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Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Published by Universitas Mahasaraswati
ISSN : 19799144     EISSN : 26855208     DOI : 10.46862
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Interdental Journal is a scientific published and supported by Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar and published Three Times a year. The submission process opens throughout the year. All submitted manuscript will be screened with double-blind peer review and editorial decision before the manuscript was accepted to be published. Interdental Journal present original research articles, review articles, and case report that sounding the innovation and recent development in dentistry including oral biology; dental material science and technology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pedodontics; dental public health, epidemiology, preventive and community dentistry; conservative dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral medicine; dentomaxillofacial radiology; forensic dentistry as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. We accept publication in Indonesian or English.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran Gigi - Kedokteran Gigi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 429 Documents
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Content of Volume 22 Issue 1 April 2026
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

The Influence of Biologic Width on Altered Passive Eruption Treatment Vidya Nursolihati; Marie Louisa
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.11668

Abstract

Introduction: Altered passive eruption (APE) is a condition in which the relationship between teeth, alveolar bone, and soft tissues creates an excessive display of gingiva, generally known as a gummy smile. Coslet classified APE into four case types, based on the gingival and osseous relationships. The treatment options can be determined based on its classification and considering the concept of biologic width. Case: This case report presents two cases of APE type 1A. The first case is a 36‑year‑old, systemically healthy, non‑smoking female with a complaint of gummy smile after orthodontic treatment five years ago. The second case is a 19‑year‑old, systemically healthy, non‑smoking female with a complaint of short teeth and uneven gingival margins. Case Treatment: The first case was treated with a combination of soft and hard tissue crown lengthening, while the second case was treated with only soft tissue crown lengthening. Discussion: Various crown lengthening techniques must be carried out without disturbing the biologic width.  In the first case, although based on the examination it was classified as APE type 1A with gingivectomy treatment, there was a change in the gingival margin position so the distance to the crest of the alveolar bone was < 3 mm. Therefore, flap elevation and ostectomy were performed. Conclusion: In treating APE, biologic width is one of the most important factors to be considered, along with the amount of attached gingiva and the distance of the alveolar crest to the CEJ. Maintaining biologic width is crucial for gingival health and stable treatment outcomes.
Chitosan Gingival Mask Based on Guava Leaf Extract To Prevent Smoker’s Melanosis Rezmelia Sari; Lutfia Nur Sabrina; Efrin Qorina; Aulia Nathaniela Farin
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.12411

Abstract

Introduction: Smoker’s melanosis is a common periodontal condition characterized by gingival hyperpigmentation due to excessive tyrosinase activity, which affects aesthetics. Guava leaves contain flavonoids, vitamin C, and coumarin, which have been shown to inhibit pigmentation in the skin and hair. Mucoadhesive films made from chitosan shrimp shell waste are biodegradable and have been proven to be effective as drug delivery systems. This literature review aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the potential combination of guava leaf extract and shrimp waste chitosan as a gingival mask for preventing smoker's melanosis. Literature was systematically compiled from Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SAGE, from 2014 to 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to formulate a theoretical foundation. Review: The literature shows that flavonoids in guava leaves inhibit ORAI1 calcium channels, vitamin C blocks copper ion bonds, and coumarin prevents the formation of ROS. These mechanisms play crucial roles in inhibiting tyrosinase. Chitosan Mucoadhesive patches with vitamin C solvent enhance the biocompatibility and effectiveness of active substance delivery. Conclusion: The chitosan–guava leaf gingival mask holds potential for preventing smoker’s melanosis through targeted tyrosinase inhibition. Further research is required to optimize the potential of combining guava leaf extract and shrimp waste chitosan for use as a gingival mask.
The Relationship Between Parental Concern Level and Oral Hygiene Status Among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children Miftahul Khoiro Afifah; Isnanto; I Gusti Ayu Kusuma Astuti Ngurah Putri
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.12423

Abstract

Background: Children with special needs, including deaf and hard-of-hearing children, are at a higher risk of developing oral health problems than typically developing children. Hearing and communication limitations may restrict their oral health knowledge, affecting their attitudes and behaviors toward maintaining oral hygiene. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy oral hygiene habits. This study aimed to determine and analyze the relationship between parental concern level and the oral hygiene status of deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Materials and Methods: This quantitative study employed an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design involving 34 parents and 34 deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Total sampling was used to include the entire population. The independent variable was parental concern level, while the dependent variable was the oral hygiene status of the deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Parental concern level was assessed using a Likert-scale questionnaire. Oral hygiene status was evaluated through direct clinical examination by applying food coloring to the index teeth (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46) and assessing the debris index and calculus index. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The mean OHI-S score was 2.64, indicating a moderate level of oral hygiene. A significant and strong correlation was found between parental concern level and the oral hygiene status of deaf and hard-of-hearing children (p < 0.001; r = 0.591). Conclusion: A higher parental concern level was associated with better oral hygiene status among deaf and hard-of-hearing children.
Effectiveness of Denture Cleansers for Removable Dentures: A Literature Review Maqhfirah Amiruddin; Mohammad Dharma Utama; Chusnul Chotimah; Aditya Hari Asmara; Muh. Iqbal Shoaleh
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.12536

Abstract

Introduction: The latest Indonesian Health Survey data indicate that 56.9% of the Indonesian population experiences dental and oral health issues, with 13.9% of individuals aged 15 years using complete dentures and 34.5% using partial dentures. An increased incidence of infection is associated with various predisposing factors, including denture use. Candida albicans is the primary etiological factor in denture stomatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of denture cleansers. Review: This study employed a literature review approach by collecting and synthesizing relevant scientific research articles. A synthesis of 19 scientific research articles indicates that effervescent tablets are more effective for denture cleaning than cleansing pastes and herbal solutions, because of their practicality and high effectiveness in reducing biofilms, microorganisms, and fungi. Effervescent granules are effective against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, although their efficacy depends on the concentration of the active ingredients and the temperature of the dissolving solution. The use of denture cleansing paste may increase the surface roughness of acrylic plates beyond the standard threshold of 0.2 µm. Herbal solutions are effective for cleaning dentures and inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth. Conclusion: Effervescent tablets are the preferred choice because of their high effectiveness in reducing biofilms, bacteria, and Candida albicans.
Psychosocial Aspects of Orthodontic Treatment Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review Widya Kusumadewy; Miesje Karmiati Purwanegara
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.12753

Abstract

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment aims not only to improve the patient's occlusion but also to provide an attractive physical appearance. Orthodontic treatment can be started in adolescence in certain cases. Adolescence is a phase of self-identity development where physical appearance plays an important role. Therefore, the patient's age must be considered because it is related to psychosocial factors that will determine the success of orthodontic treatment. This paper aims to provide an overview of the psychosocial factors influencing orthodontic treatment in adolescents, particularly regarding their desire to undergo orthodontic treatment. Review: This review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. The included studies focused on psychosocial factors considered in orthodontic treatment among adolescents. Relevant articles were selected and analyzed to identify psychosocial factors influencing orthodontic treatment in adolescents. Articles that meet the inclusion criteria are 7 articles on psychosocial impact, emotional well-being, self-esteem, motivation, and the patient's desire to undergo orthodontic treatment Conclusion: Psychosocial aspects such as self-esteem and social influence, including social media, have an important role in motivating adolescents to undergo orthodontic treatment. Orthodontists need to understand a person's emotional and cognitive development because it affects how a person receives orthodontic treatment. Communication and using appropriate approaches by considering psychosocial factors will improve the success of orthodontic treatment.
The Effect of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Extract on the Number of Inflammatory Cells (Neutrophils and Macrophages) in the Gingivitis Model (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Rat Model Netta Anggraini; Refika Ananta; Fauzia Nilam Orienty
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.13384

Abstract

Introduction: Gingivitis is an inflammatory gingival disease associated with local factors, medication use, and malnutrition. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, and steroids with potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of aloe vera extract at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% on neutrophil and macrophage counts in a gingivitis model of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This laboratory experimental study used a posttest randomized controlled group design involving 48 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: negative control and gingivitis groups treated with 50%, 75%, or 100% aloe vera extract. The extract was applied topically to the mandibular anterior gingiva twice daily for five days. Tissue samples were collected on days 3 and 5 and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Results and Discussion: Topical aloe vera extract significantly reduced inflammatory neutrophil and macrophage counts (p<0.001). On day 5, mean neutrophil counts were 0.67, 0.17, and 0 cells/mm³ in the 50%, 75%, and 100% groups, respectively. Mean macrophage counts were 1, 0.3, and 0 cells/mm³, respectively. Conclusion: Topical aloe vera extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, with 75% and 100% concentrations being the most effective in reducing inflammatory cell counts in gingivitis.
Physical Properties of Toothpaste Base Formulations Karen Sofiana; Octarina; Florencia Livia Kurniawan; Gladys Mawarni Siregar; Fathilah Abdul Rajak
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.13551

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease resulting from enamel demineralization caused by acidogenic bacterial activity. Toothpaste plays an important role in caries prevention through a combination of ingredients such as calcium carbonate, sorbitol, glycerin, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium fluoride, citric acid, and peppermint oil. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of an experimental toothpaste base formulation. Material and Methods: This study employed a laboratory-based experimental design with a descriptive observational approach. The physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, and homogeneity, were evaluated on a toothpaste base formulation and compared with a commercially available toothpaste. Results and Discussion: Both the toothpaste base formulation and the commercial toothpaste exhibited pH values within the range of 7.80–7.85, meeting the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The toothpaste base formulation demonstrated a substantially lower viscosity (56.232 cP)  compared to the commercial toothpaste (182.872 cP). Differences in viscosity may be attributed to variations in formulation composition and thickening agents. Homogeneity testing confirmed that both formulations were physically homogeneous, indicating uniform distribution of ingredients and acceptable physical stability. Conclusion: The toothpaste base formulation met the evaluated physical parameters and exhibited characteristics comparable to those of a commercial toothpaste. Although its viscosity was lower than that of the commercial product, it remained within the range commonly reported for toothpaste formulations. Further optimization of the formulation, particularly its rheological properties, is warranted to improve product performance and consumer acceptability.
Changes in Oral Health Knowledge Baseline DMFT Status Among Pregnant Women at a Primary Healthcare Center I Gusti Agung Ayu Chandra Iswari Dewi; Gusti Ayu Yohanna Lily; I Gusti Ayu Ratih Pramesti; I Wayan Agus Wirya Pratama; I Gede Irvan Pratama
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.13725

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health education may improve maternal knowledge, while baseline oral health status reflects existing treatment needs. This study evaluated changes in oral health knowledge following oral health education according to educational level and described baseline Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) status among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study was conducted among 15 pregnant women attending Puskesmas IV South Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, in November 2025. Oral health knowledge was assessed using a researcher-developed 15-item multiple-choice questionnaire administered before and immediately after the intervention. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess normality, and differences between pretest and posttest knowledge scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Effect size was calculated using r = Z/√N. Results and Discussion: The median knowledge score increased from 73.3 before the intervention to 80.0 after oral health education. The improvement was statistically significant (Z = −2.81; p = 0.005) with a large effect size (r = 0.73). Participants with higher educational attainment achieved higher posttest knowledge scores. The mean DMFT score was 4.4 ± 1.7, with untreated decayed teeth representing the predominant component. Conclusion: Oral health education significantly improved pregnant women's oral health knowledge. However, untreated dental caries remained prevalent, highlighting the importance of integrating oral health education with routine oral screening and preventive dental care within antenatal healthcare services. Results: The median knowledge score increased from 73.3 before the intervention to 80.0 after oral health education. The improvement was statistically significant (Z = −2.81; p = 0.005) with a large effect size (r = 0.73). Participants with higher educational attainment achieved higher posttest knowledge scores. The mean DMFT score was 4.4 ± 1.7, with untreated decayed teeth representing the predominant component. Conclusion: Oral health education significantly improved pregnant women's oral health knowledge. However, untreated dental caries remained prevalent, highlighting the importance of integrating oral health education with routine oral screening and preventive dental care within antenatal healthcare services
Aesthetic Periodontal Enhancement Through Parallel Technique Frenectomy in Orthodontic Patient: A Clinical Case Report Marapandi Cakra; Kwartarini Murdiastuti; Dharmmesti Anindita Wijayanti; Dayanara Amarita Merukh; Septi Handayani
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i2.13766

Abstract

Introduction: A high maxillary labial frenum with midline diastema can compromise both dental aesthetics and periodontal health. Frenectomy using a parallel incision technique has been proposed as a minimally invasive approach to promote optimal soft tissue architecture while supporting orthodontic stability. Case: A 22-year-old female patient presented with a high-attached maxillary labial frenum resulting in midline diastema during ongoing orthodontic treatment. Case Management: A parallel technique frenectomy was performed before diastema closure to improve the width of attached gingiva and enhance soft tissue aesthetics. Clinical follow-up was carried out at 8, 13, and 46 days post-surgery, assessing attached gingiva width, gingival margin level, and papilla fill. Discussions: Progressive healing demonstrated increased attached gingiva width, improved gingival margin level, and enhanced interdental papilla fill. Soft tissue contour appeared more harmonious with midline alignment, contributing to improved aesthetic outcomes and periodontal stability before diastema closure. Conclusion: Parallel technique frenectomy can effectively enhance the aesthetic and periodontal condition in orthodontic patients with aberrant labial frenum attachment. Early surgical intervention before diastema closure may aid in achieving stable soft tissue architecture and optimizing future orthodontic outcomes.

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