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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENETAPAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS DENGAN TEKNIK RAPD YANG NURYANI; OTIH ROSTIANA; CHEPPY SYUKUR
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.39-44

Abstract

Keragaman genetik dan kckerabatan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas antara Nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dan Nilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) dianalisis dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 genotipa yang tcrdiri dari 3 tetua dan 6 tanaman hibrida somatik (9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 dan 9 II 10). Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis tcrdiri atas 5 primer acak yaitu OPD 03, OPD 20, OPH 09, OPH 19 dan Abi 117.17. DNA dickstraksi dengan metode OROZCO-CASTJLLO et al. (1994) yang sudah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi DNA ditetapkan dengan metode sambrook el al. (1989) dengan pcrbandingan kuantifikasi spektrofotometrik. Koefisien kemiripan dan kckerabatan antar genotipa dianalisis dengan menggunakan program NTsys ver. 1.80 dan UPGMA untuk menentukan sidik gerombol dan dendogram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiipan dari amplifikasi DNA dengan 5 primer acak dari ke- 9 genotipa berkisar antara 0.48-1.0. Berdasarkan niatrik jarak genetik, kescmbilan genotipa tanaman yang diuji membentuk 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I, tetua Girilaya (Nilam Jawa) dan kelompok II tcrdiri dari tetua Sidikalang dan TT 75 (Nilam Aceh) serta hibrida somatik. Kelompok II, tcrbagi menjadi dua sub kelompok yaitu sub kelompok I (9 II 33 dan 9 II 7) dan sub kelompok II yang tcrdii dari sub-sub kelompok II-I (9 II 21, S, TT 75) dan sub-sub kelompok II-II (2 IV 8, 9 IV 14, 9 II 10).Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, keragaman genetik, RAPD ABSTRACTS Assessment of genetic variability of patchoulli (Pogostemon sp.,) derived from protoplast fussion using RAPD Somatic hybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) X P. cablin (cv. Sidikalang and TT 75) were tested for their genetic variability and relationship. The somatic hybrids tested were 9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 and 9 II 10. DNA of the plant materials used were extracted by using the modified method of orozcocastulo et al. (1994) and quantified spectrophotometrically according to SAMBROOK el al. (1989). Five random primers, OPD 03. OPD 20, OPH 09. OPH 19 and Abi 117.17, were applied to amplify the extracted DNA. The genetic relationship among the somatic hybrids were estimated by using the index of similarity to perform genctical matrix and dendogram. Index of similarity among genotypes were calculated by using NTsys ver. 1.80 program. Then, cluster analyses to perform dendogram were achieved based on similarity estimates by using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). Results showed that index of similarities of the amplified DNA from 5 random primers ranged from 0.48 to 1.0. The somatic hybrids and their parental plants subjected to RAPD analyses were classified into 2 major groups, first, the parental group of Java patchouli and second, others parental plants, Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and TT 75), and the somatic hybrids. The second group was then classified into 2 minor groups. First group consisted of somatic hybrids nos. 9 II 33 and 9 II 7, while the second were classified into 2 groups which consisted nos. 9 II 21, S, TT 75 and nos. 2 IV 8, 9 IV 14 and 9 II 10.Key words : Pogostemon sp., protoplast fusion, genetic variability, RAPD
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SUMBER PUPUK KALIUM TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU MINYAK TANAMAN NILAM SYAKIR, M.; GUSMAINI, GUSMAINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n2.2012.60-65

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) sudah lama dibudi-dayakan, namun produktivitas dan mutu minyak yang dihasilkan masihrendah. Rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu minyak tersebut antara laindisebabkan teknologi budidaya yang masih sederhana, dan berkembangnyapenyakit, seperti penyakit layu bakteri dan budog, serta hama yangdisebabkan oleh nematoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperolehsumber dan dosis kalium yang tepat dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhandan produksi tanaman nilam. Kegiatan ini merupakan penelitian lapangyang dilakukan di Kuningan, Jawa Barat, dari bulan Januari sampaiDesember 2009. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok lengkap, 9 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas1) kontrol, 2) dosis KCl 60 kg/ha, 3) dosis KCl 120 kg/ha, 4) dosis KCl180 kg/ha, 5) dosis KCl 240 kg/ha, 6) dosis K 2 SO 4 60 kg/ha, 7) dosisK 2 SO 4 120 kg/ha, 8) dosis K 2 SO 4 180 kg/ha, 9) dosis K 2 SO 4 240 kg/ha.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber dan dosis kalium secaranyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi dibandingkan dengankontrol. Pertumbuhan tanaman, produksi terna kering, kadar dan produksiminyak nilam terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan KCl atau K 2 SO 4 dengandosis 60 kg/ha. Serapan hara N dan P yang tertinggi ditunjukkan olehperlakuan pemberian 60 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha dan serapan hara K tertinggi padaperlakuan 120 kg KCl/ha.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth, kalium, sumber, dosis, produksi,patchouli alkoholABSTRACTEffect of potassium sources on application yield andquality of patchouliPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an aromatic plant that haslong been cultivated in Indonesia, however its productivity and quality arestill low due to simple cultivation technology, and the development ofdiseases, such as bacterial wilt disease, budog, and pests caused bynematodes. This study aimed at obtaining sources and dosage of potassiumfertilizers to increase plant growth and oil yield of patchouli. The researchwas conducted in Kuningan, West Java, from May to December 2009 andwas arranged using randomized block design, with 9 treatments and 3replicates. There were 9 treatments consisting of : 1) control, 2) 60 kgKCl/ha, 3) 120 kg KCl/ha, 4) 180 kg KCl/ha, 5) 240 kg KCl/ha, 6) 60 kgK 2 SO 4 /ha, 7) 120 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha, 8) 180 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha, and 9) 240 kgK 2 SO 4 /ha. The research results showed that the sources and dosage ofpotassium fertilizers significantly affected growth, fresh herbal yield andpatchouli oil. The best plant growth, dry herbage yield, content and yieldof patchouli oil were obtained from the treatment of 60 kg/ha of KCl orK 2 SO 4 . The highest N and P uptakes were shown by 60 kg K 2 SO 4 /hatreatment and the highest K nutrient uptake was shown by 120 kg KCl/ha.Key words : Pogostemon cablin Benth, potassium, source, dosage, yield,patchouli olcohol
STATUS LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM DAN HASIL RIMPANG TEMUIRENG (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) PADA BEBERAPA DOSIS PEMUPUKAN FOSFAT MONO RAHARDJO; ROSITA SMD; I. DARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2000): September, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n2.2000.44-49

Abstract

Status of cadmium and rhizome yield l/temuireng (Cur¬ cuma aeruginosa Roxb.) at by d fferent dosages phos¬ phatefertilizerCadmium is a heavy metal which is for human being. The concentration of Cd in the soil will increase if phosphate fertilizer is applied, because Cd is available in the sediment rock of phosphate as a raw material for phosphate fertilizer. Recently it is said that simplicia of medicinal crops originated from Asia is contaminated with heavy metals. That contamination mainly derives from Ihe environmental growth. Theefore, the research on the status of Cd in rhizomes Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. due phosphate fertilizer is essential to be conducted. The experiment was conducted in the experimental garden of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from August 1997 - June 1998. The experiment used polybags which were illed with 25 kg Bogor dry latosol soil mixed with I kg of rice husk and 2 kg cattle manue It used randomized block design (RBD) with four replications and ive samples each treatment. The treatments were (I) no NPK; and 8 dosages of TSP, (2)0; (3)2.5; (4)5; (5)7.5; (6)10.0; (7)12.5; (8)15.0; and (9)20.0g/ polybag respectively. Each TSP treatments was added with 1 5 g uea and 19 g KCI/ polybag. The plant wee harvested at 8.5 month after planting. The results of experiments showed that application of2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; 15; and 20 g/polybag of TSP increased dry weight of simplicia from 24.3- 40%. The content of Cd in rhizomes, produced by plant with 5 up to 20 g TSP fertilizer was 1.181 - 2.756 ppm. The Cd content was higher than tolerance limited value as determined by laws of heavy metal in Japan (I ppm) and WHO (0.24 ppm). While fertilizer teatments of 0 and 2.5 g TSP produced rhizomes with Cd content 0.630 - 0.945 ppm, and it is still under tolerance limited value by Japan, but, higher than WHO laws. Due to high Cd content in rhizomes (1.181 - 2.756 ppm), those simplicia can not be used as row material for medicine.
DINAMIKA POPULASI KUTU TEMPURUNG (Coccus viridis) DAN KUTUDAUN (Aphis gossypii) PADA TIGA VARIETAS KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea Arabica) RISMAYANI, RISMAYANI; RUBIYO, RUBIYO; DEWI IBRAHIM, MEYNARTI SARI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 4 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n4.2013.159-166

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam pembibitan kopi arabika di rumah kaca adalahadanya serangan hama kutu tempurung (Coccus viridis) dan kutudaun(Aphis gossypii) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangantanaman. Persaingan dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara dan nutrisi yangberada pada jaringan tanaman kopi dapat menyebabkan tanaman yangterserang menjadi lebih parah bahkan tidak jarang menyebabkan kematiantanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika populasikutu tempurung dan kutudaun pada benih kopi arabika varietas SigararUtang, Kartika, dan S795. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca PusatPenelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan (Puslitbangbun), sejak bulanAgustus 2011 sampai Januari 2012. Jumlah benih kopi arabika yangdiamati sebanyak 200 benih yang terdiri dari varietas S795, Sigarar utang,dan Kartika. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali sebanyaksepuluh kali pengamatan dengan menghitung populasi serangan hama danmembandingkan frekuensi populasi (perkembangan) kutu tempurung (C.viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) dengan metode regresi dan uji t. Darihasil pengamatan, ditemukan 2 jenis populasi hama yaitu populasi kututempurung (C. viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) yang menyerang benihkopi arabika di pembibitan dengan tingkat populasi kutu tempurung (C.viridis) lebih banyak dijumpai dibandingkan dengan populasi kutudaun (A.gossypii) yaitu sebanyak 81,23%. Pada kopi arabika varietas Kartikapaling banyak ditemukan populasi kutu tempurung (C. viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) dibandingkan dengan varietas Sigarar Utang dan S795.Kopi arabika varietas Kartika memiliki percabangan yang agak lentur danmemiliki ruas yang pendek sehingga kutu tempurung (C.viridis) dankutudaun (A. gossypii) lebih senang berinang pada varietas Kartikadibandingkan varietas Sigarar Utang dan S795, karena lebih mudah untukmemperoleh makanannya dengan mengisap cairan yang ada padapercabangannya. Perkembangan populasi C. viridis membentuk garis lurusselama 5 bulan dengan nilai r masing-masing 0,98 pada varietas SigararUtang; 0,98 pada varietas Kartika; dan 0,99 pada varietas S795.Perkembangan populasi A. gossypii membentuk dua buah garis yangbertemu di satu titik dan sebuah garis lurus dengan nilai r masing-masing0,99 pada Sigarar Utang; 0,98 pada varietas Kartika; dan 0,99 padavarietas S795.Kata kunci: Kopi arabika, dinamika populasi, Aphis gossypii, CoccusviridisABSTRACTOne of the main constraints on the growth of coffee seedlings in thegreenhouse is pests lice green scales (Coccus viridis) and Aphids (Aphidsgossypii) that can inhibit the growth of plants. Competition in utilizingnutrients can cause the attacked plants to become more severe, even someplants to be dead. This study aims to determine the population dynamics ofC. viridis and A. gossypii on arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang,Kartika, and S795 varieties. The study was conducted in the greenhouse ofIndonesian Center For Estate Crops Research and Development, fromAugust 2011 to January 2012. 200 seedlings of arabica coffee consisting ofS795, Sigarar Utang, and Kartika varieties were planted in polythene bagsin the greenhouse. Observations were made every two weeks for ten timesthe observations by calculating the pest populations and comparepopulation growth of C. viridis and A. gossypii by regression method and ttest. It was found that mite green scale (C. viridis) population were moredominant than the aphids (A. gossypii) population, with a total populationof green scales (C. viridis) as much as 81.23%. Green scales (C. viridis)and aphids (A. gossypii) were found more abundant in the Kartikaseedlings compared to Sigarar Utang and S795 varieties. It is easier for thepests to obtain their food by sucking the liquid inside in the branches. Thegrowth population of C. viridis forming a straight line for 5 months with rvalues respectively, Sigarar Utang is 0,98; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is0,97. Growth population of A. gossypii forming straight lines with thevalue of r : Sigarar Utang is 0,99; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is 0,99.Key words: Coffea arabica, population dynamics, Aphis gossypii, Coccusviridis
PENAMPILAN BEBERAPA KLON KAPUK SEBAGAI TANAMAN LORONG DENGAN TANAMAN SELA UBI KAYU MOCH. SAHID; MARJANI MARJANI; TEGER BASUKI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n3.2005.123-127

Abstract

ABSTRAKPeningkatan produktivitas kapuk berdampak positif pada pening-katan pendapatan petani dan nilai ekspor. Usaha peningkatan produktivitastanaman kapuk antara lain dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan potensigenetik tanaman. Usaha peningkatan pendapatan petani kapuk selaindengan peningkatan produktivitas tanaman dapat juga dilakukan denganpemanfaatan lahan yang ada di bawahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemperoleh klon-klon kapuk yang sesuai sebagai tanaman lorong dengantanaman sela ubi kayu pada saat tanaman kapuknya masih muda.Penelitian dilakukan di KP Ngemplak, Pati mulai bulan Januari 2002 -Desember 2002. Kapuk ditanam pada bulan Januari 1998. Perlakuanterdiri dari 12 klon harapan kapuk berumur 4 tahun yang di bawahnyaditanami tanaman sela ubi kayu. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari12 klon harapan kapuk sampai umur 4 tahun yang ditanam dengantanaman sela ubi kayu terdapat satu klon harapan kapuk yang sesuai yaituE 22. Klon E 22 yang ditanam bersama dengan tanaman sela ubi kayumemberikan pendapatan tertinggi sebesar Rp 2.999.010 dengan hasilgelondong 1.143,8 kg per ha dan hasil ubi kayu sebesar 13.896 kg per ha.Kata kunci : Kapuk, Ceiba petandra, tanaman lorong, hasil, ubi kayu,tanaman sela, Jawa TengahABSTRACTPerformance of kapok clones as alley crops with cassavaas their cash cropsIncreasing of kapok productivity gives positive impact to farmer’sincome and foreign exchange. One of the efforts to increase kapokproductivity is by genetic potential improvement. Beside increasing theproductivity, farmer’s income could be increased by utilization of landunder kapok trees with cash crops. The objective of this research was tofind out kapok clones having high yield and suitable as alley cropsintercropped with cassava. The activity was conducted at NgemplakExperimental Garden, Pati from January 2002 to December 2002. Kapokclones were planted on January 1998. This research was arranged inrandomized block design with 3 replications. Twelve kapok clones whichwere 4 years old were tested as alley crops with cassava as cash crops. Theresults showed that clone E22 was suitable as alley crop with cassava ascash crops. The yield of the clone was 1,143.8 kg pods per ha and cassavaproduction was 13,896 kg/ha. The combinations of clone E22 as alley cropwith cassava as cash crops gave income to the farmers Rp. 2,999,010 perha.Key words: Kapok, Ceiba petandra, alley crop, yield, cassava, cash crop,Central Java
EFFECTIVITY OF DRYING METHODS TO MINIMIZE AFLATOXIN OF DRIED NUTMEG Sembiring, Bagem BR.; Supriadi, Supriadi; Ediningsih, Ediningsih
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.1-10

Abstract

Indonesian nutmeg export is constrained due to aflatoxin content that exceeds the minimum limit. This study was aimed at examining the effectiveness of three drying types of nutmeg to diminish aflatoxin contamination. The three drying types tested were (a) the rack type house with a source of solar energy heat combined with a kerosene stove fire, (b) the drying bases one meter above the ground with or without a black cloth cover, and (c) the floor drying 5 cm above the ground with or without black cloth cover. Unpeeled nutmegs were dried in the drying racks until they dried (sound when shaken by hand). After that they were. peeled and redried in the same type of dryer. Observation parameters included temperature, humidity, drying time, moisture content, oil content, oleoresin, myristicin, and aflatoxin content. The results showed that the drying time in the house-type drying rack was 51.5 hours, longer than the para-para and drying floor (30 hours). The temperature during drying in the drying house was 35.6-37.310C lower than the other two types of dryers. However, its humidity was the highest (40.71-49.33%). The moisture content of shelled nutmegs and peeled nutmegs from all drying types fulfill the requirements (< 10%). The total aflatoxin contamination in shelled nutmegs and peeled nutmegs was < 3.28 µg/kg, while B1 aflatoxin was < 1.06 µg/kg, so that they fulfilled SNI standard. All three drying types can be recommended to be tested further in field scale.Keywords: Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, drying technology, seed quality.
PENGGUNAAN SELASIH DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA LALAT BUAH PADA MANGGA KARDINAN, AGUS; BINTORO, M.H.; SYAKIR, M.; AMIN, A.A
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.101-109

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumedang pada bulan Januarihingga April 2009 dengan tujuan untuk menggali kearifan lokalpenggunaan selasih dalam pengendalian hama lalat buah. Sumedangmerupakan sentra produksi mangga, sehingga menjadi sumber matapencaharian utama bagi beberapa petani. Lalat buah merupakan hamautama pada komoditas mangga di Sumedang yang mengakibatkankerugian berupa kuantitas dengan rontoknya buah-buahan yang terserangdan berupa kualitas, yaitu busuknya mangga yang terserang. Penelitiandirancang dalam acak kelompok, empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan.Perlakuan terdiri dari pestisida nabati formula petani berupa (1) air sulingselasih, (2) minyak selasih petani, (3) minyak selasih yang diproses diBalittro, (4) atraktan lalat buah yang sudah dikomersialkan (pembanding).Semua formula diteteskan sebanyak 0,25 ml pada gumpalan kapas, kecualiair suling selasih dengan cara mencelupkan kapas ke dalam air sulingnya,kemudian ditempatkan di dalam botol perangkap yang terbuat dari botolminuman air mineral volume 600 ml dan digantungkan pada pohonmangga setinggi 2 m di atas permukaan tanah yang ditempatkan secaraacak. Penempatan perangkap dilakukan pada enam blok kebun yangterpisah dan merupakan ulangan. Aplikasi formula hanya dilakukan satukali, untuk melihat daya tahan masing-masing formula dalam me-merangkap lalat buah di lapangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap mingguterhadap jumlah, jenis dan kelamin lalat buah yang terperangkap sertakandungan bahan aktif pada masing-masing formula dengan menggunakanGas Kromatografi. Aspek sosial ekonomi dilakukan terhadap 30 orangpetani yang diambil secara acak, termasuk pedagang buah dengan carawawancara melalui kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pestisida selasih sebagai atraktan untukmengendalikan hama lalat buah, dapat menurunkan penggunaan pestisidasebanyak 62%, menurunkan tingkat kerusakan buah-buahan sebesar 34%dan meningkatkan hasil sebesar 73%. Air suling selasih dengan kandunganmetil eugenol sebesar 0,46% mampu memerangkap hama lalat buahselama satu minggu, setelah itu perlu aplikasi ulang pada setiapminggunya, sedangkan minyak selasih hasil petani dengan kandunganmetil eugenol sebesar 77,9% mampu memerangkap hama lalat buahselama satu bulan, setara dengan minyak selasih yang diproses di Balittrodengan kandungan metil eugenol sebesar 73,6% dan lebih baik daripadaatraktan lalat buah komersial yang mengandung metil eugenol sebesar75%. Lalat buah yang terperangkap didominasi oleh spesies Bactroceradorsalis (97%) dan sisanya adalah Bactrocera umbrosus (3%) sertadidominasi oleh lalat buah berkelamin jantan.Kata kunci : Ocimum minimum, Bactrocera dorsalis, Mangifera indicaABSTRACTUsing Ocimum spp. on controlling fruit flies on mangoThe objective of the research is to digest indigenous technology(local wisdom) of using botanical pesticide in controlling fruit flies.Research was conducted by evaluating the effectiveness of farmerstechnology (indigenous knowledge) in formulating botanical pesticide forcontrolling fruit flies (fruit flies attractant), compared to fruit fliesattractant formulated in the laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal andAromatic Research Institute (IMACRI) and commercial fruit fliesattractant. Research was arranged by randomized block design, fourtreatments and six replications. Treatments consist of (1) farmerstechnology, i.e. distilled water of basil (Ocimum spp.), (2) farmerstechnology, i.e. essential oil of basil (Ocimum spp.), (3) essential oil ofbasil formulated in IMACRI and (4) commercial attractant. Each formulawas dropped as much as 0.25 ml on cotton bud, except distilled water ofbasil which is applied by dipping the cotton bud into the distilled water,placing it in the trap made from 600 ml volume drinking water, thenhanging it as high as 2 m on the mango tree. Dropping of formula wasdone just one time to evaluate the duration of attractant on trapping fruitflies in the field. Observations were done every week on the number,species, sex ratio of fruit flies trapped, and the duration of attractant abilityon trapping fruit flies in the field. The active ingredient of formula wasanalyzed by Gas Chromatograph conducted in IMACRI. The social andeconomy aspects were done by interviewing the farmers throughquestionnaires. The number of the farmers interviewed were 30 farmers,including the trader of mango. Result showed that indigenous technologyof the farmer was effective and efficient since it can decrease the use ofpesticide as much as 62% and decrease fruit damage as much as 34% andincrease their income as much as 73%. Technology of farmers in the formof distilled water of basil could stand as long as a week on trapping fruitflies, hence its application must be repeated every week. Meanwhile in theform of essential oil could stand for one month and is not significantlydifferent with attractant formulated in IMACRI, even better thancommercial attractant, hence its application can be done every month.Only male fruit flies can be trapped and most of them consist ofBactrocera dorsalis species (97%) and the rest is Bactrocera umbrosusspecies (3%). The active ingredient content (Methyl eugenol – C 12  H 24 O 2 )in the distilled water of basil is 0.43%. Meanwhile in essential oil of thefarmer is 77.9% and in essential oil of IMACRI is 73.6% and incommercial attractant is 75%.Key words : Ocimum minimum, Bactrocera dorsalis, Mangifera indica
PEMURNIAN MINYAK NILAM DAN MINYAK DAUN CENGKEH SECARA KOMPLEKSOMETRI MA’MUN MA’MUN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n1.2008.36-42

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak nilam dan minyak daun cengkeh mempunyai arti pentingdalam ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia, karena kedua jenis minyak atsiritersebut memiliki volume ekspor tertinggi. Sebagian minyak nilam danminyak daun cengkeh dihasilkan dari penyulingan yang masih mengguna-kan ketel penyuling terbuat dari logam besi, sehingga warnanya keruh dangelap. Keadaan tersebut menyebabkan kedua minyak tersebut sulit diteri-ma dalam perdagangan dan harganya lebih rendah. Minyak yang keruhdan gelap karena kontaminasi dari logam besi dapat dimurnikan dengancara kompleksometri, yaitu pengikatan logam menggunakan bahan kimiayang disebut bahan pengkelat (chelating agent). Penelitian pemurnianminyak nilam dan minyak daun cengkeh yang keruh dan gelap telahdilakukan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Hasil Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Obat, Bogor, dari bulan Januari sampai April 2005.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiriatas (1) jenis bahan pengkelat, yaitu etilen diamin tetra asetat (EDTA),asam sitrat dan asam tartarat; (2) konsentrasi pada masing-masingpengkelat terdiri atas 0,50%; 1,0% dan 1,50%; (3) lama waktu pengadukanyaitu 30; 60 dan 90 menit. Penilaian hasil pemurnian didasarkan padatingkat kejernihan minyak (%T), kandungan besi (Fe) dan kandungankomponen utama dalam minyak hasil pemurnian. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa bahan pengkelat, konsentrasi pengkelat maupun lamapengadukan sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kejernihan dankandungan besi dalam minyak hasil pemurnian. EDTA dapat memurnikanminyak nilam dan minyak daun cengkeh lebih baik dibanding asam sitratdan asam tartarat. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi pengkelat serta semakinlama waktu pengadukan dapat meningkatkan kejernihan minyak nilam danminyak daun cengkeh dan menurunkan kandungan besi didalam keduaminyak tersebut. Bahan pengkelat EDTA 1,50% menghasilkan minyakpaling jernih serta kadar Fe paling rendah. Pada minyak nilam kadar Feterendah 17,66 ppm dan pada minyak daun cengkeh 27,16 ppm. Kom-ponen utama dalam minyak nilam yaitu patchouli alkohol dan komponenutama dalam minyak cengkeh yaitu eugenol serta karakteristik lainnyadalam kedua minyak tersebut tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan. Minyaknilam dan minyak daun cengkeh hasil pemurnian tersebut memenuhipersyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon spp., cengkeh, Eugenia aromatica,minyak nilam, minyak daun cengkeh, prosesing, pemurnian,kompleksometri, patchouli alkohol, eugenol, Jawa BaratABSTRACTPatchouly oil and clove leaf oil purification usingcomplexometry methodPatchouly oil and clove leaf oil have the biggest volume in the totalIndonesian essential oil export. Some of the oil is produced using ironmetal distilling apparatus. So that, as the result the oil produced is dirtyand has dark colour. Its quality is low and its price is lower. Purification ofthe dirty and dark oil can be carried out using complexometry method,where the iron metals are attachted by chelating agent chemical to form thecomplex compound. The purification experiment was carried out toevaluate the influence of chelating agents (EDTA, citric acid, tartaric acid)their concentration and duration of mixing on the quality of pure oilproduced. Material used was the crude patchouly oil and clove leaf oilfrom the small distilling industry in Purwokerto, Central Java. Theexperiment used a completely randomized design, arranged factoriallywith three replications. Parameters used for evaluating the effect of thetreatment were the clearness of the oil, iron (Fe) content, and the maincomponent (patchouly alcohol in patchouly oil, eugenol in clove leaf oil)of oil produced. Experiment was conducted in the Postharvest TechnologyLaboratory, Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, fromJanuary to April 2005. The result of the experiment showed that the bestpurification method is using EDTA chelating agent of 1.50% concen-tration. Such a purification method produced the clearest oil and the lowestiron content in purified patchouly oil and clove leaf oil. Meanwhile, themain component content and other characteristics of both oil were notaffected by the treatment. Patchouly oil and clove leaf oil of thepurification method meet the Indonesian National Standard.Key words: Patchouly, Pogostemon spp., patchouly oil, clove, Eugeniaaromatica,  clove  leaf  oil,  processing,  purification,complexometry, patchouli alcohol, eugenol, West Java
PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TUMPANGSARI WIJEN DAN PALAWIJA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN . NURHERU; HADI SUDARMO; . YASIN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.131-134

Abstract

Penelitian pengembangan usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija pada kawasan hutan dilaksanakan di KPH Saradan, Madiun mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kasus, betujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengembangkan sistem usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija di kawasan hutan jati seta meningkatkan pendapatan petani penggarap di lahan Perhutani. Penelitian menggunakan areal hutan jati muda yang baru berumur 3 tahun seluas 10 ha milik Perum Perhutani kcrjasama dengan petani penggarap. Jumlah petani binaan (kooperator) sebanyak 36 orang masing-masing memiliki luas garapan 0.25 - 0.5 ha. Lahan garapan petani dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, satu bagian ditanami wijen + ubi kayu, sedangkan sisanya ditanami ubi kayu t jagung. Paket tcknologi yang ditawarkan pada petani terdiri atas penggunaan varietas unggul wijen, benih bcrmutu, tanam tepat waktu, penjarangan disisakan 2 tanaman/lubang, pemberian pupuk tepat jenis, dosis dan saat pemberiannya, serta penyiangan dilakukan sesuai keadaan gulma. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah penggunaan sarana produksi (benih, pupuk dan pestisida) beseta harganya, penggunaan (cnaga kerja keluarga dan luar keluarga beserta tingkat upah, produksi wijen dan palawija beserta harga jualnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : komponen tcknologi yang diterima dan dilaksanakan oleh petani adalah varietas unggul wijen Sumberrejo-1, benih wijen bcrmutu, waktu tanam wijen, dosis dan cara pemupukan serta penyiangan gulma. Teknologi anjuran yang belum diterima petani adalah pemupukan petama bersamaan tanam dan penjarangan tanaman wijen. Pada tumpangsari wijen + ubi kayu diperoleh rata-rata produksi wijen 657 kg dan ubi kayu basah 3 210 kg per ha. Pada tumpangsari jagung + ubi kayu diperoleh produksi jagung I 220 kg pipilan kering dan ubikayu basah 3 350 kg per ha. Pendapatan usahatani wijen + ubi kayu sebesar Rp 1 124 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 1.40, sedangkan usahatani ubi kayu + jagung mengalami kerugian Rp 424 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 0.88.Kata kunci: Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., pendapatan petani, usahatani ABSTRACT Development of intercropping sesame and palawija in forest areaDevelopment research of sesame intercropping was conducted in KPH Saradan forest area, Madiun from March to December 2001. The research used 10 ha of 3 years old hardwood tree forest area. There were 36 farmers involved, each of them had 0.25 - 0.5 ha (o work on. The land was divided in(o 2 pats, one pat was planted with sesame and cassava, while the other pat was planted with cassava and com. The technology offered to the farmer consisted of: the use of superior variety, good seed, on schedule plantation, thinning up to 2 plants/hole, proper fetilizer, proper dose and application, and weeding. Parameters observed consisted of production input (i.e. seeds, fetilizer and pesticide) with the price, use of family worker and outside family worker with the salary rate, sesame and palawija production with their selling prices. The result showed that the technology accepted by the farmer was Sumberrejo 1 superior sesame variety, superior sesame seed, schedule of seed planting, fetilizer dossage and application, and weeding. The recommended technology that was not accepted yet by (he farmers was first fertilizer application at planting time and thinning of sesame. Area of sesame intercropped with cassava produced 657 kg of sesame and 3 210 kg of cassava per ha. Area of cassava intercropped with com produced 3 350 kg of cassava and 1 220 kg of com per ha. There was a profit of Rp 1 124 000 per ha in sesame + cassava intercropping with B/C ratio 1.40, while there was a financial lost of Rp 424 000 every ha in cassava + com intercropping with B/C ratio 0.88.Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L„ farmer's income, intercropping
KEANEKARAGAMAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) PADA RIZOSFER TANAMAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) HARTOYO, BUDI; GHULAMAHDI, M.; DARUSMAN, L.K.; AZIZ, S.A.; MANSUR, I.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n1.2011.32-40

Abstract

ABSTRAKDefisiensi hara fosfor (P) menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalamsistem produksi pertanian di Indonesia yang umumnya diusahakan padatanah-tanah masam. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA)merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan padatanah masam, karena FMA dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur Pdan unsur hara lainnya dari dalam tanah. Untuk mempelajari potensi FMA,hal pertama yang harus diketahui adalah keanekaragaman dari organismetersebut. Dengan adanya data tentang keanekaragaman FMA, maka dapatdilakukan seleksi guna mendapatkan isolat FMA yang potensial danefektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanamanpegagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasijenis-jenis FMA pada rizosfer tanaman pegagan. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan Januari sampai Agustus 2008. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukanpada tiga lokasi pertanaman pegagan di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri,Sukamulya, dan Cicurug, sedangkan isolasi, identifikasi, dan pemerang-kapan spora dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemerangkapan diperoleh 2 genus (Glomusdan Acaulospora) pada contoh tanah di KP Gunung Putri, 3 genus(Glomus, Acaulospora dan Scutellospora) di KP Sukamulya, dan 2 genus(Glomus dan Acaulospora) di KP Cicurug. Setelah dilakukan trappingjenis FMA, di KP Gunung Putri didapatkan 5 jenis FMA (4 tipe Glomusdan 1 tipe Acaulospora), di KP Sukamulya terdapat 5 jenis FMA (3 tipeGlomus, 1 tipe Acaulospora, dan 1 tipe Scutellospora), dan di KP Cicurugterdapat 4 jenis FMA (3 tipe Glomus dan 1 tipe Acaulospora).Keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer pertanaman pegagan cukup beragamdan berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan,khususnya ketersediaan dan serapan hara P.Kata kunci : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, keanekaragaman, fungimikoriza arbuskula (FMA), pegaganABSTRACTArbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) diversity on asiaticpennywort Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) rhizosphereDeficiency of phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors ofagricultural production system in Indonesia which is generally managed onacid soils. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of thealternative solutions on acid soils problem, because of its ability to take upP and other nutrients from soils. The first concern which must be studied isdiversity of the organism. Data on AMF diversity obtained is useful toselect potential and effective AMF by increasing plant growth andproduction of asiatic pennywort. The aim of this research was to isolateand identify types of AMF in asiatic pennywort rhizosphere. The experi-ment was conducted from January until August 2008. Soil samples weretaken from three locations of asiatic pennywort plantations i.e. GunungPutri, Sukamulya, and Cicurug experimental stations. Isolation, identifi-cation, and trapping of spore were conducted at the Eco-physiology labo-ratory and glasshouse of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI), Bogor. The laboratory results of soil sam-ples before trapping showed that there were two genus of AMF spores(Glomus and Acaulospora) in the samples from Gunung Putri, three genus(Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) from Sukamulya, and twogenus (Glomus and Acaulospora) from Cicurug. After trapping, it wasidentified that the soil samples from Gunung Putri, Sukamulya, andCicurug contained five AMF species (four types of Glomus and one typeof Acaulospora), five AMF species (three types of Glomus, one type ofAcaulospora and Scutellospora), and four AMF species (three types ofGlomus and one type of Acaulospora) from Cicurug. Diversity of AMFvariety can be utilized to get potential to increase the efficiency offertilizer, specifically availability and uptake of nutrient P.Key words : Centella  asiatica  (L.)  Urban,  diversity,  ArbuscularMycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), asiatic pennywort

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