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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA TEMPUYUNG (Sonchus arvensis L.) MONO RAHARDJO; IRENG DARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 3 (2000): Desember, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n3.2000.73-79

Abstract

Effect of water stress on the production and quality of Sonchus arvensis L.Study on water stress in Sonchus arvensis L was conducted to improve the quality and production of leaves. Pot experiment was conducted at geen house Bogor Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from July to November 1996, with 7 kg latosol dry soil of Cimanggu Bogor per pot. Randomized block design with four replications were used. Eight treatments of water stess and casting were applied i.e. (I) 100% field capacity (FC) no casting, (2) 100% FC + casting, (3) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 days alter planting (dap), (4) 60% FC + casting with water stess started at 30 dap, (5) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 dap, (6) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 DAP, (7) 60% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap, (8) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap. Results showed that chlorophyl content leaf aea, fresh and dry weight of leaves deceased at a water stress of 60% FC strated al 30 dap the higher the water stress the lower the measurement of those parameters, but the higher the content of K and Na. The highest yield of fesh and dry leaves, respectively 53.22 and 4.58 g/plant was produced by the plants treated in 100% PC + casting. The plant treated in 40% FC started at 30 dap resulted in the highest quality of simplisia indicated by the highest content of K (8.2%) and Na (0.227%). With the treatment, K and Na conlent increased by 13.6 and 95.7% espectively and the dry weight of simplisia decreased by 62.9%.
SKRINING GALUR KAPAS (Gossypium hirsutum L.) TOLERAN TERHADAP KEKERINGAN DENGAN PEG-6000 PADA FASE KECAMBAH SIWI SUMARTINI; EMY SULISTYOWATI; SRI MULYANI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.139-146

Abstract

ABSTRAKDaerah pengembangan kapas di Indonesia umumnya lahan keringdengan keterbatasan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-galur kapas toleran kekeringan menggunakan PEG-6000 pada fasekecambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Benih BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, mulai bulan April sampai Juni2012. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang duakali. Petak utama adalah perlakuan PEG-6000 (-3 bar) dan tanpa PEG-6000 (air), sedangkan anak petak adalah 13 galur kapas dan varietasKanesia 14. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima pot masing-masing ditanamsepuluh biji. Benih kapas dicampur dengan fungisida Mancozeb 80% 2g/kg benih sebelum ditanam. Parameter pengamatan meliputi dayaberkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, bobot kecambah dan akar,rasio  panjang  akar/kecambah,  serta  indeks  kerentanan  terhadapkekeringan. Kecambah dihitung sebagai kecambah normal jika panjanglebih dari 0,5 cm. Perlakuan PEG-6000 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadappenurunan daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, serta bobotkecambah dan akar. Sebaliknya, rasio panjang akar/kecambah lebih tinggipada perlakuan PEG-6000 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PEG-6000. Respon ketahanan galur kapas yang dihitung dengan indekskerentanan kekeringan berbeda pada masing-masing parameter yangdiamati. Dari nilai rata-rata indeks kerentanan kekeringan semuaparameter, tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap kekeringan (S<0,50).Terdapat delapan galur yang agak tahan kekeringan (0,50<S<1,0) danlebih tahan dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 14, yaitu 03002/12, 03006/1,03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12, 03017/13, dan 03017/15.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tahan kekeringan, PEG-6000,perkecambahan, galurABSTRACTCotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of wateravailability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant todrought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment wasconducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener andFiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012. Treatments werearranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot wasPEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80%Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parametersobserved were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot androot weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index.Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination,shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ratio of root/shootlength was higher in the PEG-6000 than without PEG-6000 treatment.Response of cotton lines to drought which calculated with a droughtsusceptibility index were different among parameter observed. Meandrought susceptibility index of all parameters showed that none of cottonline tolerant to drought (S < 0,50) was achieved from the study. Therewere eight moderately drought-resistant lines (0, 50 < S < 1,0) achievednamely 03002/12, 03006/1, 03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12,03017/13, and 03017/15 which more resistance than Kanesia 14.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., drought tolerant, PEG-6000,germination, lines
PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL SERAT ROSELA DI LAHAN PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING KALIMANTAN SELATAN Budi SANTOSO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n3.2005.85-93

Abstract

ABSTRAKLahan podsolik merah kuning (PMK) berpotensi untuk pengem-bangan tanaman rosela. Kendala utama dalam lahan PMK adalah miskinunsur hara makro dan mikro, kandungan Al dan Fe tinggi, pH tanah rendahdan sering terjadi fiksasi P. Daya dukung lahan ini dapat diperbaiki denganmemberikan bahan amelioran seperti kapur atau bahan organik. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Desa Sabuhur II, Kecamatan Jorong, Kabupaten TanahLaut, Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember2001. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang tigakali. Sebagai petak utama terdiri atas lima jenis bahan organik, yakni (1)pupuk kandang kotoran ternak sapi, (2) pupuk kandang dari kotoranunggas, (3) kompos dari jerami, (4) kompos dari alang-alang, dan (5)kompos dari serpihan kayu rosela, masing-masing dosisnya 5 t/ha. Anakpetak terdiri atas tiga dosis pupuk anorganik yaitu (A) Tanpa pupukanorganik, (B) (45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5  + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha, dan (C) (90 kg N+ 80 kg P 2 O 5  (fosfat alam) + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha. Bahan tanaman yangdigunakan galur rosela CPI 115357. Ukuran petak 4 m x 6 m dengan jaraktanam 20 cm x 20 cm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan jenis bahan organik dan dosis pupuk anorganik (NPK) yangdapat mendukung hasil serat rosela yang tinggi di lahan PMK KalimantanSelatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kombinasi perlakuanpemberian (5 t pupuk kotoran unggas + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5  (fosfat alam)+ 60 kg K 2 O) /ha memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameterbatang, hasil brangkasan dan hasil serat kering tertinggi rosela masing-masing 262,33 mm; 17,65 mm; 47,78 t dan 2,83 t/ha.Kata kunci : Rosela, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., podsolik merah kuning,bahan organik, pupuk organik, hasil, Kalimantan SelatanABSTRACTEffect of NPK fertilizer and organic materials on rosellafiber yield in red yellow podzolic soil of South KalimantanRed yellow podzolic soil is potential for rosella development. Themajor problem of red yellow podzolic soil is low fertility of soil, especiallymacro and micro elements, high content of Al and Fe and P fixation oftenhappened. The soil capacity can be improved by application of ameliorantmaterials such as lime or organic materials. The experiment was conductedin Sabuhur II Village, Jorong Sub District, Tanah Laut District in SouthKalimantan during growing season of January to December 2001. Theexperiment was designed in split-plot with three replications. The mainplots were source of organic materials (1) cows manures, (2) chickenmanures, (3) compost of rice hays, (4) compost of alang-alang, and (5)compost of rosella stems with dose 5 t/ha respectively. The sub plots werethe dosage of NPK fertilizer (A) zero fertilizer, (B) 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5  +60 kg K 2 O /ha, and (C) 90 kg N + 80 kg K 2 O 5  + 60 kg K 2 O/ ha. The rosellaclone was CPI 115357 line, plot size 4 m x 6 m, and plant spacing 20 cm x20 cm. The purpose of this experiment was to find out the kind of organicmaterials and dosage of unorganic fertilizer which can support rosella fiberyield in red yellow podzolic soil of South Kalimantan. The result showedthat the application of 5 tons chicken manures + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5(rock phosphate) + 60 kg K 2 O/ha gave the best plant height, stemdiameter, fresh and dry fiber yield of rosella which were 262,33 cm; 17,65mm; 47,76 tons and 2,83 tons respectively.Key words : Rosella, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., red yellow podzolic, organicmaterials, unorganic fertilizer, yield, South Kalimantan
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS TUMBUHAN BAWAH PADA TEGAKAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG / Identification of Understoreys at Palm Oil Stands and their Utilization for Beef Cattle Feed Firison, Jhon; Wiryono, Wiryono; Brata, Bieng; Ishak, Andi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 25, No 2 (2019): Desember, 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v25n2.2019.59-68

Abstract

The presumption that understoreys at palm oil stands are weeds is not entirely true because the understoreys can be potentially used as beef cattle feed. The study aimed to identify the types of understorey at palm oil stands, to determine the dominant species, and to calculate the understorey biomass potential for beef cattle feed. The study was conducted in Kungkai Baru Village, Air Periukan Subdistrict, Seluma Regency, Bengkulu Province from July to September 2018. Data were obtained by using a 1mx1m method. Samples were taken from 2, 7, and 15 years old palm oil stands for 26 plots, then they were identified and dried to obtain dry ingredients. The level of beef cattle preference to understoreys was found out based on the results of the interviews with 5 farmers. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study concluded that (1) there were 53 species of understoreys at the oil palm stands consisting of 46 genera and 29 families; (2) the Poaceae family was the most important understoreys at the oil palm stands; and (3) there were 20 understorey species which were potential for beef cattle feed at the oil palm stands. The understorey biomass decreased along with the increasing age of palm oil stands, which was 8845.1 kg/ha at the stands aged two years, 5445.4 kg/ha at 7 years, and 4317.4 kg/ha at 15 years. The study indicates that understorey species at palm oil stands are potential for beef cattle feed.Keywords: Biomass,  animal preference level, Poaceae family AbstrakAnggapan bahwa jenis tumbuhan bawah sebagai gulma pada kelapa sawit tidaklah sepenuhnya benar karena tumbuhan bawah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak sapi potong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan bawah pada tegakan kelapa sawit, menentukan dominasi jenis, dan menghitung biomassa tumbuhan bawah yang berpotensi sebagai pakan ternak sapi potong. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kungkai Baru, Kecamatan Air Periukan, Kabupaten Seluma, Provinsi Bengkulu pada bulan Juli sampai dengan September 2018. Pengumpulan data dilakukan metode kuadrat ukuran 1m x 1m. Sampel tumbuhan bawah diambil sebanyak 26 plot pada umur tegakan 2, 7, dan 15 tahun, selanjutnya diidentifikasi dan dikeringkan untuk mendapatkan bahan keringnya. Tingkat kesukaan ternak sapi potong terhadap tumbuhan bawah diketahui berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan 5 orang peternak. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) terdapat 53 jenis tumbuhan bawah pada seluruh tegakan kelapa sawit yang terdiri atas 46 genus dan 29 famili; (2) famili Poaceae merupakan tumbuhan bawah terpenting pada tegakan kelapa sawit; (3) terdapat 20 jenis tumbuhan bawah yang berpotensi sebagai pakan ternak sapi potong pada tegakan kelapa sawit yang biomassanya semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya umur tegakan, yaitu 8.845,1 kg/ha pada umur tegakan 2 tahun, 5.445,4 kg/ha pada umur tegakan 7 tahun, dan 4.317,4 kg/ha pada umur tegakan 15 tahun.  Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tumbuhan bawah pada tegakan kelapa sawit berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan ternak sapi.Kata kunci:Biomassa,  tingkat kesukaan ternak, family Poaceae.
EVALUASI KETAHANAN HIBRIDA SOMATIK NILAM TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) NASRUN NASRUN; NURMANSYAH NURMANSYAH; HERWITA IDRIS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.110-115

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian evaluasi ketahanan hibrida somatik nilam terhadappenyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) telah dilaksanakan dilaboratorium dan rumah kaca KP Laing Solok dari bulan Januari sampaiDesember 2007. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nomor hibridasomatik nilam yang tahan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri. Kegiatanpenelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel tanaman nilam terinfeksi penyakitlayu bakteri di lapangan, dan isolasi dan perbanyakan isolat bakteripatogen di laboratorium. Uji patogenisitas isolat bakteri patogen pada bibitnilam dilaksanakan di rumah kaca. Selanjutnya perbanyakan bibit nilamhibrida somatik, inokulasi bibit dengan bakteri somatik, dan inkubasi bibittersebut dilaksanakan di rumah kaca. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapanomor nilam hibrida somatik sebagai perlakuan yang disusun dalamrancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yangdiamati adalah masa inkubasi menunjukkan gejala awal penyakit untuk ujipatogenisitas isolat bakteri patogen. Masa inkubasi menunjukkan gejalaawal penyakit dan kematian serta intensitas penyakit. Selanjutnya jugadiamati pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi daun basah untuk pengujianketahanan nomor hibrida somatik nilam terhadap bakteri patogen. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa hibrida somatik 2IV/4 dan 9II/21 sertavarietas Girilaya sampai akhir pengamatan tidak menampakkan gejalapenyakit. Sementara itu hibrida somatik 2IV/6; 9II/34; 2IV/9; 9IV/3; dan9IV/6 menunjukkan gejala awal penyakit (118,5 – 133,6 hari setelahinokulasi ”HSI”) dan kematian bibit (130,5 – 182,2 HSI) paling lamadengan intensitas penyakit (29,6 – 48,2%) lebih rendah dibandingkandengan hibrida somatik lainnya. Selanjutnya, penyumbatan pembuluhkayu sangat rendah yaitu 5,20 – 9,50% pada bagian akar, tetapi padabagian pangkal batang dan pucuk tidak ada penyumbatan. Pertumbuhandan produksi daun basah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hibrida somatiklainnya, yakni tinggi tanaman 78,00 – 104,00 cm; jumlah daun 66 – 112daun, dan produksi daun basah 55,00 - 99,19 g. Sebaliknya hibridasomatik 9IV/4; 9II/23; 9II/33; 9IV/14; dan 2IV/1 memperlihatkan gejalaawal penyakit (32,3 -105,84 HSI) dan kematian bibit nilam (41,5 – 125,0HSI) lebih cepat, dan intensitas penyakit lebih tinggi (75 – 100%)dibandingkan hibrida somatik lainnya termasuk varietas Sidikalang.Penyumbatan pembuluh kayu oleh bakteri patogen sebesar 12,46 – 31,25%pada bagian akar, 6,10 – 22,50% pada bagian batang, dan 4,17 – 6,25%pada pucuk. Begitu juga dengan pertumbuhan dan produksi daun basahlebih rendah dibandingkan dengan hibrida somatik lainnya, dengan tinggitanaman 42,20 – 61,85 cm, jumlah daun 24 - 37 daun, dan produksidaun basah 18,00 - 41,20 g. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terpilih duanomor hibrida somatik yaitu (2IV/4 dan 9 II/21) yang tahan terhadappenyakit layu bakteri, dan lima nomor hibrida somatik yaitu (9IV/6, 9IV/3,9II/34, 2IV/9, dan 2IV/6) yang toleran terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dirumah kaca.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth., nilam, penyakit layu bakteri,evaluasi ketahanan, hibrida somatikABSTRACTEvaluation on the Resistance of Hybrid Somatic PatchouliPlant to Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum)The study on the resistance evaluation of somatic hybrid patchouliplant to bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) had beenconducted in green house KP.Laing Solok from January to December2008. The objective of this study was to find the somatic hybrid numbersof patchouli plants resistant to bacterial wilt disease. The studied activitieswere collection of patchouli plant that was infected by bacterial wiltdisease in the field. Isolation and culture of the pathogen bacterial wereconducted in the laboratory and virulence test of pathogen bacterial onpatchouli plant was in the green house. In addition, sub culture of thesomatic hybrid seeds of patchouli plants, inoculation of these seeds bybacterial pathogen, and incubation of them were done at green house. Thestudy used some numbers of somatic hybrid as treatments that werearranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Asparameters were incubation period showing the first disease symptom forpathogenicity test of bacterial pathogen. Incubation period showed thefirst symptom died plant and diseases intensity. Plant growth and leafproduction were also observed for the study of number resistance ofsomatic hybrid patchouli plant to bacterial pathogen. The results showedthat somatic hybrid 2 IV/4 and 9 II/21 and Girilaya varieties did not showany symptoms. However, somatic hybrid 2IV/6, 9II/34, 2IV/9, 9IV/3, and9IV/6 showed the first symptom (118.5 – 133.6 days after inoculation”DAI”) and dead period (41.5 – 125.0 DAI) were the longest and thedisease intensity (29.6 – 48.2%) was lower than other somatic hybrid.Occluded xylem vessel by pathogen bacterial on root was lowest 5.20 –9.50%, but it was not found on base and young stems. They are alsohigher in the growth and leaf production than another somatic hybridpatchouli plant with 75.00 – 104.00 cm plant height, 66 -112 leaves/plant,and fresh leaf production of 55.00 – 99.19 g/pot. However, somatic hybrid9 IV/4, 9 II/23, 9 II/33, 9 IV/14, and 2 IV/1 showed earlier diseasesymptom, quicker seed death and higher disease intensity (75 -100%) thanother somatic hybrid patchouli plants including Sidikalang variety. Inaddition they had occluded xylem by bacterial pathogen 12.46 - 31.25% onthe root, 6.10 - 22.50% on the stem, and 4.17 – 6.25% on young stem.Plant growth and leaf production were lower than other somatic hybridpatchouli plants as of was 42.20-61.85 cm plant height; 24-37 leaves/plant,and fresh leaf production 18.00-41.20 g/pot. According to these results,experiment selected two numbers of somatic hybrid (2IV/4 and 9II/21)which were resistant to bacterial wilt disease, and five numbers of somatichybrid (9 IV/6, 9IV/3, 9II/34, 2IV/9, and 2IV/6) that were tolerant tobacterial wilt disease in the glass house.Key words: Pogostemon cablin Benth., patchouli, bacterial wilt disease,resistant evaluation, somatic hybrid patchouli plant
KETAHANAN 35 KLON KAKAO TERHADAP INFEKSI Phytophthora palmivora Butl. BERDASARKAN UJI DETACHED POD RUBIYO RUBIYO; AGUS PURWANTARA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.172-178

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemuliaan untuk menghasilkan klon yang toleran terhadap penyakitbusuk buah kakao sudah lama dilakukan di Indonesia. Pengendalian yangefektif dan efisien terhadap penyakit ini adalah dengan menggunakanbahan tanaman yang tahan. Tetapi untuk mendapatkan atau merakit bahantanaman yang tahan memerlukan waktu yang lama, juga ketersediaanplasma nutfah yang memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon koleksi kakao terhadap infeksipenyakit busuk buah P. palmivora. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalahpengujian ketahanan 35 klon kakao terhadap infeksi P. palmivoraberdasarkan uji detached pod, dan menentukan ada tidaknya hubunganantara tipe kakao dan bentuk buahnya dengan sifat ketahanan terhadapinfeksi P. palmivora, serta kerentanan klon kakao terhadap infeksiP. palmivora pada koleksi plasma nutfah kakao. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Jemberpada Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah kakao dari 35 klonbuah 4 bulan setelah antesis. Buah yang dipetik dari pohon diinokulasidengan miselia P. palmivora di laboratorium. Pengamatan dilakukan ter-hadap panjang dan lebar bercak yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi P. palmi-vora terhadap buah kakao yang diuji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiandiketahui bahwa klon kakao yang tahan terhadap penyakit busuk buah(P. palmivora) adalah klon ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR38, ICS 13, Sca 6, TSH 858 dan ICS 60 merupakan 10 klon kakao yangmempunyai tingkat resistensi tinggi terhadap infeksi P. palmivora dari 35plasma nutfah klon kakao yang diuji. Klon kakao yang sangat rentanadalah RCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC 71, BL 300, BL 301,KEE 2, TSH 908 dan DRC 15. Klon kakao yang dapat digunakan sebagaitetua untuk proses seleksi lebih lanjut adalah: ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3,UIT 1, TSH 858, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, dan Sca 6.Kata kunci : Theobroma cocoa, kakao, busuk buah, evaluasi, plasmanutfah, uji ketahananABSTRACTResistance of 35 Cocoa Clones against Phytophthorapalmivora Butl. Infection Based on Detached PODAssaysBreeding to produce clones tolerant to black pod disease of cocoahas long been done in Indonesia. Effective and efficient control of thisdisease is by using resistant planting material. But to obtain or assembleresistant planting materials require long period of time, also theavailability of germplasm with high genetic diversity. This researchactivities were conducted to evaluate the response of cocoa collectionagainst infection of black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora.The objectives of this experiment were (i) to evaluate the respone of 35cocoa clones against infection of P. palmivora using detached pod assay,(ii) to determine the most resistance cocoa clones, and (iii) the mostsusceptible cocoa clones among evaluated cocoa germplasm collectionagainst infection of P. palmivora. The research was conducted at theDisease Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Coffee and Cocoa ResearchInstitute in 2008. In the experiment, pods of 35 cocoa clones (at 4-5months after anthesis) were harvested and inoculated with mycelia of P.palmivora in the laboratory. Observations were conducted on length andwidth of necrosed symptoms because of P. palmivora infection on thesurface of the tested pods. The experiment showed that ICRI 1, PA 300,ICRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, TSH 858, SCA 6, and ICS 60 werethe ten most resistant cocoa clones. On the other hand, cocoa clones ofRCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC71, BL 300, BL 301, KEE 2,TSH 908, and DRC 15 were the ten most susceptible cocoa clones.Genotypes used as the parental clones for future selection process wereclones: ICCRI 1, ICCRI 3, ICS 13, TSH 858, UIT 1, PA 300, NIC 4, DR38, and Sca 6.Key words: Theobroma cocoa, cocoa, black pods, germplasm evaluation,resistance tests
PENGARUH KONDISI HOMOGENISASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN MUTU SANTAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SARI INTAN KAILAKU; TATANG HIDAYAT; DONDY A. SETIABUDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.31-39

Abstract

ABSTRAKProduk santan awet semakin banyak digunakan masyarakat untukalasan kepraktisan. Salah satu cara untuk menstabilkan emulsi santan yaitudengan penambahan emulsifier/stabiliser dan proses homogenisasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses homogenisasiyang dapat menghasilkan emulsi santan yang stabil dengan masa simpanyang optimal. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu tiga kecepatan putaran(6.000, 11.000, dan 16.000 rpm) dan empat durasi homogenisasi (10, 20,30, dan 40 menit). Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitukarakteristik fisik emulsi santan yang meliputi stabilitas emulsi, viskositas,dan mikroskopik santan. Kemudian diamati pula mutu santan selamapenyimpanan dengan menguji parameter pH, warna, kadar asam lemakbebas, dan total mikroba. Emulsifier yang digunakan adalah Tween 20(konsentrasi 0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan karboksi-metilselulosa-CMC (konsentrasi0 dan 0,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan CMC 0,6%dapat menghasilkan stabilitas emulsi yang baik (100%) sampai denganakhir pengamatan (14 hari). Kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimaldiperoleh pada kecepatan putaran 6.000 rpm selama 30 menit. Mutu santanyang dihasilkan dari kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimal cukup baikdan layak dikonsumsi sampai dengan penyimpanan minggu ke-6.Kata kunci: Santan, homogenisasi, emulsifier/stabiliser, karboksi-metil-selulosa (CMC), mutuABSTRACTPreserved coconut milk is increasingly used publicly because of itspractical reasons. One of the ways to stabilize the coconut milk emulsionis by addition of emulsifier/stabilizer and homogenizing process. Thisstudy aimed at obtaining conditions of the homogenization process toproduce stable emulsions of coconut milk with optimum storage period.The treatments applied were three rotation speeds (6,000, 11,000, and16,000 rpm) and four homogenization durations (10, 20, 30, and 40minutes). The experiment was arranged using factorial completelyrandomized design (CRD) factorial with three replicates .  Parametersobserved were physical characteristics including coconut milk emulsionstability, viscosity, and microscopic test of milk. Furthermore, it was thenobserved quality of the coconut milk during storage by testing theparameters of pH, color, free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and total microbes bytotal plate count (TPC). Emulsifiers used in the experiment were Tween 20(concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%) and carboxy-methylcellulose - CMC(concentrations of 0 and 0.6%). The results showed that the use of 0.6%CMC was able to produce a good emulsion stability (100%) until the endof the observation (14 days). Optimal condition of homogenizationprocess was obtained at the rotation speed of 6,000 rpm for 30 minutes.The quality of coconut milk resulted from optimal condition ofhomogenization process was quite good and valid for consumption up to 6weeks of storage.Key words : Coconut  milk,  homogenization,  emulsifier/stabilizer,carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC), quality.
PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN, FOSFOR, DAN KALIUM PADA TANAMAN AKAR WANGI ROSIHAN ROSMAN; OCTIVIA TRISILAWATI; SETIAWAN SETIAWAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.33-40

Abstract

ABSTRAKDosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimal untuk akar wangi belum diketahuidan penggunaannya  masih beragam. Penelitian bertujuan untukmendapatkan komposisi dosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimal yang dapatmeningkatkan produktivitas akar wangi. Penelitian dilakukan di DesaSukakarya, Garut dari bulan Januari 2009 sampai dengan Desember 2010menggunakan rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuanmeliputi 9 kombinasi pupuk N, P, dan K: (1). Kontrol; (2) 100 kg SP-36 +75 kg KCl; (3) 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl; (4) 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 75kg KCl; (5) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (6) 100 kg ZA + 100kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl; (7) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36; (8) 200 kg ZA +100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (9) 200 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl.Panen dilakukan pada 12, 14, dan 16 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa pemupukan dosis 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KClmenghasilkan minyak 52,59 dan 67,78 kg/ha (12 dan 14 BST) dan 200 kgZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl menghasilkan 67,76 kg /ha (16 BST),dengan kadar vetiverol lebih dari 50%.Kata kunci: Vetiveria zizanioides, pemupukan, vetiverol, produksi, mutuminyakABSTRACTThe optimum dosage of N, P, and K fertilizer has not been knownyet and it usage was still varied. The research aim is to obtain an optimalcomposition of N, P, and K fertilizer that could increase productivity ofvetiver crop. The researsch has been conducted in Sukakarya Village,Garut, from January 2009 to December 2010. The research was arrangedin randomized block design, with 3 replications and N, P, and K fertilizercombination treatments i.e.: (1) Control; (2) 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl;(3) 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl; (4) 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl;(5) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (6) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl; (7) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36; (8) 200 kg ZA + 100 kgSP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (9) 200 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl.Harvesting was done at 12, 14 and 16 months after planting (MAP). Theresult showed that the dose of 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl produced vetiver oil52,59 and 67,78 kg/ha (12 and 14 MAP). Meanwhile the dose of 200 kgZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl produced 67,76 kg/ha (16 MAP),respectively. vetiverol content were more than 50%.Key words: Vetiveria zizanioides, fertilizing, vetiverol, production, oilquality
POTENSI CENDAWAN Synnematium sp. SEBAGAI AGENS PENGENDALI Lawana sp. (FLATIDAE; HOMOPTERA) ELLYDA ABAS WIKARDI; GNR PURNAYASA; SISWANTO SISWANTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 3 (2001): September, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n3.2001.84-87

Abstract

Potency of Synnematium sp. as biocontrol agent of Lawana sp. (Flatidae; Homoptera)Research on potency of Synnematium sp. as biocontrol agent of Lawana sp. was carried out from May to June 2001 with a scries of pathogenicity tests in ield laboratory Narmada (Mataram) and Insect Laboratory Balittro, Bogor. The research consisted of two pats ie: (I) inoculation of the fungi on egg cluster of Lawana sp. of different ages, and (2) inoculation of the fungi with various application methods to the imagoes of Lawana sp.. Results showed that Synnematium sp. could infect 0-4 days old of eggs. Eggs more Uian 4 days old could be also infected, however 3-5% could still hatch to be nymphs. Application to parasitized eggs did not affect the parasitoid to hatch. Tests on the adults showed that 3 days ater inoculation with the fungi, adults of Lawana sp. became weak, while the motality occurred ater 5 days inoculation. Colony of Synnematium sp. on PDA media, primarily was white, then dark small balls sclcrotium, and formed synnemata on the top. The presence of sclerotia and synnemata seemed that the fungi is potential to be developed as microbial insecticide material ("micoinsectiside").
KORELASI DAN ANALISIS LINTASAN BEBERAPA KARAKTER PENTING KOLEKSI PLASMA NUTFAH PIRETRUM (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Trev.) DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN GUNUNG PUTRI EDI WARDIANA; ENNY RANDRIANI; NUR KHOLILATUL IZZAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.1-8

Abstract

ABSTRAKMenganalisis banyak karakter sebagai variabel bebas secaraserempak, dalam analisis lintasan, sering ditemukan kurangnya informasimengenai pengaruh (hubungan) yang diharapkan, di samping adanya efekmultikolinieritas. Kendala seperti ini dapat dikurangi melalui teknikanalisis secara bertahap dan seleksi variabel bebas dengan metodestepwise. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter-karakterpenting 83 klon tanaman piretrum dilakukan di KP. Gunung Putri, Cianjur,pada ketinggian tempat 1.400 m dpl dan jenis tanah Andosol, mulaiJanuari sampai Desember 2007. Penelitian dilakukan dengan caramengamati secara langsung 83 klon koleksi plasma nutfah piretrum di KP.Gunung Putri yang ditanam pada Januari 2007 dengan jarak tanam 30 cmx 40 cm. Contoh tanaman sebanyak 5 tanaman tiap klon ditentukan secaraacak sederhana, sehingga seluruhnya berjumlah 415 contoh. Analisislintasan  dilakukan  secara  bertahap  disesuaikan  dengan  siklusperkembangan tanaman, dan kemudian dilakukan konfirmasi modeldengan metode SEM (structural equation modelling). Variabel bebasdiseleksi dengan menggunakan metode stepwise. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa : (1) terdapat tiga karakter penting untuk seleksitanaman piretrum pada stadia dini yaitu : karakter jumlah anak daun/phn,jumlah anakan/phn, dan tinggi tanaman, sedangkan untuk seleksi padastadia lanjut dapat dilakukan terhadap karakter panjang bunga pita, dan (2)untuk tujuan hasil bunga segar yang tinggi, seleksi positif sebaiknyadilakukan terhadap karakter jumlah anak daun/phn dan jumlahanakan/phn, sedangkan seleksi negatif sebaiknya dilakukan terhadapkarakter tinggi pohon dan panjang bunga pita.Kata kunci : Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Trev., korelasi, analisislintasan, SEM.ABSTRACTCorrelation and path analysis of several important characters ofPyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Trev.) germplasmcollection in Gunung Putri Experimental StationIn path analysis simultaneously analyzing many characters asindependent variable often causes misinformation about expected effect(relation). Effect of multicollinearity often occurs. These constraints canbe decreased by using step by step path analysis and selection ofindependent variable with stepwise method of direct observation. Theexperiment was conducted on the pyrethrum population planted at KP.Gunung Putri, Cianjur, about 1400 m above sea level and Andosol of soiltype from January until December 2007. The research aimed toinvestigate several important characters of 83 clones of pyrethrumgermplasm collection planted in January 2007 with 30 cm x 40 cmplanting distance. The simple random sampling of 5 plants per clone(totally 415 samples), step by step path analysis based on plant growingcycle, confirmed model analyzed by Structure Equation Modelling (SEM),and selection of independent variable with stepwise method were used inthis study. Result showed that: (1) there are three important characters tobe used in selection program of pyrethrum at early stage i.e.: number ofleaflets/plant, number of tillers/plant, and height of plant. Length ofcorolla is important character for selection at late stage, and (2) for highyield of fresh flower, positive selection was made on number ofleaflets/plant and number of tillers/plant, and negative selection was doneon plant height and length of corolla.Key words : Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Trev., correlation, pathanalysis, SEM

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