in two sub-districts of Sinjai District, Indonesia MUH HAWIS HAKIM; AHMAD RAMADHAN SIREGAR; SYAHDAR BABA; DARMAWAN RISAL; MUH HAIDIR HAKIM; AHMAD SYAKUR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100203

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim MH, Siregar AR, Baba S, Risal D, Hakim MH, Syakur A. 2026. Factors associated with artificial insemination success and perceived economic sustainability among AI-participating smallholder beef cattle farmers in two sub-districts of Sinjai District, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100203. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100203. Artificial Insemination (AI) is an important reproductive technology for improving genetic quality and production efficiency in beef cattle (Bos spp.), but its success among smallholder farmers remains variable. This study aimed to examine farmer-, farm-management-, and service-level factors associated with AI success and its relationship with perceived economic sustainability among AI-participating smallholder beef cattle farmers in Sinjai Tengah and Tellulimpoe Sub-districts, Sinjai District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2025 involving 94 beef cattle farmers who had used AI services in Sinjai Tengah and Tellulimpoe Sub-districts. Data were collected through interviewer-administered, structured face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. AI success was operationalized as a standardized farm-level reproductive-performance construct based on services per conception, conception rate, and calving rate. Services per conception was reverse-coded so that higher standardized indicator values consistently represented more favorable reproductive performance. The results showed that inseminator performance had the strongest association with AI success (β = 0.487; p < 0.001), followed by farmer knowledge (β = 0.337; p = 0.002), facilities and infrastructure (β = 0.167; p < 0.001), financial capability (β = 0.134; p = 0.033), and husbandry system (β = 0.073; p = 0.030). Institutional support and access to AI services showed positive but non-significant associations. AI success was positively associated with perceived economic sustainability (β = 0.779; p < 0.001). The model explained 92.8% of the variance in AI success (R² = 0.928) and 60.7% of the variance in perceived economic sustainability (R² = 0.607). These findings indicate that AI success was associated with several farmer-, farm-management-, and service-level factors within the sampled population. Because the study was cross-sectional and limited to AI-participating farmers in two purposively selected sub-districts, the findings should not be interpreted as causal or generalized to all beef cattle farmers in Sinjai District.
Healthy Farm Index and biodiversity state in the moderate altitude region of Tabanan District, Indonesia DWI PUTRA DARMAWAN; GEDE MEKSE KORRI ARISENA; NI WAYAN FEBRIANA UTAMI; NI LUH MADE INDAH MURDYANI DEWI; DESAK ASTHRI CAHYANI; NI MADE AYU VIONITA DEWI; NI KADEK PINGKAN WULANDARI; ARY BAKHTIAR; WEN WEN; ANIMESH K. GAIN; AYI PRIANA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100210

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawan DP, Arisena GMK, Utami NWF, Dewi NLMIM, Cahyani DA, Dewi NMAV, Wulandari NKP, Bakhtiar A, Wen W, Gain AK, Priana A. 2026. Healthy Farm Index and biodiversity state in the moderate altitude region of Tabanan District, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100210. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100210. Sustaining agricultural systems in tropical regions with complex topography is essential for enhancing productivity, resilience, and biodiversity conservation. This study applies the Healthy Farm Index (HFI) to evaluate farm-level sustainability across four dimensions production, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and quality of life in moderate-altitude agricultural landscapes of Penebel Sub-district, Tabanan District, Bali, Indonesia. Two villages with contrasting topographic conditions, Babahan and Senganan, were selected for comparative analysis. A total of 60 farming households and their associated farmlands were purposively sampled. Data collection included soil properties (pH and moisture), hardscape conditions, crop and livestock diversity, and farmer socio-economic characteristics. Biodiversity was assessed using the Shannon-Wiener Index, while relationships between HFI and other key indicators were analysed using linear regression and Pearson correlations in R. The results reveal that Babahan Village exhibited a higher median HFI (0.63) compared to Senganan Village (0.39), indicating more favorable agro-ecosystem conditions in relatively flatter terrain. A strong negative correlation was observed between soil pH and soil moisture (r = -0.98, p <0.001). Furthermore, species diversity (H′) showed a significant inverse relationship with HFI (R² = 0.76, p<0.001), suggesting a tradeoff whereby higher agricultural health scores are associated with the dominance of specific functional species rather than greater overall species richness. These findings highlight the influence of topography on farm-scale sustainability and underscore the critical role of land management practices. The study emphasises the need for site-specific strategies, including agroforestry and integrated water management, to optimise agricultural health in heterogeneous tropical landscapes.
Seedling-stage salinity screening of Indonesian local rice varieties from Kalimantan and Lombok-Sumbawa SITI ZAHARA; ETTY WAHYUNI; EKO HARY PUDJIWATI; NURHASANAH NURHASANAH; WIDI SUNARYO; RUSDIANSYAH RUSDIANSYAH; I GUSTI PUTU MULIARTA ARYANA; WAYAN WANGIYANA; SUKARTONO SUKARTONO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100202

Abstract

Abstract. Zahara S, Wahyuni E, Pudjiwati EH, Nurhasanah, Sunaryo W, Rusdiansyah, Aryana IGPM, Wangiana W, Sukartono. 2026. Seedling-stage salinity screening of Indonesian local rice varieties from Kalimantan and Lombok-Sumbawa. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100202. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100202. Salinity stress constrains rice growth, and local germplasm may provide useful sources of tolerance. This study evaluated seedling-stage responses of 14 Indonesian local rice varieties from Kalimantan and Lombok-Sumbawa under hydroponic conditions and screened for the presence of two candidate salt-stress-related genes, OsAPX1 and DST. Pokkali (tolerant) and IR 29 (sensitive) were used as check varieties. Seedlings were exposed for seven days to Yoshida nutrient solution containing 0, 5000, or 10,000 ppm NaCl (0, 7.8, and 15.62 dS m-1). Shoot and root elongation, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot and root dry weight, and shoot and root tolerance indices were measured. Salinity significantly inhibited seedling growth and reduced chlorophyll content, with responses differing among varieties. Based mainly on root and shoot tolerance indices and comparison with check varieties, Adan Hitam (Nunukan), Padi Ikan (Bulungan), and Padi Alas Barat (Sumbawa) showed relatively higher tolerance under the screening conditions. The DST gene was detected in all local and check varieties, whereas OsAPX1 gene was detected in 13 local varieties and both checks but not in Mayas Pendek. These PCR results indicate only the presence or absence of expected amplicons and require expression or functional validation. The identified tolerant candidates may be useful preliminary materials for rice salinity-tolerance breeding.
Effect of canopy cover on growth of Erythrophleum fordii in enrichment planting for forest restoration in Northeast Vietnam NGUYEN TRONG MINH; NGUYEN TOAN THANG; DAO TRUNG DUC; TRAN HOANG QUY; HOANG VAN THANH; TRINH NGOC BON; DANG VAN THUYET; LE SY DOANH; TRAN VAN DO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100207

Abstract

Abstract. Minh NT, Thang NT, Duc DT, Quy TH, Thanh HV, Bon TN, Thuyet DV, Doanh LS, Do TV. 2026. Effect of canopy cover on growth of Erythrophleum fordii in enrichment planting for forest restoration in Northeast Vietnam. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100207. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100207. Erythrophleum fordii is a valuable native species for restoring degraded tropical forests in Vietnam, yet suitable light conditions for enrichment planting remain poorly understood. This study evaluated whether the growth and stem quality differed among observed canopy environments on the growth performance and stem quality of E. fordii 4.5 years after planting in Northeast Vietnam. Three growing conditions were compared: moderate canopy cover (0.3-0.4), dense canopy cover (0.6-0.7), and bare land. Results showed that bare land conditions produced the highest diameter growth (D₁.₃ = 3.40 ± 0.21 cm) and height (H = 3.3 ± 0.12 m), while moderate canopy cover yielded intermediate growth (D₁.₃ = 1.44 ± 0.12 cm, H = 2.2 ± 0.13 m) with the highest proportion of good-quality stems (47.4%). Dense canopy cover resulted in significantly reduced growth (D₁.₃ = 0.86 ± 0.08 cm, H = 1.3 ± 0.08 m) and stem quality (6.2% good stems). Strong positive correlations between diameter and height (R² = 0.77-0.82) under forest canopy indicated consistent allometric relationships, while bare land conditions showed weaker correlations (R² = 0.53). These findings suggest that E. fordii exhibits shade tolerance suitable for enrichment planting under moderate canopy openness (0.3-0.4), balancing growth rate with stem quality for sustainable forest restoration in degraded evergreen broadleaf forests of Northeast Vietnam. It should be noted, however, that treatments in this study represent single contiguous planting areas rather than replicated experimental plots; results should therefore be interpreted as observed associations among canopy environments rather than fully replicated experimental outcomes.
Productivity and constraints in smallholder beef cow-calf farms in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia KHARISMA IMAM ADINATA; MUKH ARIFIN; LIMBANG KUSTIAWAN NUSWANTARA; ENDANG PURBOWATI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100208

Abstract

Abstract. Adinata KI, Arifin M, Nuswantara LK, Purbowati E. 2026. Productivity and constraints in smallholder beef cow-calf farms in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100208. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100208. Smallholder beef cow-calf systems on Java, Indonesia, usually have very small breeding herds, making farm productivity highly vulnerable to reproductive inefficiencies and calf losses before weaning. This survey provided a snapshot of the output of weaned calves and the main challenges faced by 92 farms with 126 productive breeding cows in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from July to November 2025. Productivity was calculated as the number of weaned calves per 100 breeding cows, based on a 12-month calf-flow accounting system. The average weaned-calf productivity was 73.46 ± 69.75 calves per 100 cows per year, with a median of 50, an interquartile range of 0-100, and a range of 0-200. Among farms with at least one calf event, mean calf mortality was 9.07 ± 24.34% (median 0; range 0-100%), with more than 85% recorded no calf losses. Mean calving interval was 15.85 ± 5.80 months (range: 10-36 months), but this estimate was based on only 27 farms (28%) that were able to recall paired consecutive birth dates. None of these indicators differed significantly across breeding-cow ownership categories (P > 0.05). The main productivity constraints identified were prolonged calving interval and concentrated preweaning calf loss. These findings indicate that improving postpartum nutritional management, colostrum provision, calving supervision, and routine reproductive recording may substantially improve productivity and calf survival in smallholder beef cattle production systems in Klaten District.

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