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Andalas obstetrics and gynecology journal
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 25798324     EISSN : 25798413     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/aogj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal (AOJ) (e-ISSN: 2579-8324) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of obstetrics, gynecology, and other related disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 10 no. 2 (2026)" : 16 Documents clear
Relationship Between Perineal Wound Pain Degree and PRP Healing in Vaginal Birth Fatima Diyas Zahra; Bobby Indra Utama; Almurdi Almurdi; Roza Sri Yanti; Deddy Saputra; Nelmi Silvia
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.312-321.2026

Abstract

Introduction : This study aims to see the relationship between the level of perineal wound pain and healing using PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) in Vaginal birth. Perineal wound pain causes fear of movement resulting in subinvolution, unsmooth release of the locea, bleeding, or infection. Method : This type of research is Experimental with chi-quadrath design . The intervention group received PRP injections on perineal wounds on day 1 after delivery, while the control group was the group that was not given PRP. On the 7th day, observation of the degree of pain of perineal wounds was carried out using the VAS scale (Visual Analog Scale) in both groups. Result : The results of the study obtained a value of p=0.016. Then the value of OR = 6.250 was also obtained. Conclusion : there is a significant relationship between the level of perineal wound pain and healing using PRP in Vaginal birth. From the OR score, it is known that patients who receive PRP have a 6.25 times chance of experiencing mild pain compared to patients who are not given PRP. Keywords : pain; perineal wound; PRP; Vaginal birth.
Meta-analisis: letrozole vs clomiphene citrate sebagai induksi ovulasi pada PCOS Jesica Putri Salim; Raissa Nurwany; Iche Andriyani Liberty; Hanif Gusneri Syahbiran
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.218-233.2026

Abstract

Objective: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by symptoms such as hyperandrogenism, irregular menstrual cycles, and polycystic ovaries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, inducing ovulation compared to Clomiphene Citrate (CC) in women with PCOS Method: Studies published between 2020 and 2024 were included, following PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the PICOS framework. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,037 women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria met the inclusion criteria Result: The meta-analysis showed Letrozole had a slightly higher ovulation rate (68.5% vs. 60.5% for CC), though the difference was not significant (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.28, P = 0.06, I² = 10%). However, Letrozole significantly improved pregnancy rates (26.4% vs. 18.4% for CC; RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99, P = 0.04, I² = 0%) Conclusion: The findings support Letrozole as a viable and potentially more practical option than Clomiphene Citrate for ovulation induction in women with PCOS, particularly in improving pregnancy rates. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment regimens and exploring long-term effects to further enhance fertility outcomes for this population. Keywords: letrozole; aromatase inhibitor; clomiphene citrate; polycystic ovarian syndrome; ovulation induction.
Abortus Inkompletus yang Tidak Disadari pada Akseptor KB Suntik Rutin: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Fenny Dwiyatnaningrum; Sella Zenitasari; Euis Heryati; Riksma Nurahmi Rinalti Akhlan; Pipit Pitriani
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.354-364.2026

Abstract

Background: Injectable hormonal contraception demonstrates high efficacy in pregnancy prevention with minimal adverse effects. Nevertheless, undetected pregnancy resulting from contraceptive failure may lead to spontaneous abortion and unplanned pregnancies. Such contraceptive failures present significant clinical challenges, particularly when resulting in unrecognized pregnancies that terminate in miscarriage. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old multiparous woman (G3P2A0) who had consistently used monthly injectable contraception (Cyclofem) for twelve months presented with acute onset heavy vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal cramping. The patient remained unaware of her pregnancy status. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed no visible fetal structures on examination. During clinical observation, she spontaneously expelled fetal tissue consistent with 14-week gestation. Following expulsion, bleeding continued. Subsequent ultrasonography confirmed presence of retained products of conception. Surgical curettage was undertaken after cervical preparation using misoprostol (PGE-1). Discussion : This case demonstrates the necessity for healthcare providers to maintain elevated clinical suspicion for pregnancy in contraceptive users presenting with abnormal bleeding patterns. Essential preventive measures include regular monitoring, comprehensive patient education regarding contraceptive failure risks, and prompt assessment of menstrual irregularities. Even highly effective contraceptive methods may fail, with injectable methods showing 0.2-1% failure rates despite perfect compliance. Hormonal contraceptives can induce withdrawal bleeding that obscures pregnancy symptoms, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Local institutional research reveals significant biomarker variations during pregnancy complications, emphasizing the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches when clinical presentations are atypical. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical importance of clinical vigilance, comprehensive reproductive health education, and ensuring access to quality contraceptive services. Healthcare providers must remain alert when evaluating abnormal bleeding in contraceptive users, as pregnancies may remain unrecognized despite compliance, highlighting the vital role of education and monitoring in preventing contraceptive failure.
Heterotopic Abdominal Pregnancy With Successful Healthy Live Birth: Case Report Ineke Septya Putri; Afika Danedea Pramitha; Niken Wening Surjnti; Imelda Monicha
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.343-353.2026

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) including ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) lead to rise in both ectopic pregnancy as well as heterotopic pregnancy up to 1,5% in pregnancies after ART. Case presentation: A 27-year-old primigravida woman at her seventh week of gestation came to the emergency room with complaints of weakness and vomiting every taking meal for 2 days. There was no fever and no abdominal pain. History of ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate therapy was carried out 10 weeks previously. On physical examination, we found her blood pressure was drop until 80/60 mmHg with heart rate of 114 bpm. Also we found anemic eyes and pale acral. We suspected it was an ectopic pregnancy. After one day of treatment in the ward, the patient was increasingly weak, pale, with worsened abdominal pain. The laboratory test showed the haemoglobin drop until 2,9 g/dL and sonography finding was excessive hemoperitoneal bleeding. The patient underwent emergency laparatomy and found the uterus was normal according to 8-9th weeks of pregnancy but an irregular tumor attached to the splenic flexure of the colon. The pathology anatomy showed it was vili chorealis. Conclusion: It is very important to give more attention to the main complaints after doing ART and also we need to consider the possibilities of heterotopic pregnancy due to misdiagnosed oftenly. Therefore, appropriate and effective treatment should be implemented for positive outcome.
Correlation Between BRCA Mutation And Lymphatic Node Involvement In Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer Ade Putra; Syamel Muhammad; Puja Agung Antonius
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.365-374.2026

Abstract

Background Gene mutations affecting the Breast Cancer-1 (BRCA1) and Breast Cancer-2 (BRCA2) genes are linked to ovarian and breast cancer which connected with a risk of ovarian cancer of 50% and 20%, respectively. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) frequently has lymph node involvement. According to lymphatic drainage routes, the most prevalent site of nodal metastases is in the aortic area. A case of Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) with abdominal lymph node enlargement and high carbohydrate antigen 125 levels discovered a germline Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) p.L63* variant by a family history inquiry and BRCA analysis, indicating hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Therefore we wanted to assess whether BRCA gene status correlates with lymph node involvement in advanced stage ovarian cancer. Methods This was an analytic-observational study with cross sectional study design. The samples in this study were patients diagnosed with advanced stage ovarian cancer who were treated at M Djamil Padang General Hospital, Ibnu Sina Hospital Padang, and Ahmad Mochtar Hospital Bukittinggi by using data from BRCA somatic test results and anatomical pathology examination results. Data were being tested statistically with Chi-square/ Fischer test. Result this study showed 1 patient (3,1%) with positive pathogenic mutation detected in BRCA1 gen with lymphatic node involvement, and 8 (25%) patients without lymphatic node involvement. This study also showed 3 patients (9,4%) with negative pathogenic mutation detected in BRCA1 gen with lymphatic node involvement, and 20 (62,5%) patients without lymphatic node involvement. There is no significant correlation between BRCA mutation and lymphatic node involvement in advanced stage ovarian cancer (p=1,0). Conclusion BRCA mutation has no significant correlation with lymphatic node involvement in advanced stage ovarian cancer.
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin Levels in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia Subtypes Ridho Berkah Pramuditha; Vaulinne Basyir; Firdawati Firdawati; Mondale Saputra; Roza Sri Yanti; Hudila Rifa Karmia
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.262-270.2026

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a better biomarker than creatinine as a biomarker of kidney disorders and is considered as an accurate early predictor of preeclampsia. However, the results of studies related to this still vary Objective: To determine the differences in neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression in normal pregnancy, early-onset preeclampsia (EOP) and late-onset preeclampsia (LOP). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from April 2024 to June 2025. The samples were all pregnant women aged ≥20 weeks who came to the Obstetrics Department at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Andalas University Hospital and dr. Reksodiwiryo Hospital in Padang City who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with a history of malignancy, infection, premature rupture of membranes, or having comorbidities were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into normal pregnancy, EOP and LOP. Examination of NGAL levels from venous blood samples was carried out using the ELISA. Results: In this study, there were 12 normal pregnancies, 13 EOP pregnancies and 11 LOP pregnancies. Each group of pregnant women had almost similar characteristics with an average age of 31 years and the majority of patients being multiparous, obese, having a high school education and being housewives. In this study, NGAL levels were 2.45 ± 0.73 ng/ml; 3.61 ± 1.12 ng/ml; and 3.63 ± 1.12 in normal pregnancies, EOP, and LOP, respectively. The ANOVA test obtained p value of 0.01, which means that there is a significant difference in NGAL expression between normal pregnancies, EOP and LOP. The post hoc test obtained significant differences between NGAL level of normal pregnancy with EOP (p = 0.021) and normal pregnancy with LOP (p = 0.027), but not in NGAL expression between EOP with LOP (p = 1,000). Conclusion: Differences in NGAL expression were found to be significant between normal pregnancy and EOP and LOP. Meanwhile, there was no difference in NGAL expression between EOP and LOP.
Differences in Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength Before and After Normal Delivery in Patients Who Give Birth in The Working Area of The Padang City Public Health Center Muhammad Al Fath; Yulia Margaretta Sari; Firdawati Firdawati; Yusrawati Yusrawati; Bobby Indra Utama; Puja Agung Antonius
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.282-290.2026

Abstract

Background: Vaginal delivery can cause physiological changes in the pelvic floor muscles and increase the risk of dysfunction such as urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse. However, the extent to which uncomplicated vaginal delivery affects pelvic floor muscle strength is unknown, especially in the Padang City Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area. Objective: To determine differences in pelvic floor muscle strength before and after vaginal delivery in patients who gave birth in the Padang City Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with 30 primigravida respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Muscle strength was measured using perineometry in the final trimester and 3 months postpartum. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test (α = 5%). Results: The average age of respondents was 28.27 years. Statistical tests showed no significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength before and after delivery (p = 0.792), indicating that postpartum strength does not affect pre-delivery strength. Conclusion: Uncomplicated vaginal delivery does not significantly affect pelvic floor muscle strength. Decreased strength may be influenced by other factors such as obstetric trauma, birth weight, and exercise during pregnancy. Longer-term follow-up studies are needed for a more comprehensive understanding.
Association Between Social Media or Internet Exposure and Age at Menarche Among State Junior High School Girl Students in Padang Faisal D Brawidya; Aladin Aladin; Firdawati Firdawati
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.271-281.2026

Abstract

Background: Menarche marks the onset of reproductive capability in females and is occurring at increasingly younger ages. Recent studies suggest that digital media exposure may influence the timing of puberty. Objective: To evaluate the association between social media or internet exposure and age of menarche among junior high school girls in Padang, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 eighth-grade students selected using proportional random sampling. Data on social media usage patterns—including onset age, daily duration, and exposure to pornographic content—were collected via structured questionnaires. Chi-square tests were applied for statistical analysis. Results: Early onset of social media use was significantly associated with earlier menarche (p=0.001). Longer daily usage also correlated with earlier onset (p=0.005). Additionally, exposure to pornographic content showed a strong association with earlier menarche (p=0.003). Conclusion: High exposure to digital media—especially involving adult content—may accelerate menarche through neuroendocrine disruption and psychosocial stress. These findings emphasize the need for parental supervision and health education to manage adolescent screen time and promote reproductive health awareness.
Optimal Outcomes Following Combined Cesarean-Myomectomy for High-Risk Intramural Leiomyoma: A Case Report Ardiar Rahmananda Laksanadi; Nareswari Imanadha Cininta Marcianora; Bayu Priangga; Hamzah Rafly Rahman
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.375-384.2026

Abstract

Background: Uterine leiomyomas during pregnancy pose significant management challenges, especially when large or located near the cervix. FIGO Type 5 myomas, characterized by their intramural yet cervix-adjacent position, may compromise cervical integrity and complicate labor. Traditionally, cesarean myomectomy has been avoided due to the risk of severe hemorrhage, yet emerging evidence supports its feasibility in selected patients. This report presents a technically refined approach to managing a high-risk intramural myoma during cesarean delivery. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old multigravida (G3P2) with two prior cesarean sections was diagnosed at 13 weeks of gestation with a posterior intramural uterine myoma measuring 8.4 × 5.9 × 8.85 cm (FIGO Type 5). Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a short cervix (2.1 cm) and marked intralesional vascularity. Progesterone therapy and close monitoring led to cervical length improvement to 2.53 cm. At 39 weeks, elective cesarean delivery with concurrent myomectomy was performed. Circumferential basal ligation of the myoma pedicle provided rapid hemostasis before enucleation and layered uterine repair. A 223-gram benign leiomyoma was removed, with minimal blood loss. Discussion: This case illustrates that precise surgical planning, effective hemostatic control, and multidisciplinary readiness are critical for achieving optimal outcomes in cesarean myomectomy. The basal ligation technique proved to be an effective method to minimize intraoperative bleeding and preserve uterine integrity. These findings align with current reports advocating for carefully selected cesarean myomectomy when technical expertise and resources are adequate. While further evidence is required to establish standardized guidelines. Conclusion: Cesarean myomectomy can be safely performed in selected patients with large intramural leiomyomas when appropriate hemostatic strategies, such as basal ligation, are employed. This case supports reconsidering the traditional reluctance toward cesarean myomectomy, emphasizing individualized patient selection and surgical expertise.
Pendekatan Konservatif pada Kanker Serviks Selama Kehamilan Rima Irwinda; Lisa Novianti; M Adya F Dilmy; Hariyono Winarto
Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aoj.10.2.194-217.2026

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy poses a complex clinical and ethical dilemma, requiring a balance between timely maternal cancer treatment and fetal preservation. Recent studies show that pregnancy itself does not worsen long-term cancer outcomes, allowing for a more individualized approach especially in early-stage disease, where delaying treatment until fetal viability can be both safe and practical   Purpose: This evidence-based review aimed to summarize current evidence on the safety and outcomes of conservative management for early-stage cervical cancer during pregnancy   Methods: We explored journal databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar). We included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or observational studies published in English   Results: We found three studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria; they were two meta-analyses and one retrospective cohort study. Zuoxi et al concluded that there was no survival difference between the 2 groups (100% vs. 90.91%, P=0.54), and none of the pregnant women who died had delayed treatment due to pregnancy. Zeng et al, the primary outcome of interest is long-term survival, as pregnancy termination and timing of delivery did not significantly affect the 5-year OS (P > 0.05).   Conclusion: This evidence-based case report underscores the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a conservative, individualized management strategy for patients diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer during pregnancy, where a comprehensive understanding of current evidence empowers clinicians and patients to collaborate on treatment plan that addresses both maternal survival and fetal well-being.

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