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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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ANALISIS KOMPONEN HASIL VANILI ALOR PADA BEBERAPA AGROEKOLOGI DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR HANDI SUPRIADI; M. HADAD E.A; EDI WARDIANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.142-150

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) dapat tumbuh padadaerah beriklim kering, seperti di daerah Kabupaten Alor denganketinggian tempat 0-1500 m dpl. Namun demikian, pertumbuhan danproduksinya diduga akan bervariasi bergantung pada perbedaan kondisiagroklimat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pertumbuhanvegetatif, generatif, dan komponen hasil tanaman vanili lokal Alor didaerah beriklim kering. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah beriklim kering,Kabupaten Alor,  Nusa  Tenggara  Timur,  pada  tiga  lokasi  denganketinggian tempat 25-825 m dpl., jenis tanah Inceptisol, dan tipe iklim F(Scmidht dan Ferguson), pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2009.Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi terhadap populasi tanaman vaniliyang ditanam pada tiga lingkungan tumbuh yang berbeda berdasarkanketinggian tempat dari permukaan laut: (1) agroklimat dataran rendah(ketinggian 25 m dpl), (2) dataran medium (425 m dpl), dan (3) datarantinggi (825 m dpl). Peubah yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan vegetatif,generatif, dan komponen hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktoragroklimat berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan komponen hasiltanaman vanili. Pada ketinggian 825 m dpl, tanaman vanili menghasilkanpertumbuhan generatif dan komponen hasil vanili lebih baik, namunsebaliknya untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif. Kondisi iklim mikro, terutamaintensitas cahaya matahari, suhu udara, dan unsur hara tanah didugamenjadi penyebab perbedaan tersebut.Kata kunci: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, varietas lokal Alor, ketinggiantempat, pertumbuhan, komponen hasilABSTRACTVanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) plants can grow in dryclimates such in Alor Regency from altitude of 0-1500 m above sea level.However, their growth and production may vary depending on thedifference in agroclimatic condition. The objective of the research was toanalyze the growth of vegetative, generative, and yield components ofAlor’s vanilla in dry climates. This research was conducted in the dryclimates, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, at those locations 25-825 mabove sea level (asl) altitude, in Inceptisol type of soil and F type ofclimate (Scmidht and Ferguson), from January until December 2009. Thestudy was undertaken based on observation method on the vanillapopulation grown in three different agroclimatic condition, with altitudes:(1) 25 m asl; (2) 425 m asl, and (3) 825 m asl. Variables measured includethe growth of vegetative, generative, and yield components characters. Theresearch showed that at 825 m asl vanilla produces better for generativeand yield components, and vice versa for vegetative growth. Microclimateconditions, soil nutrition, light intensity, and temperature, may be thecause of these differences.Key words: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, local variety of Alor, altitude,growth, yield components
POPULASI DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) DAN Aspidomorpha miliaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) PADA TANAMAN YLANG-YLANG ADRIA ADRIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.77-82

Abstract

ABSTRAKYlang-ylang (Canangium odoratum forma guneina) adalah salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang tidak luput dari seranganserangga hama diantaranya Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) danAspidomorpha miliaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sehubungan denganitu telah dilakukan penelitian tentang populasi dan intensitas serangankedua hama tersebut di Kebun Percobaan Balittro Laing Solok mulai bulanJanuari sampai Desember 2008. Dipergunakan 30 tanaman ylang-ylangumur 4 tahun sebagai contoh. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap bulan denganparameter padat populasi (telur, larva, pupa dan imago) dan intensitasserangan. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan skala rumah kaca untukmengetahui siklus hidup dan kebutuhan makan. Dari hasil penelitiandiketahui padat populasi A. miliaris dan A. atlas pada tanaman Ylang-ylang mencapai 40,94 dan 30,86 ekor/tan, terdiri dari populasi larva, pupa,dan imago masing-masing sebesar 26,70; 8,02; dan 6,22 ekor/tan pada A.miliaris dan 21,97; 5,21; dan 3,68 ekor/tan pada A. atlas, serta populasitelur 11,24 ootheca/tan pada jenis A. miliaris dan 15,54 butir/tan pada A.atlas. Distribusi telur, larva dan imago paling banyak terdapat pada sektortengah tajuk tanaman, sedangkan pupa paling banyak terdapat pada sektorbawah. Intensitas serangan kedua jenis serangga mencapai 48,76% dengankontribusi serangan larva 100% (24,12%/tan) pada A. atlas dan 78,73%(19,40%/tan) pada jenis A. miliaris.Kata Kunci : Attacus atlas, Aspidomorpha miliaris, populasi, intensitasserangan, ylang-ylang, Canangium odoratum forma guneinaABSTRACTPopulation and pest attack intensity of Attacus atlas(Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) and Aspidomorpha miliaris(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in Ylang-ylang plantYlang-ylang plant (Canangium odoratum forma guneina) thatproduces essential oil doesn’t escape from the pest attack, for exampleAttacus atlas (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) and Aspidomorpha miliaris(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). In relation with the event, the researchconcerns the population and the attack intensity of the pest in KP BalittroLaing Solok had been carried out from January until December 2008,using 30 Ylang-ylang plants of 4 years age as samples. The observationwas done every month with population density parameter (egg, larvae,pupae and imago) and attack intensity. Besides that, a greenhouseobservation was also conducted to know the length of lifecycle and foodconsumption. From the research, it was found that the population of A.atlas and A. miliaris in the Ylang-ylang plant reached 40.94 and 30.86 perplant, consisting of 26.70 larvae, 8.02 pupae, and 6.22 imago populationsof A. atlas, and 21.97 larvae, 5.21 pupae, and 3.68 imago populations of A.miliaris per plant. There were also found egg populations of 11.24ootheca/plant of A. miliaris and 15.54 grain/plant of A. atlas. Thedistribution of egg, larvae, and imago were mostly found in middle sectorof plant. Meanwhile, the pupae were found mostly in bottom sector. Theattack intensity of the plants reached 48.76% with larvae attackcontribution of 100% (24.12%/plant) on A. atlas and 78.73%(19.40%/plant) on A. miliaris.Key words: Attacus atlas, Aspidomorpha miliaris, population, attackintensity, ylang-ylang, Canangium odoratum forma guneina
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI BIOFERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF CASHEW SEEDLING O. TRISILAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.150-155

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe effects of several arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on thegrowth, nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and acidphosphate activity of two promising numbers of Anacardium occidentaleseedling were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute(BALITTRO) in 2002 for six months on a randomized design with twofactors and four replicates. First factor was isolate (six isolates of AMFand one control) consisting of : 1) control; 2) Glomus aggregatum; 3)Glomus etunicatum; 4) Mycofer; 5) Glomus sp.; 6) a mixture of Glomussp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomus etunicatum,Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., and Enthropospora sp., and 7)Gigaspora sp. The second factor was two cashew promising numbers :Asembagus and Wonogiri. The results showed that AMF inoculationsignificantly affected the growth of cashew. Mycofer and mixed AMFwere more effective to Wonogiri promising number, while for Asembaguspromising number inoculation of mycofer was more effective. Inoculationwith mycofer to Asembagus promising number increased the uptake of Pand K nutrients by 65 and 53% while inoculation with mycofer and mixedAMF to Wonogiri promising number increased the uptake of N, P and Knutrients by 55, 38, and 17%, and by 18, 31, and 17%. Moreover, theAMF inoculation resulted in higher phosphatase activity. In mycorrhizalAsembagus promising number infected by mixed AMF, the increment ofphosphatase activity was 136.5%, whether in Wonogiri promising numberinfected by mycofer, the increment of phosphatase activity was 80% thancontrol.Key words: Anacardium occidentale, promising number, growth,phosphatase activityABSTRAKPengaruh Pupuk Hayati Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula(FMA) terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Jambu MetePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenisfungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) terhadap pertumbuhan, serapan hara danaktivitas enzim fosfatase dari dua nomor harapan benih jambu mete(Anacardium occidentale). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittropada tahun 2002 selama 6 bulan, menggunakan rancangan acak yangterdiri dari dua faktor dan diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalahisolate (6 jenis isolat FMA dan satu kontrol) yaitu: 1). kontrol; 2). Glomusaggregatum; 3) Glomus etunicatum; 4). Mycofer; 5). Glomus sp.; 6).campuran dari Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomusetunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., Enthropospora sp., dan7). Gigaspora sp. Faktor kedua adalah nomor harapan jambu mete, yaituAsembagus dan Wonogiri. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa inokulasiFMA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan jambu mete. Mycofer dancampuran FMA lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomor harapanWonogiri, sedangkan mycofer lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomorharapan Asembagus. Serapan hara P dan K pada nomor harapanAsembagus yang diinokulasi mycofer meningkat sebesar 65 dan 53%,sedangkan nomor harapan Wonogiri yang diinokulasi mycofer dancampuran FMA, serapan hara N, P, dan K meningkat masing-masingsebesar 55; 38; dan 17%, dan 18; 31; dan 17%. Selain itu, inokulasi FMAdapat meningkatkan aktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete. Peningkatanaktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete nomor harapan Asembagus yangterinfeksi oleh campuran FMA sebesar 136,5%, sedangkan pada nomorharapan Wonogiri yang terinfeksi mycofer, peningkatnnya sebesar 80%dibandingkan kontrol.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, nomor harapan, pertumbuhan,aktivitas fosfatase
PERUBAHAN MUTU LADA HIJAU KERING SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA TIGA MACAM KEMASAN DAN TINGKATAN SUHU BAGEM SOFIANNA SEMBIRING; TATANG HIDAYAT
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.115-124

Abstract

ABSTRAKLada hijau kering adalah salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produklada. Mutu produk dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan baku dan prosespengolahannya. Salah satu kriteria mutu lada hijau kering yang baik adalahwarna hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mutulada hijau kering selama penyimpanan pada berbagai suhu dalam tiga jeniskemasan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen pada tahun 2009. Bahan baku adalah lada hijau kering hasil olahankelompok tani di Desa Sukadana Baru, Lampung Timur. Lada hijau keringdisortir dan ditimbang kemudian dikemas dalam tiga jenis kemasan yaitupolietilen (LDPE), polipropilen (PP), dan aluminium foil. Selanjutnya ladadisimpan pada tiga tingkatan suhu yaitu suhu 20°C dan 30ºC (suhuruangan), dan 40ºC (inkubator). Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 4 bulandan pengamatan dilakukan tiap 2 minggu. Parameter yang diamati yaitukarakteristik bahan dan kemasan, warna (nilai a*), kadar air, kadar minyakatsiri, pH, dan uji organoleptik yang meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, danpenerimaan umum dengan metode skoring. Analisis dilakukan sebanyak 3kali. Pengolahan data nilai organoleptik melalui modus dan median sertaanalisis statistik nonparametrik dari skor yang diberikan oleh panelis. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan jenis kemasan, suhu ruang, dan lamapenyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap mutu lada hijau kering. Karakteristiklada hijau kering sebelum disimpan adalah berwarna hijau dengan nilaia*-1,203, kadar air 7,5%, kadar minyak 3,29%, dan nilai pH 4,7.Perubahan karakteristik lada pada ketiga jenis kemasan terjadi setelahpenyimpanan pada hari ke-84. Jenis kemasan aluminium foil pada ruanganbersuhu 20 0 C dapat mempertahankan warna hijau hingga hari ke-112dengan nilai a*-1,191, kadar air 8,5%, kadar minyak 3%, dan pH 5,7,sedangkan jenis kemasan lainnya hanya dapat mempertahankan mutu ladasampai hari ke-77. Suhu ruang penyimpanan lada hijau kering yang baik20ºC. Jenis kemasan, suhu ruang serta lama penyimpanan lada hijau keringtidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penerimaan panelis, kecuali yangdikemas dengan LDPE 40ºC hanya pada hari ke-84 penyimpanan ladahijau kering sudah tidak disukai oleh panelis karena aromanya sudahberbau apek.Kata kunci : lada hijau kering, mutu, penyimpanan, suhu, jenis kemasanABSTRACTDehydrated green pepper is one type of pepper productdiversification. Product quality is influenced by the quality of rawmaterials and processing. One of quality criteria is color, where good colorof dried pepper is green. This study aimed at determining changes in thequality of dehydrated green pepper during storage at various temperaturelevels and packaging materials. The study was conducted at the Laboratoryof Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development in 2009.The raw material was dehydrated pepper produced by farmers’ group atSukadana Baru Village, East Lampung. Dehydrated green pepper wassorted and weighed and then packed in three types of packaging material:polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and aluminum foil.Subsequently they  were  stored  in three types  of roomcondition/temperature: air-conditioned room (temperature 20°C), roomtemperature (30°C), and incubator (40°C). They were stored for 4 monthswith observation interval of 2 weeks. Observational parameters were thecharacteristics of raw and packaging materials color (a* value), moisturecontent, volatile oil content, pH, and organoleptic tests which includedcolor, flavour, aroma, and 3 general acceptances by scoring methodanalyses. Organoleptic values were processed through modus and medianand non parametric statistical analysis of scores given by panelists. Resultsshowed that the type of packaging material, temperature levels, andstorage duration affected the quality of dehydrated green pepper.Characteristics of dehydrated green pepper before storage were greencolor with a* value -1203, 7.5% water content, 3.29% volatile oil contentand 4.7 pH value. Pepper characteristic changes occured in all threepackaging types after 84 days. Aluminium foil retained the green color upto 112 days of storage at room temperature of 20ºC with a* value -1.191,8.5% water content, 3% oil content, and 5.7 pH value, whereas otherpackaging types were and able to retain pepper quality until the 77 th day.Type of packaging and room temperature storage period of dehydratedgreen pepper did not significantly affect panelists reception, except thosepackaged with LDPE 40ºC after 84 days storage of dehydrated greenpepper is not liked by the panelists because of its musty aroma.Key words : dehydrated green pepper, storage, temperature, packagingtypes, quality
PENGGUNAAN MINYAK SOLAR DAN SINAR SURYA PADA PENGOVENAN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SAMSURI TIRTOSASTRO; ABI DWI HASTOMO; SOEBANDI SOEBANDI; DARMONO DARMONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2001): Maret, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n1.2001.24-30

Abstract

The use of diesel-oil and solar energy as an alternative energyfor Virginia tobacco curingThe use of diesel oil and solar energy in the curing on Virginia tobacco was studied in two steps, i.e., the laboratory experiment al Ihe Research Institute for Tobacco and fiber Crop Malang and ield experiment (economic scale) in East Lombok, NIB. The study was conducted from July to September 1998. The laboratory experiment was aimed at evaluating the effect of diesel oil on (he aroma of cured leaves. Results showed that there was no Strange aroma of Ihe cured-leaves, as the effect of diesel-oil burning Ihe experiment using economic scale curing-bani indicated that the diesel-oil consumption was 0 76 l/kg krosok and if flat-plate solar collector was constructed as a roof, consumption decreased 7.84% which was equal with 0.06 l/kg krosok or 2.574 kJ/kg krosok. Economic analyses showed that using diesel-oil and flat-plate solar collector as a energy source gave a proit chance and an ability to pay the 18%/year of the capital interest, with B/C ratio -1.74, NPV=Rp 45 340 131, and IRR-52 93%. If only diesel-oil was used, it gave a lower proit with B/C ratio=l.77, NPV=Rp 46 425 215. and IRR=53.19%. The increase in the diesel-oil price up to Rp I 500/1 would give a profit chance and an ability lo pay the capital interest, with the B/C ratio = 1.487 and 1 .490. with IRR = 52.67% dan 52 99%, for curing the tobacco leaves with diesel-oil and solar collector, and with diesel-oil only, respectively.
POSISI CONTOH DAUN UNTUK ANALISIS STATUS FOSFOR (P) PADA BIBIT JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) DAN KADAR P TERSEDIA PADA DAERAH PERAKARANNYA A ARIVIN RIVAIE; ELNA KARMAWATI; RUSLI RUSLI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n4.2008.125-130

Abstract

ABSTRAKStatus P pada tanaman dapat diduga dengan menganalisis kadar Ppada daun, karena daun merupakan suatu bagian tanaman yang sangataktif. Untuk itu, diperlukan informasi posisi daun yang sesuai untukdijadikan contoh daun untuk analisis status P tanaman. Percobaan inibertujuan untuk menentukan posisi daun yang sesuai untuk analisis statusP dan mempelajari perbedaan antara kadar P tersedia di tanah dan dirhizosphere, serta hubungannya dengan kadar P daun bibit jarak pagar.Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempahdan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat,pada September 2006 sampai dengan Juli 2007, disusun dalam rancanganacak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 (tiga) ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiriatas 20 tanaman. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah: (a) daun ke-1 atau daunyang terletak tepat di bawah kuncup daun yang belum mekar sempurna,(b) daun ke-2 atau daun yang terletak setelah/di bawah daun ke-1, (c) daunke-3, dan (d) daun ke-4. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar P daun (%),kadar P tersedia di tanah dan rhizosphere yang diukur dengan metodeBray-1 P. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun ke-2 adalah posisidaun yang sesuai sebagai contoh daun untuk analisis status P pada bibitjarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Kadar P di rhizosphere lebih rendahdaripada kadar P di tanah (Bray-1P) yang jauh dari akar jarak pagar. Padadaun ke-2, keeratan hubungan yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien regresi (R2)antara kadar Bray-1 P di rhizosphere dan kadar P daun jarak pagar (R2 =0.394) lebih tinggi daripada hubungan antara kadar Bray-1 P di tanah dankadar P daun (R2 = 0.371), sehingga untuk keperluan menggambarkanketersediaan P tanah atau untuk melihat hubungan P tanah tersedia dengankadar ataupun serapan P tanaman jarak pagar, akan lebih tepat bila contohtanah yang diambil berasal dari rhizosphere akar tanaman.Kata kunci: Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), posisi daun, status P, Ptanah tersediaABSTRACTDetermination of leaf sample position for analysis of Pstatus in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seedlings andthe available P in the root zoneStatus of P in plants can be quantified by analyzing concentrationsof the nutrient in leaf as the leaf is the most active plant part. For this,information on appropriate leaf position as samples for analysis of P statusin the plants is needed. A research was conducted with aims to determinean appropriate leaf position of physic nut seedlings and to studydifferences between the concentrations of available P (Bray-1 P) in thebulk soil and the rhizosphere, along with their relationships with theconcentrations of leaf P. The experiment was carried out in a glasshouse ofIndonesian Spices and Other Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sukabumi, West Java, from September 2006 to July 2007. The experimentwas arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications.Each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants. The treatments were: (a) 1stleaf or a leaf located exactly below the shoot, (b) 2nd leaf or a leaf locatedbelow the 1st leaf, (c) 3rd leaf, and (d) 4th leaf. All the leaves were takenfrom the primary branch of the plants. Parameters measured were Pconcentrations in the leaf, P concentrations in the bulk soil and therhizosphere (Bray-1 P). The results showed that the 2nd leaf position wasthe appropriate leaf position to be taken as samples for the leaf analysis ofP status in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seedlings. The concentrationsof Bray-1 P in the rhizosphere were lower than that in the bulk soil, whichis further away from the roots. The R2 values for the relationships betweenthe Bray-1 P concentrations in the rhizosphere and the the 2nd leaf Pconcentrations were higher than that between the Bray-1 P concentrationsin the bulk soil and the 2nd leaf P concentrations, hence, for the objectivesto show the soil P availability or to show the relationships between theavailable soil P and the concentrations or the P uptake by the physic nut, itwill be more accurate if the soil samples are taken from the rhizosphere.Key words: Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), leaf position, P status,available soil P
PENGARUH JAMU HERBAL SEBAGAI ANTIKOKSIDIA PADA AYAM PEDAGING YANG DIINFEKSI Eimeria tenella ENING WIEDOSARI; SHINTA SUHIRMAN; BAGEM BR SEMBIRING
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n1.2014.9-16

Abstract

ABSTRAK
KARAKTER FISIK DAN FISIOLOGIS JENIS RIMPANG SERTA KO RELASINYA DENGAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) MELATI MELATI; SATRIYAS ILYAS; ENDAH RETNO PALUPI; ANAS D SUSILA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.89-98

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam produksi jahe putih  besar (Zingiber treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, control (2-3 vegetative officinale Rosc.) adalah tingginya kebutuhan benih yaitu sekitar 2 juta ton buds), mother rhizome, primary rhizome, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary per ha. Efisiensi penggunaan benih tanaman telah dilakukan melalui penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter awal rimpang yang berhubungan/berkorelasi dengan viabilitas benih rimpang dan peluang perbanyakan jahe dengan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Agustus 2014. Benih tanaman berasal dari jahe putih besar yang dipanen pada umur 9 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu lima jenis rimpang  yaitu kontrol (2-3 propagul), rimpang induk, rimpang primer, rimpang sekunder, dan rimpang tersier. Pengamatan karakteristik awal rimpang/mutu fisik (bobot, diamater, panjang dan kekerasan) dilakukan terhadap masing-masing jenis rimpang. Mutu kimia meliputi kadar pati, kadar serat, kadar air, kandungan hormon GA3 dan hormon IAA serta laju respirasi. Peubah yang diamati untuk menduga viabilitas benih yaitu daya tumbuh yang diukur 1 BST (bulan setelah tanam). Viabilitas potensial benih yaitu tinggi tunas,  jumlah  tunas,  jumlah  daun,  bobot  kering  tunas,  bobot  basah rimpang, bobot kering rimpang, panjang akar bobot kering akar diamati pada 1,5  BST.  Data  awal (karakter  fisik  dan  fisiologis  rimpang) dikorelasikan dengan viabilitas benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  kadar  pati  berkorelasi  positif  dengan  viabilitas  benih (daya tumbuh).  Viabilitas  benih  berkorelasi  negatif  dengan  karakter  fisik rimpang (bobot, kekerasan, dan diameter). Rimpang induk mempunyai kadar pati dan kekerasan yang tinggi. Kontrol yang selama ini digunakan sebagai   kriteria   benih   mempunyai   daya   tumbuh   rendah.   Efisiensi penggunaan rimpang dapat dilakukan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang (satu propagul). Rimpang induk, primer, sekunder dan  tersier yang terdiri atas satu propagul dengan bobot rimpang antara 20 dan 40 g dapat digunakan sebagai sumber benih.Kata kunci:  Zingiber  officinale  Rosc,  efisiensi  benih,  jenis  rimpang, korelasi, viabilitas benih Correlation Among Physical, Physiological Characters of Rhizome Type and Viability of Large White Ginger (Zingiber officinale     Rosc.)ABSTRACTOne  of the problems  in the  large white ginger  production  of (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is high requirement for seed rhizome (± 2 ton per ha). Efficiency of propagation material has been carried out through research that aims to determine the initial character of rhizome related to seed viability of ginger rhizome and opportunity’s of propagation using one type of rhizome. This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse  and laboratory of  Seed Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops,  Bogor from May 2014 to August 2014. The plant material derived from a large white ginger is harvested 9 months after planting. The design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary rhizomes. Observations  baseline  characteristics  of  rhizomes  /physical characters (weight, diameter, length and hardness) carried out on each type of rhizome. Physiological characters (starch content, fiber content, water content, GA3, IAA and respiration rate). Viability (growth ability) was observed at 1 MAP (month after planting). Potential viability (sprout height,  number  of  shoots,  number  of  leaves,  dry  weight  of  shoots, rhizomes wet weight, dry weight of rhizomes, root length root dry weight) were observed at 1.5 MAP. The physical, physiological characters and viability observations were subjected to correlation. The  results  showed  that starch  content  positive  significant correlation with viability (growth   ability).   Viability was   negative significant  correlation  with physical character  of rhizome (weight, hardness, and diameter). Mother rhizome has high starch content and high hardness.  Efficiency of seeds can be done by using single rhizome (one propagule) as propagation material, with rhizome weight ± 20 - 40g.Keywords:  Zingiber  officinale  Rosc,  seed  efisiensi,    rhizome  type, correlation, viability
PENGARUH FILTRAT BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP MORTALITAS, PENETASAN TELUR DAN POPULASI NEMATODA PELUKA AKAR Pratylenchus brachyurus PADA NILAM RITA HARNI; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; MEITY S. SINAGA; GIYANTO GIYANTO; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n1.2010.43-47

Abstract

ABSTRAKPratylenchus brachyurus merupakan salah satu patogen utama padatanaman nilam di Indonesia. Pengendalian yang banyak dilakukan petanisaat ini adalah menggunakan pestisida sintetik. Penggunaan pestisidasintetik yang terus menerus merupakan ancaman terhadap lingkungan, dankesehatan manusia. Bakteri endofit mungkin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaisalah satu teknik pengendalian nematoda yang ramah lingkungan karenabakteri endofit dapat menghasilkan racun yang toksik terhadap nematoda.Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat pengaruh kultur filtrat bakteri endofitterhadap mortalitas nematoda, penetasan telur dan perkembangannematoda di dalam akar nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium danRumah kaca Hama dan Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik Bogor, dari bulan Januari sampai April 2008 menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Filtrat bakteri dibuat dengan caramenumbuhkan bakteri endofit pada media TSB selama 48 jam, kemudiandisentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 7.000 rpm selama 15 menit. Filtratdisaring dengan milipore berdiameter 0,22 µm, selanjutnya filtrat diujipada nematoda in vitro dan rumah kaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa filtrat dapat membunuh nematoda dalam waktu 24 jam dengannilai LC 50 sebesar 7,709%. Bakteri endofit isolat TT2 dan EH11memperlihatkan daya bunuh paling tinggi yaitu 91-100%. Di samping itufiltrat bakteri endofit juga dapat menekan penetasan telur nematoda 48,5-74,6% dibanding dengan kontrol. Namun hanya filtrat bakteri endofitisolat EH11 yang nyata dapat menekan populasi nematoda di dalam akarnilam dengan tingkat penekanan sebesar 81,3%.Kata kunci : Pratylenchus brachyurus, bakteri endofit, kultur filtrat,Pogostemon cablinABSTRACTEffect of culture filtrates endophytic bacteria on themortality, hatching eggs and population of root lesionnematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus on patchouliRoot lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) is an importantpathogen of patchouli in Indonesia and causes significant losses. Controlsystem that are done today is using synthetic pesticides. The use ofsynthetic pesticides is a continuing threat to the environment and humanhealth. However, endophytic bacterial culture filtrates may be used as oneof the nematode control that is environmentally friendly. Effect of culturefiltrates endophytic bacteria on the mortality, hatching eggs and populationroot lesion nematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus on patchouli has beendone in vitro and greenhouse. The results showed that the culture filtrate ofendophytic bacteria produced metabolite toxic to nematodes and wereable to kill P. brachyurus 100% within 24 hours with LC 50 7.709%. TT2and EH11 isolates showed high killing power of 91-100%. The culturefiltrates also inhibited hatching of P. brachyurus eggs compared withcontrols. Not all culture filtrates can suppress the nematode population inthe roots of patchouli. EH11 isolates filtrate really pressing nematodepopulations compared to other isolates.Key words: Pratylenchus brachyurus, culture filtrate, endophyticbacteria, Pogostemon cablin
PENGARUH BIOREGULATOR SERTA PUPUK N TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAUN DAN INFESTASI Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA) PADA KAPAS INDRAYANI, IGAA.; T.K., FITRININGDYAH; SOHRI, M.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 2 (2011): Juni 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n2.2011.60-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKTeknik pengendalian Amrasca biguttula yang paling efektif belumtersedia hingga saat ini. Penggunaan varietaspun belum ada yang benar-benar tahan terhadap hama ini karena keterbatasan aksesi kapas yangmembawa gen ketahanan. Sementara itu penggunaan pupuk N danbioregulator sering diaplikasikan untuk pertumbuhan, sedangkan peng-gunaan keduanya erat hubungannya dengan serangan serangga hama.Penelitian pengaruh bioregulator mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolserta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologi daun dan infestasi Amrascabiguttula dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat di Karangploso, Malang, mulai April - September2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh mepiquatkhlorida dan paclobutrazol serta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologidaun dan infestasi A. biguttula pada tiga galur/varietas kapas. Perlakuanterdiri atas bioregulator sebagai petak utama, yaitu: (1) mepiquat khlorida,(2) paclobutrazol, dan (3) tanpa bioregulator (kontrol). Sebagai anak petakdigunakan dua dosis pupuk N, yaitu: (1) 90 kg N/ha dan (2) 120 kg N/ha.Sedangkan anak-anak petaknya adalah dua galur baru kapas, yaitu: (1)99022/1 dan (2) 99023/5, dan (3) Kanesia 8. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan petak terbagi dua kali (split-split plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.Parameter yang diamati untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadapkarakteristik morfologi daun adalah: panjang tulang daun, kerapatan danpanjang bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina daun, sedangkan terhadapinfestasi A. biguttula dilakukan pengamatan jumlah nimfa pada tanaman dilapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan interaksiantar perlakuan yang diaplikasikan, pengaruh bioregulator dan pupuk Npada tanaman kapas menyebabkan perubahan karakteristik morfologi daun.Mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazol dapat memperpendek tulang daunsekitar 4,0-6,6% dan meningkatkan kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun danlamina daun masing-masing sebesar 10-11% dan 4,0-8,7% dibandingdengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N dengan dosis 120 kg N/hamengurangi kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina masing-masingsebesar 8,9% dan 9,7%. Penggunaan mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolmenurunkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil (4,9%) maupun instarbesar (0,31%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N padadosis 120 kg N/ha meningkatkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecilmaupun besar masing-masing sebesar 4,5% dan 21,3% dari jumlah nimfapada perlakuan dosis 90 kg N/ha. Galur 99022/1 dan 99023/5 mempunyaikerapatan bulu pada lamina daun lebih tinggi (288,06 dan 253,50helai/cm 2 ) dibanding pada Kanesia 8 (248,28 helai/cm 2 ). Jumlah nimfa A.biguttula instar kecil pada kedua galur (99022/1 dan 99023/5) rata-ratalebih rendah (6,37 dan 6,63 ekor/5 tanaman) dibanding pada Kanesia 8(6,87 ekor/5 tanaman). Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah (a) pemilihangalur harapan atau varietas kapas dapat didasarkan pada morfologi daun(kerapatan bulu pada lamina daun), (b) kombinasi antar penggunaan pupukN sesuai rekomendasi dan bioregulator dapat pula menurunkan serangan A.biguttula.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat khlorida,paclobutrazol, Amrasca biguttula, instar, nimfa, galur,varietas, lamina daunABSTRACTEffects of bioregulator and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and Amrascabiguttula infestationUp to now effective method for controlling cotton jassid (A.biguttula) has not been available yet. Resistant varieties so far can be usedto reduce the cotton jassid infestation. Cotton plant usually needs nitrogenfertilizer for optimal growth but sometimes the dosage used is higher thanrecommendation. In certain case bioregulator was applied to limit thevegetative growth. As known nitrogen fertilizer and bioregulatorassociated with insect pest infestation. Study on effects of bioregulator(mepiquat chloride and pachlobutrazole) and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation wasconducted at Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute (IToFCRI) at Karangploso from April to October 2010.The objective of the study was to find out the effects of mepiquat chloride,pachlobutrazole, and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characters ofcotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation. Treatments consisted of threefactors. Factor A : bioregulator (mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazole, andcontrol), factor B : dosage of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (90 and 120 kg/ha),and factor C : cotton cultivar/variety (99022/1; 99023/5; and Kanesia 8).The experiment was arranged using split-split plot with three replicates.Data recorded were mid vein length, hair density on mid vein and lamina,hair length on lamina, and number of A. biguttula nymph. Results showedthat application of bioregulator and N fertilizer altered some morpho-logical characters of cotton leaf. Mepiquat chloride and paclobutrazoleshortened mid vein length by 4.0-6.6%, increased hair density of both midvein and leaf lamina by 10-11% and 4.0-8.7%, respectively, whencompared to control. When applied 120 kg/ha, N fertilizer decreased hairdensity on mid vein by 8.9% and leaf lamina by 9.7% compared to lowerdosage (90 kg N/ha). When compared to control, application of mepiquatchloride dan paclobutrazole reduced number of both small instar (4.9%)and big instar (0.31%) of A. biguttula nymph. Higher dosage (120 kg/ha)of N fertilizer increased population of small and big nymphs of A.biguttula by 4.5 and 21.3%, respectively, compared to lower one (90kg/ha). Leaf hair density was higher on cultivar 99022/1 (288.06hairs/cm 2 ) and 99023/5 (253.50 hairs/cm 2 )than that of Kanesia 8 (248.28hairs/cm 2 ). Nymph population of small instar was lower on 99022/1 and99023/5 (6.37 and 6.63 nymphs) compared to Kanesia 8 (6.87 nymphs).The implication of the reseach is the selection of cotton accession is basedon the morphology of cotton leaf, combined with the use of recommendedN fertilizer and paclobutrazole.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat chloride,paclobutrazole, Amrasca biguttula, variety, cultivar, nymph,instar, lamina

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