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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
ISSN : 25024752     EISSN : 25024760     DOI : -
Core Subject :
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 63 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 2: May 2019" : 63 Documents clear
Passive sensor frequency selective surface for structural health monitoring F.H.W. Mustafa; S.N. Azemi; M.F. Jamlos; A.A. Al-Hadi; P.J. Soh
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp744-750

Abstract

Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies have attained attention to monitor civil structures. SHM sensor systems have been used in various civil structures such as bridges, buildings, tunnels and so on. However the previous sensor for SHM is wired and encounter with problem to cover large areas. Therefore, wireless sensor was introduced for SHM to reduce network connecting problem. Wireless sensors for Structural Health monitoring are new technology and have many advantages to overcome the drawback of conventional and wired sensor. This project proposed passive wireless SHM sensor using frequency selective surface (FSS) as an alternative to conventional sensors. The electromagnetic wave characteristic of FSS will change by geometrical changes of FSS due to mechanical strain or structural failure. The changes feature is used as a sensing function without any connecting wires. Two type of design which are circular ring and square loop along with the transmission and reflection characteristics of SHM using FSS were discussed in this project. A simulation process has shown that incident angle characteristics can be use as a data for SHM application.
Surveillance system with motion and face detection using histograms of oriented gradients Ri Cerd Ng; Kian Ming Lim; Chin Poo Lee; Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp869-876

Abstract

With the rapidly increasing crime rate in recent years, community safety issues aroused a wide concern among public community. Various security technologies had been invented and carried out, for example password door lock, alarm system, and closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Although the installation of CCTVs is common in most premises, they require extensive man power to manually monitor the videos. Moreover, the reliability of human operator greatly deteriorates when they are in fatigue condition. In view of this, our project aims to develop an automated computer vision based surveillance system. Unlike ordinary CCTV system that requires human operator to manually observe and detect intruder, a computer vision based surveillance system automatically monitor the security of premises and trigger actions once an intrusion is detected. Basically, it is a simple surveillance camera system that will be setup at the entrance of the house. The reliability is being enhanced by applying the motion detection and face recognition algorithm, using histogram of oriented gradients that could detect the existence of people at the main entrance and try to validate the user. Apart from recognizing the user, the propose system also support mobile interaction whereby user can monitor the camera, activate alarm, and even received notification when a stranger was being detected at the entrance of the house. By including such functionalities, proposed system had highly surpassed the existing surveillance system by not only support monitoring, but also try to recognize the people and inform the user at the exact moment when stranger detected, so that user could take immediate action about it, for example activating the alarm or report to police. The project was executed with expected outcome and objectives had been accomplished.
Rain attenuation statistics over 5G millimetre wave links in Malaysia Mustafa Ghanim; Manhal Alhilali; Jafri Din; Hong Yin Lam
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp1012-1017

Abstract

Millimetre wave band is a solid contender to be utilized for the future 5G wireless systems deployment. Rain-induced attenuation is a major disadvantage at these frequencies. This paper presents statistics of rain-induced attenuation and rainfall data for two years of horizontally polarized links propagating at 38 GHz and 26 GHz over a terrestrial path link of 301 meters. From the analysed datasets, a rain rate around 116 mm/h exceeded at 0.01% of the time of an average year, while the links recorded 16 and 9.5 dB at the same percentage of time for 38 and 26 GHz respectively. The study aims to identify the prediction model that deliver most reasonable predictions for 5G links operating in Malaysian tropical climate. ITU-R P.530-17, Mello’s, and Ghiani’s models were all examined. Using ITU-R model, relative error margins of around 3.8%, 30% and 49.7% alongside 22.3, 9.5, 33% were obtained in 0.1%, 0.01% and 0.001% of the time for 26 and 38 GHz respectively.  Curiously, ITU-R model demonstrates better predictions to measured rain attenuation with lower error probability. This study highlights the need for new prediction models for short path-length 5G links and helps to improve the design of terrestrial links operating at millimetre wave frequencies in tropical regions.
Safe sailing: GSM and GPS controlled autonomous boat with overweight detection and obstacle avoidance Shadman Sakib Arnob; Adiba Sumaiya Khan; Rashed Shelim; Mahmood Chowdhury
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp715-724

Abstract

This paper aims to save thousands of lives by proposing a novel technique of ensuring the complete safety of medium-sized aquatic vehicles using innovative ideas as well as augmented adaptations of myriad existing technologies. The proposed system incorporates a warning and danger level detection circuit using transistors for switching purposes when the vehicles are overloaded, and a Global System for Mobile (GSM) based module so that the control room can receive alerts and control the engines of such vehicles centrally. A system for detecting and avoiding obstacles is made using ultrasonic radar with ultrasonic transducer JSN SR04t mounted on top of SG90 servo arm which rotates to detect any obstacles. When an obstacle is detected, two other ultrasonic sensors SR-04 gets activated which are placed on two sides of the aquatic vehicle and the ultrasonic transducer becomes fixed on the exact centre. All the three sensors work together to find a free path for the boat to travel. If there is no free path, the boat will stop and wait for the paths to get cleared. The location of the vehicle is tracked by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been included along with a system which uses values from the GPS module to come back to its original path if it deviates from the original path when avoiding obstacles. A barcode system has been added where it keeps a count on the passengers. The tickets for the vehicle will have barcodes on them which will let the passengers in only if the barcode matches. This is used mainly to keep track of how many people are boarding the vehicle and to prevent those without tickets from boarding.
Optimization of high-k composite dielectric materials of variable oxide thickness tunnel barrier for nonvolatile memory Farah A.Hamid; Afiq Hamzah; N. Ezaila Alias; Razali Ismail
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp765-772

Abstract

Downscaling the tunnel oxide thickness has become one of the innovative solutions to minimize the operational voltage with better the programming/erasing (P/E) operation time. However, the downscaling technique faces several challenges where the conventional SiO2 tunnel layer has reached its limit. But a practical alternative has been introduced; Variable Oxide Thickness (VARIOT) technology in flash memory has been promising. VARIOT is one of tunnel barrier engineering technology for incorporating the high-k dielectric materials as a composite tunnel barrier. This paper presents the VARIOT concept to determine the optimum set of combination, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and the low-k oxide thickness (Tox) for alternate high-k materials. Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling coefficients are also extracted for various combinations of VARIOT, where in this work ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3, La2O3, and Y2O3 are used. The VARIOT optimization is conducted using 3-Dimensional (3D) Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect-Transistor (SiNWFET) device structure and simulated in TCAD Simulation tools. From the simulation results, it has found out that the high-k materials of La2O3 asymmetric stack is the excellent dielectric material among four (4) other dielectric materials; ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 for EOT=4nm and Tox=1nm. 
2.45 GHz wearable rectenna array design for microwave energy harvesting Syahirah Shawalil; Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani; Hasliza A. Rahim
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp677-687

Abstract

This paper presents a design of a wearable textile microstrip patch rectifying antenna (rectenna) array operating for wireless body area network (WBAN) at the center frequency, fc of 2.45 GHz.  Precisely, jeans or denim with the relative permittivity,  = 1.70 and thickness of 1.00 mm is chosen as a substrate attached to SheildIt Super as a conductive material with the thickness, h of 0.17 mm and conductivity of 6.67  105 S/m, respectively. In the first stage, a microstrip patch antenna array layout with the inset fed technique is designed and simulated by using the Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS) software.  In the second stage, a wearable textile microstrip patch antenna array is fabricated, integrated, and hidden inside the jeans fabric.  In the third stage, the rectifier circuit layout on the flame retardant-4    (FR-4) printed circuit board (PCB) with the dielectric constant,  = 4.7, thickness, h = 1.6 mm, and loss tangent, δ = 0.018 that can generate radio frequency-direct current (RF-DC) conversion is designed and simulated using the ADS software  Each simulation result and fabrication measurement shows that the designed antenna array characteristics are suitable for an industrial, scientific, and medical radio (ISM) band by having the reflection coefficient, S11 less than -10 decibel (dB) at the respective resonant frequency, fr.  Moreover, through simulation, the output DC voltage for the bridge rectifier circuit is from 132 mV to 5.01 V with the corresponding power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 3.48% and 50.20% whereas for the voltage doubler rectifier, the output DC voltage is from 417 mV to 2.91 V with the corresponding PCE between 34.78% and 53.56%, respectively.
Comparative high-k material gate spacer impact in DG-FinFET parameter variations between two structures Ameer F. Roslan; F. Salehuddin; A.S. M. Zain; K.E. Kaharudin; I. Ahmad; H. Hazura; A.R. Hanim; S.K. Idris
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp573-580

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of the high-K material gate spacer on short channel effects (SCEs) for the 16 nm double-gate FinFET (DG-FinFET), where depletion-layer widths of the source-drain corresponds to the channel length. Virtual fabrication process along with design modification throughout the study and its electrical characterization is implemented and significant improvement is shown towards the altered structure design whereby in terms of the ratio of drive current against the leakage current (ION/IOFF ratio), all three materials tested being S3N4, HfO2 and TiO2 increases from the respective 60.90, 80.70 and 84.77 to 84.77, 91.54 and 92.69. That being said, the incremental in ratio has satisfied the incremental on the drive current as well as decreases the leakage current. Threshold voltage (VTH) for all dielectric materials have also satisfy the minimum requirement predicted by the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 for which is at 0.461±12.7% V. Based on the results obtained, the high-K materials have shown a significant improvement, specifically after the modifications towards the Source/Drain. Compared to the initial design made, TiO2 has improved by 12.94% after the alteration made in terms of the overall ION and IOFF performances through the ION/IOFF ratio value obtained, as well as meeting the required value for VTH obtained at 0.464V. The ION from high-K materials has proved to meet the minimum requirement by ITRS 2013 for low performance Multi-Gate technology.
Vacant parking space identification using probabilistic neural network Romi Fadillah Rahmat; Sarah Purnamawati; Joko Kurnianto; Sharfina Faza; Muhammad Fermi Pasha
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp887-894

Abstract

The need for public parking space is increasing nowadays due to the high number of cars available.  Users of car parking services, in general, are still looking for vacant parking locations to park their vehicle manually. With the current technological developments, especially in image processing field, it is expected to solve the parking space problem. Therefore, this research implements image processing to determine the location of vacant parking space or occupied ones that run in real-time. In this study, the proposed method is divided into five stages. The first stage is image acquisition to capture the image of parking location. Then it continues to pre-processing stage which consists of the process of saturation, grayscale and thresholding. The third stage is image segmentation to cut the image into five parts. The next stage is feature extraction using invariant moment, and the last stage would be identification process to determine the location of vacant parking spaces or occupied ones. The results of this research using 100 test images generates an accuracy, recall, and precision of 94%.
Investigation of lower limb’s muscles activity during performance of salat between two age groups N. Abdul Malik; Z. Wahid; A. F. Zulkipili; S. Noorjannah Ibrahim; T. S. Gunawan; Sheroz Khan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp608-617

Abstract

Muscles play an important role in the movement of limbs. They undergo contraction to straighten or to bend a joint for the limbs to move. There are many factors that can affect muscle activity. Age could be one of the possible factors affecting muscle activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb’s muscles activity during performance of salat between two age groups. The lower limb’s muscles investigated were Gastrocnemius (GAS), Biceps Femoris (BF), Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Rectus Femoris (RF). The postures involve are standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting. The electromyography (EMG) signals of the muscles were measured using the technique of surface EMG (sEMG). The signals were acquired by using Delsys Bagnoli™ Desktop sEMG system and EMGworks®. Ten healthy subjects from two age groups were recruited in this study. The first group consists of five males aged between 20 to 29 while the second group consists of five males aged above 40. The raw EMG signals acquired were analyzed and the EMG envelopes were developed using MATLAB. The averaged RMS values of EMG for each muscle were also calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the EMGs was obtained by using F-test. Further investigation of the variance was performed by using Tukey comparison. From the results, the most active muscle during the performance of salat is BF while the less active muscle is GAS for both age groups. The statistical result show that there is no difference in the muscle activity pattern between the two age groups but there is significant difference among the muscles investigated.
The effect of insulator geometrical profile on electric field distributions Ali A. Salem; R. Abd-Rahman; M. S. Kamarudin; H. Ahmed; N.A. M. Jamail; N. A. Othman; M.F. M. Yousof; M. T. Ishak; S. Al-Ameri
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 14, No 2: May 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp618-627

Abstract

In recent years, silicone rubber (SIR) insulators are use widely on high voltage transmission lines, particularly in heavy polluted environment. The performance of SIR in highly dependent on electric field profile that may lead to other serious problem such as ageing and flashover phenomenon. In this paper, electric field and potential distribution around insulator profile were computed using finite element method approach. Insulator geometrical profile i.e. shed radius, inclination angle, width and length has been varied and analyzed. Simulation results reveal that electric field is greatest at area near to the ground and high voltage terminal. Several recommendations have been proposed on insulator profile in achieving optimized electrical performance of the insulator.

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