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Andi Faisal Anwar
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Economics Department, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Jl. H.M. Yasin Limpo No. 36 Samata, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. 92113
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Ecces: Economics, Social, and Development Studies
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
ISSN : 24076635     EISSN : 25805770     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Ecces specializes in Economics and is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Specifically, the journal will deal with topics, including but not limited to: economic development, macroeconomics, microeconomics, monetary economics, public economics, political economics, and digital economics, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Ekomomi dan Ekonometrika
Articles 123 Documents
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The Two-Legged Strategy; How Batu City Farmers Rationally Navigate the Tourism Industry Sofiurrohman; Chawa, Anif Fatma; Nurhadi, Iwan; Putra, Moch Hisyam
EcceS: Economics, Social, and Development Studies Vol 12 No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Economics Department, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

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Abstract

This study explores how farmers in Bulukerto Village, Batu City, rationally diversify their livelihoods amid an agricultural crisis and expanding tourism. It addresses three core questions; (1) how farmers respond to agrarian decline through diversification, (2) how unequal access, social capital, and agrarian identity influence their decisions, and (3) how theoretical synthesis explains this dynamic within structural constraints. The research combines James S. Coleman’s Rational Choice Theory, which highlights decisions based on material and non-material resources, cost-benefit logic, values, and social norms, with Henry Bernstein’s political economy approach, which emphasizes power structures, asset control, and class relations. To bridge these perspectives, the study also draws on the concepts of bounded rationality and embedded agency. A qualitative case study approach was used, focusing on farmers in Bulukerto Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu City. Data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document review. Thematic analysis identifies three diversification types: (1) capital-based, involving formal tourism ventures by farmers with financial or institutional access; (2) labor-based, such as driving or guiding, pursued by low-capital farmers through informal networks; and (3) informal household-scale strategies led by women or youth, often using digital platforms. This study concludes that sustainable rural diversification requires equitable access to productive resources, digital upskilling, and inclusive tourism programs that preserve agrarian identity. It offers a multi-level analytical lens that integrates agency, social structure, and local context in understanding livelihood transitions in post-agrarian rural areas. Policy recommendations call for transparent resource allocation in tourism, empowering farmer cooperatives for fair benefit-sharing, and promoting agritourism that balances traditional land use with new income streams.
Fiscal Decentralization and Inequality in Western and Eastern Indonesia Kartika, Metasari; Hendarmin; Mahendra, Fiqih Yusril; Mailyn, Frisilia Dameria; Mateen , Abdul
EcceS: Economics, Social, and Development Studies Vol 12 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Economics Department, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

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Abstract

Income inequality across regions in Indonesia remains persistently high despite a stable national economy and ongoing fiscal reforms. This study examines disparities between Western and Eastern Indonesia by analyzing the roles of fiscal decentralization, economic growth, and unemployment from 2010 to 2022. Using a fixed effects model on 34 provinces, the analysis captures regional and temporal variations that shape inequality dynamics. The findings show that fiscal decentralization reduced inequality in Eastern Indonesia during 2010–2016 and in Western Indonesia during 2017–2022. Economic growth significantly increased inequality in Western Indonesia during 2010–2016, while unemployment reduced inequality in the same region and period. However, these effects weaken when control variables and time segmentation are introduced, indicating sensitivity to institutional and structural contexts. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of formulating fiscal policies tailored to regional characteristics, thereby strengthening the relevance of the theory of fiscal federalism and the kuznets hypothesis for future research aimed at addressing inequality in other developing countries. Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization; Economic Growth; Unemployment; Income Inequality.  
The Effect of Democracy and Government Quality on the Level of Income Inequality In BRICS+ Members Athira Rasyadah Ningtias; Adhi Cahya Fahadayna; Muhammad Abdul Azis
EcceS: Economics, Social, and Development Studies Vol 12 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Economics Department, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

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Abstract

Income inequality remains a critical challenge in emerging economies, yet the mechanisms linking democracy and inequality in the BRICS+ bloc remain underexplored. This study investigates how democracy affects income inequality, with a specific focus on governance quality as a mediating factor, in ten BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, and Ethiopia) from 2013 to 2023. Its main contribution is introducing and empirically testing a mediation framework that positions governance as the critical intervening variable in this relationship, a novel approach in the context of this new economic bloc. Using robust panel estimation methods (FGLS, PCSE, and Driscoll-Kraay) to address cross-sectional dependence and heteroskedasticity, the findings reveal a nuanced relationship. While democracy significantly improves governance quality, its effect on inequality is critically mediated by the type of governance dimension strengthened. Crucially, the study provides new empirical evidence that governance quality is a more decisive factor than democracy itself in shaping inequality outcomes within BRICS+. Key policy recommendations include prioritizing investments in primary education, ensuring political stability, and fostering transparent governance to effectively reduce economic disparities in the bloc.    

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