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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN APEKS TEBU RARA PUSPITA DEWI LIMA WATI; DEDEN SUKMADJAJA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n4.2014.169-178

Abstract

ABSTRAKKultur apeks merupakan salah satu metode alternatif yang dapatdiaplikasikan untuk eliminasi virus. Penguasaan sistem regenerasi apekspasca-perlakuan air panas (Hot Water Treatment/HWT) perlu dilakukansebelum aplikasi teknik eliminasi virus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh suhu dan menentukan perlakuan air panas yangoptimal  untuk  pertumbuhan  apeks  tebu.  Penelitian  dilakukan  diLaboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel danJaringan,  Balai  Penelitian  dan  Pengembangan  Bioteknologi  danSumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor pada Februari sampai Desember2013. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tebu PS864. Terdapat tigatahap percobaan. Rancangan percobaan pada ketiga tahapan tersebutadalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Percobaan pertama adalah HWT secaralangsung terhadap apeks. Percobaan kedua adalah HWT secara tidaklangsung tanpa saringan. Percobaan ketiga adalah HWT secara tidaklangsung dengan saringan. Taraf suhu yang diuji, yaitu 25, 30, 40, 50, dan60°C. Apeks hasil perlakuan tersebut ditanam pada media MS denganpenambahan BA 0,3 ppm. Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya hidup dantumbuh, pembentukan kalus dan akar, serta jumlah tunas. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa apeks mampu bertahan hidup (96%) dan tumbuh (3tunas/eksplan) hingga perlakuan suhu 40°C pada metode pertama. Padametode kedua, eksplan mampu bertahan hidup dan tumbuh hinggaperlakuan suhu 50°C (26,7%, 2 tunas/eksplan). Pada metode ketiga, apekstebu juga dapat tumbuh hingga perlakuan suhu 50°C (25%). Metode ketigamampu  mengurangi  pengaruh  thermo-shock  yang  ditandai  denganmeningkatnya jumlah tunas/eksplan (4 tunas/eksplan). HWT secara tidaklangsung pada suhu 50°C dengan saringan merupakan metode yang palingoptimal untuk mempertahankan kemampuan regenerasi apeks.Kata kunci: Tebu ( L.), kultur apeks, perlakuan airpanasABSTRACTThe regeneration system of apex after hot water treatment (HWT) isneeded before applying the virus elimination technique. The objective ofHWT method for growing sugar cane apexes. The experiments wereconducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory, Plant Cell Tissue Biology Group,Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic ResourcesResearch and Development on February−December 2013. The plantmaterial was sugar cane PS864. There were three experiments. TheCompletely Randomized Design was used in these experiments. Firstexperiment was direct HWT method to the apexes. Second experiment wastemperature were tested (25, 30, 40, 50, and 60°C). After the HWTtreatment, apexes were grown on MS medium with the addition of 0,3 ppmBA. The observed variables were survival rate, growth rate, callusformation, root formation and shoot number. The results showed thatapexes could survive (96%) and regrew (3 shoots/explants) after HWT upand regrew after HWT up to 50°C (26.7%; 2 shoots/explants). In the thirdmethod, apexes also could grow after HWT up to 50°C (25%) and couldreduce  thermo-shock  by  increasing  the  number  shoot/explant  (4optimal method for maintaining regeneration capacity of sugar caneapexes.Keywords:  Sugar cane ( L.), apex culture, hotwater treatment
KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI, PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI, MUTU DAN FITOKIMIA KELADI TIKUS (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd.) Blume ASAL VARIASI SOMAKLONAL SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n3.2008.113-118

Abstract

ABSTRAKKeladi tikus (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd.) Blume merupakantanaman obat yang bermanfaat dalam mengobati penyakit kanker. Secarakonvensional, tanaman ini diperbanyak vegetatif sehingga keragamangenetiknya tergolong sempit. Upaya peningkatan ragam genetik keladitikus telah dilakukan melalui variasi somaklonal yaitu kultur kalus dandiperoleh plantlet yang normal, namun belum dievaluasi keragamanmorfologi, komponen pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu dan skrining fitokimiatanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi,pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu dan fitokimia tanaman hasil kultur kalustersebut. Kegiatan dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik mulai November 2005 sampai Januari 2007. Bahantanaman yang digunakan adalah benih keladi tikus asal kultur kalus.Sebagai pembanding digunakan benih keladi tikus asal kultur jaringan dankonvensional. Bahan tanaman tersebut ditanam di dalam polibagberukuran 20 cm x 30 cm yang berisi media tumbuh campuran tanahdengan pupuk kandang sapi (2:1), dan dipelihara di rumah kaca sampaiberumur sembilan bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkapdengan enam belas ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri atas satu polibag.Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi dan pertumbuhan padaumur enam bulan sedangkan produksi umbi diamati pada umur sembilanbulan. Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisis terhadap mutu dan fitokimia dariumbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara visual tanaman asalbenih kultur kalus memiliki karakteristik morfologi yaitu bentuk daun,bentuk batang, warna daun dan batang serta bentuk umbi yang samadengan benih asal kultur jaringan maupun benih konvensional. Komponenpertumbuhan (jumlah anakan) benih asal kultur kalus dari kutur jaringanlebih sedikit dari benih konvensional. Sedangkan jumlah daun, panjangdan lebar daun tidak berbeda. Tinggi tanaman asal benih kultur kalus lebihpendek dari benih kultur jaringan dan konvensional. Produksi umbi hasilkultur kalus (14,24 g) dan hasil kultur jaringan (15,11g) lebih tinggi dariumbi konvensional (7,0 g). Analisis mutu (kadar sari larut dalam air) padakeladi tikus asal benih kultur jaringan lebih tinggi dari benih asal kulturkalus dan benih konvensional. Senyawa steroid ditemukan pada tanamanasal benih kultur kalus dan kultur jaringan, namun senyawa flavonoid dantriterpenoid terdeteksi dalam jumlah tinggi pada tanaman asal benihkonvensional. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik keragamansomaklonal pada tanaman keladi tikus hanya meningkatkan variasi mutudan fitokimia tetapi tidak pada morfologi tanaman.Kata kunci : Keladi tikus, Typonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume,keragaman morfologi, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu,fitokimiaABSTRACTMorphological variation, growth, production, quality andfitochemistry of rodent tuber (Typonium flagelliformeLodd.) Blume derived from somaclonal variationRodent tuber (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd.) Blume is one ofmedicinal plant which is used for healing cancer. Conventionally, the plantwas vegetatively propagated, therefore. Its genetic variation is narrow. Anattempt to increase the genetic variation of plant was conducted usingsomaclonal variation (calli culture) and resulted the normal planlet in vitro.But, the plant morphology, growth, production, quality and fitochemistryvariation have not been evaluated yet. The aim of the research were toobtain the morphological variation, growth, production, quality andfitochemistry of rodent tuber from calli culture seeds. Experiment wasdone at the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research InstituteGreen house from November 2005 to January 2007. The plants materialused were seeds of rodent tuber from calli culture compared with seedsfrom in vitro culture. They were planted in the polibag (20 cm x 30 cm)which is contained soil and cow manure (2:1) and maintained until ninemonths. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized designwith sixteen replications. The parameters observed were morphologicalcharacter and growth component at six months and rhizome production atnine months. Further more, quality and fitochemical variation and rhizomewere also analyzed. The result showed that visually, morphologicalcharacter of those plant observed were same in leaf, stem and rhizome.Growth component (number of leaves, length and width of leaves) of seedsfrom calli culture were same with in vitro and conventional but plantheight was different. Conventional seeds produced the greatest tillers butrhizome production was lower than seeds from calli and in vitro. Watersoluble extract from in vitro seeds was higher than calli culture andconventional seeds. Steroid compound was detected in seeds from calliand in vitro. On the otherhand, flavonoid and triterpenoid were not found.The experiment showed that application of somaclonal variation on rodenttuber only increase the quality and fitochemical variations but not on plantmorphology.Key words : Typonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, morphologicalvariation, growth, production, quality, fitochemistry
PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees DEVI RUSMIN; MELATI, S MELATI, S; WAHYUNI WAHYUN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 1 (2007): MARET 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.21-27

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benihsambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih sertahubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan diKP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalamrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umurpanen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yangdiamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatanberkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang),serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobotkering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panenbenih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatanberkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatanberkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA(67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendahdiperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanamanumur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turutdidapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot keringdaun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman,bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan padaperlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobotbasah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendahdidapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umurpanen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3bulan.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen,viabilitas, produksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTThe influence of harvesting time on the seed viability andthe  relationship  with  herb  yield  of  king  bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees)One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based onthis problem a research was conducted to study the relationship betweenseed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The researchwas conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory ofIndonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI)from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in arandomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications.Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 daysafter anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage ofseed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plantheight, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dryweight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1)seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination ofking bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate wereachieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage ofseed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1month after planting. The highest plant height and number of brancheswere found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days afteranthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seedmaturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dryweight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wetweight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achievedat the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weightof leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, thestage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 monthsafter planting.Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity,viability, production, West Java
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET NOMOR 32 HASIL PENYERBUKAN SENDIRI BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD HENGKY NOVARJANTO; J. KUMAUNANG; M. A. TULALO; A. MASNIAWATI; A. HARTANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2001): Juni,2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n2.2001.43-48

Abstract

Genetic variability of selfing Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 based on RAPD markerThe objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of seling Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 used RAPD marker. Ihe method of morphology, fruit component and isozymc analyses could not explain the homozygote level of the offspring and his parents. The DNA analysis was done at Plant Biology Laboratory, PAU, Life Science IPB, and the coconut leaflets samples were collected from Kima Atas Research Instalation, Research Institute for Coconut and Palmae, Manado. This research the study was conducted from November 1999 to Fcbruay 2000. Coconut materials analyzed were DMT 32-OP, DMT 32-S2, DM 1 32-S3 andDMT32-S4. DMT 32-S2 was the offsprings of the selfcd DMT 32- SI coconut seling. and the DMT 32-SI came from the sclfed of DMT 32-OP. Then selfcd DMT 32-S2 produced were found the DMT 32-S3. and selfcd of DMT 32-S3 produced the progeny of DMT 32-S4. DNA was isolated using the method of ROHDE et at (1995), while DNA quantity and quality was using the method of SAMBROOK et al (1989). Then the DNA was ampliied using 10 random primer 10 mer and PCR apparatus of 2.400 Perkin-Elmer System. Ater thai the DNA was elcctrophorated, and photographed using Polaroid 667 ilm, then ihe biner data matrix of each coconut population was calculated lor Ilic number of monomorphism banding was found in DMT 32-S2. Ihe genetic similarity between DMT 32-S3 and DMT 32-S3 was the mosl similar at genetic distance of 90%. DMT 32-S3 resulted from self pollination can be recommended as parent material for hybridization.
PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA (60Co) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale var.a ma rum) NURLIANI BERMAWIE; NUR LAELA W. MEILAWATI; S. PURWIYANTI; MELATI MELATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n2.2015.47-56

Abstract

ABSTRAKKeragaman  genetik  plasma  nutfah  jahe  rendah  sehingga  perlu dilakukan  peningkatan  keragaman,  antara  lain  dengan  iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jahe putih kecil.  Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta Kebun Percobaan Cicurug, Sukabumi pada bulan Juni 2010 sampai dengan Mei 2011. Iradiasi dilakukan di P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama dua aksesi jahe putih kecil ZIOF 0048 dan HALINA 1 dan anak petak adalah 11 dosis iradiasi (0-50 Gy) dengan interval 5 Gy. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi berpengaruh terhadap radiosensitivitas. Aksesi HALINA 1 lebih sensitif dibandingkan   dengan   ZIOF 0048   ditunjukkan   dengan   nilai   LD50 HALINA 1 (11,07 Gy) lebih rendah dari LD50 ZIOF 0048 (13,43 Gy). Interaksi aksesi pada dosis 5 dan 10 Gy memiliki nilai terbaik pada  tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun serta jumlah anakan. Dosis mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun, diameter dan panjang batang, serta jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan tanaman semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman. Namun, semakin tinggi dosis iradiasi, pertumbuhan tanaman semakin melambat.  Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 5 Gy, dan tidak berbeda dengan kontrol. Bobot dan ukuran rimpang terbaik (964 g/rumpun) diperoleh dari HALINA 1 pada dosis 10 Gy, dan berbeda dengan kontrol (454 g/rumpun), serta perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci:  Zingiber officinale var. amarum, iradiasi sinar gamma (60Co), keragaman genetik, mutasi, karakter morfologi. The Effect of Gamma Irradiation (60Co) on the Growth and Production of Small White Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum)ABSTRACTGenetic variability of ginger germplasm was low, therefore it was necessary to broaden genetic variability using gamma irradiation. This research aimed to see the effect of irradiation on the growth of small white ginger. This study was conducted in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute and the Cicurug Experimental Garden Sukabumi from June 2010 to May 2011. Irradiation was undertaken in P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with the main plot was two accessions HALINA 1 and ZIOF 00 48, and the sub plots was 11 irradiation doses (0-50 Gy) with 5 Gy interval.  The experiment was replicated three times.  Parameters observed were quantitative and qualitative characters at 2,3 and 4 months after   planting (MAPs).   Results   showed   that   accession   influenced radiosensitivity. Accession HALINA 1 was more radiosensitive than ZIOF 0048, indicated by LD50 of HALINA 1 was 11.0693 Gy, lower than ZIOF 0048 13.4254 Gy. Interaction between accessions at 5 and 10 Gy showed the highest plant height, leaf size, and number of shoots. Irradiation dose affected plant height, leaf size, stem diameter and length, and number of leaf. The plant growth increased in conjunction with plant age, but the higher irradiation dose, the growth of plants slowed down. The best plant growth was obtained from 5 Gy, not different from control. The highest rhizome weight (964 g/plant) was obtained from HALINA 1 treated with 10 Gy, differ from control (545 g/plant) and the other treatments.Keywords:  Zingiber officinale var. amarum, gamma irradiation (60Co), genetic variability, mutation, morphological characters.
DETERMINASI NEMATODA PARASIT Aphelenchoides sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata) DJIWANTI, S. RETNO; SUPRIADI, SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n2.2008.61-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda hawar daun Aphelenchoides sp. telah dilaporkanmenyerang dan menyebabkan gugur daun pada sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees) (Acanthaceae). Penelitian yangbertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi spesies Aphelenchoides sp. tersebuttelah dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca dan kebun percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik pada tahun 2005-2006.Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengamati gejala khas pada tanaman sakitdan karakteristik morfologi nematoda secara mikroskopik pada preparatsemi-permanen Aphelenchoides sp. yang difiksasi dengan larutantriethanolamine formaldehyde (TAF). Gejala khas hawar daun merupakanbercak klorotik yang meluas yang kemudian berubah berwarna kehitamanatau kadang-kadang keunguan yang dibatasi tulang-tulang daun. Secaramikroskopik bentuk tubuh betina Aphelenchoides sp. ramping denganpanjang tubuh berkisar 0,46 – 0,70 mm dan lebar tubuh rata-rata 15 µm;daerah vulva terletak 2/3 dari panjang tubuh diukur dari bagian anterior;stilet ramping, panjangnya 10 µm dengan “basal knobs” kecil tetapi jelas;metakorpus besar, menempati ¾ atau lebih dari lebar esophagus; daerahbibir tampak halus, menonjol, dan bagian depannya rata, dengan konturhampir menyatu/bersambung dengan kontur tubuh; ujung ekornyaberbentuk kerucut tajam memanjang dengan ujung meruncing seperti duritumpul. Bentuk tubuh jantan pada dasarnya sama dengan ukuran danbentuk betinanya; ekor agak melengkung kearah 45º - 90º ketika dalamkeadaan relaks dan bentuk ujungnya meruncing seperti duri tumpul; spikulberbentuk duri mawar (“rose-thorne”). Persentase jumlah jantan dalamsatu populasi umumnya banyak berkisar 34,7 – 38,9% dari populasiseluruhnya (jantan dan betina). Karakter-karakter gejala serangan,morfologi nematoda, dan ratio jantan-betina tersebut merupakan karakterspesies Aphelenchoides fragariae (RITZEMA BOS, 1891) CHRISTIE1932. Deteksi adanya spesies nematoda A. fragariae merupakan yangpertama kali dilaporkan di Indonesia, dan sambiloto sebagai inang A.fragariae juga pertama kali dilaporkan baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata, Aphelenchoidesfragariae, identifikasi, nematoda parasitABSTRACTDetermination of parasitic nematode Aphelenchoides sp.causing leaf blotch disease of sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata)Leaf blotch disease by parasitic nematode Aphelenchoides sp. havebeen reported infected and causedleaf drops on sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees) (Acanthaceae). Experiments ofspecies determination of the nematode have been carried out inlaboratorium, greenhouse and fields of IMACRI during the year 2005-2006. Identification were done by observing its typical symptoms of theinfected plants caused by the nematode and its nematode morphologicalcharacteristics microscopically on the semi-permanent preparats fixed byTAF (triethanolamine formaldehyde) solution. Typical symptoms of leafblotch were began as chlorotic vein-deliminated areas which later changedto light brown, then dark brown and finally black; or sometimes purplishunder field condition. Microscopically, the female was slender, 0.46 –0.70 mm long and 15 µm width in average, the vulval region cited about2/3 of the body length sized from anterior part; spear slender, 10 µm longwith small and distinct basal knobs; large metacorpus occupying ¾ ormore of the width of the esophagus; lip region almost continuous withbody contour; the tail tip was elongate-conoid ending in a simple bluntspike. The male was abundant and essentially similar to size and shape ofthe female; tail arcuate through 45º to 90 when relaxed, with a simpleblunt terminal spine; spicules rose-thorn shaped. Those describedsymptoms and morphological characters mentioned above were the typicalcharacters of the species Aphelenchoides fragariae (RITZEMA BOS,1891) CHRISTIE 1932. Detection of species A. fragariae was the firstreport in Indonesia; and sambiloto as the natural host of A. fragariae wasthe first report in Indonesia and internationally.Key words: King of bitter, Andrographis paniculata, Aphelenchoidesfragariae, parasitic nematode, identification
STABILITAS HASIL LIMA NOMOR HARAPAN KENCUR ROSTIANA, OTIH; HARYUDIN, WAWAN; SMD, ROSITA SMD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.140-145

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan pemuliaan kencur diarahkan untuk meningkatkan produksirimpang dan kandungan mutu utama yang sesuai dengan standar yangditetapkan oleh Materia Medika Indonesia, dalam upaya meningkatkanpendapatan usahatani. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan produksi dan muturimpang terhadap aksesi plasma nutfah yang terkumpul, terpilih 5 nomordengan rata-rata produksi rimpang > 40 g/rumpun dan kadar minyak atsiri> 1,5%, yaitu V1, V2, V3, V4 dan V5. Kelima nomor diuji multilokasi di 5lokasi pada 2 musim tanam (tahun 2002/2003 dan 2003/2004). Kelimalokasi tersebut adalah: Cileungsi (80 m dpl.) dan Cijeruk (650 m dpl.)(Bogor), Subang (80 m dpl), Sumedang (550 m dpl) dan Sukamulya (350m dpl.) (Sukabumi). Pengujian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompokdengan 6 ulangan, jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm, ukuran petak 4 x 1 m 2 ,populasi tanaman per petak 100. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh nomoryang menghasilkan rata-rata bobot rimpang tertinggi yaitu V4 (53,58g/rumpun atau setara dengan 10,7 ton/ha), rata-rata kadar minyak atsiritertinggi (6,64%) dan beradaptasi secara spesifik pada lingkungan tumbuhyang sama dengan lokasi penanaman di Cijeruk, Sumedang dan Suka-mulya. Sedangkan V2 dengan nilai diameter rimpang terbesar (2,089 cm),stabil di 4 lokasi pengujian, responsif terhadap pemupukan, serta V3dengan rata-rata produksi rimpang 51,98 g/rumpun atau setara dengan 10,4ton/ha, beradaptasi secara spesifik pada lingkungan tumbuh yang samadengan lokasi penanaman kencur di Cileungsi, Cijeruk dan lokasi asalnyadi Sumedang.Kata kunci : Kencur, Kaempferia galanga L., varietas unggul, stabilitashasil, spesifik lokasi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTStability of five promissing Galanga lines productionBreeding of Galanga was focused on the improvement of rhizomeyield and quality based on the Indonesian Materia Medica Standard, toincrease farmers’ income. Based on the selection on rhizome yield andquality, 5 accession numbers were selected as promising lines for theirhigh rhizome yield (>40 g/tiller) and essential oil contents (> 1.5%), e.g.V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5. All numbers were subjected to multilocation testsat 5 locations, e.g. Cileungsi (80 m asl) and Cijeruk (650 m asl) (Bogor),Subang (80 m asl), Sumedang (550 m asl) and Sukamulya (350 m asl)(Sukabumi), for 2 planting-seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). Experi-ments were arranged in a randomized-block design, with 6 replications,plant spacing 20 cm x 20 cm, plot size of 4 x 1 m2, and population 100plants/plot. The research results showed that the highest average ofrhizome yield was performed by V4 (53.58 g/tiller, equal to 10.7 t/ha),with essential oil content 6.64% and specifically adaptable to the sameagro-climate as the environment conditions at Cijeruk (Bogor), Sumedangand Sukamulya (Sukabumi). Meanwhile, V2 with the highest diameter ofrhizome (2,089 cm), stable at 4 out of 5 locations and responsive tofertilizer application. On the other hand, V3 with the average of rhizomeyield 51.98 g/tiller, equal to 10.4 t/ha, specifically adaptable to the agro-climate similar to the environment conditions at Cileungsi, Cijeruk(Bogor) and its native, Sumedang.Key words: Kaempferia galanga L., superior variety, yield stability,specific location, West Java
PENCUCIAN DAN SERAPAN HARA LADA PERDU (Piper nigrum L.) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN AIR WAHID, PASRIL; SYAKIR, M.; HERMANTO, HERMANTO; SURMAINI, E.; PITONO, J.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n1.2005.13-18

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian harapada berbagai tingkat dan frekuensi pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhandan produksi lada perdu. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah atap InstalasiPenelitian Cimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, tahun1996-1998. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pot drum 40 liter.Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok berukuran 6tanaman/petak yang diulang 3 kali. Terdapat 2 faktor yang diuji yaitukombinasi dari tingkat dan frekuensi pemberian air dan faktor keduaadalah takaran hara NPK Mg 12-12-17-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pemberian air 21 mm/2 hari, setara dengan curah hujan 3.780 mmper tahun dengan pemberian pupuk 400 g NPKMg 12-12-17-2 pertanaman per tahun menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik dan produksitertinggi yaitu 42,7 g/tanaman pada produksi tahun pertama dan 171,2g/tanaman pada tahun produksi kedua. Ini berarti dengan jarak tanam1,25 x 1,25 m telah mampu dicapai hasil lebih dari 1,09 ton/ha. Tingkatpencucian hara makro tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan pemberian air 21mm/2hari dengan agihan pemupukan 600g/tanaman/tahun.Kata kunci : Lada perdu, Piper nigrum L., pemupukan, pemberian air,produksiABSTRACTNutrient leaching and intake in bushy pepper (Pipernigrum L.) at different rates and frequency of wateringThe objective of the research was to find out the effect offertilizing at different rates and frequency of watering on the growth andyield of bushy pepper. The research was done at a shading house ofCimanggu Experimental Farm, Indonesian Spices and Medicinal CropsResearch Institute in 1996 – 1998. Bushy pepper was planted in acontainer of 40 litre in Cimanggu Instalation. The research used arandomized block design with 3 replication, 6 plants/ plot. There weretwo factors studied in the research i.e. the combination of the rate andfrequency of watering, and the rate of NPK Mg 12-12-7-2. The resultsshowed that watering at 21 ml in 2 days, equals to 3780 mm rainfall, withthe application of 400 g NPK Mg 12-12-17-2 per plant gave the bestgrowth performance and the highest yield of pepper 42.7 g/vine at the 1 styear and 171.2 g/vine at the 2 nd year. It means that at the plant spacing of1.25 x 1.25 m the plants can produce 1.09 tones/ha. The highest nutrientleached happened at the treatment of watering of 21 mm/2days withfertilizer application 600 g/vine.Key words: Bushy pepper, Piper nigrum L., fertilizing, watering,growth, production
EVALUASI KETAHANAN AKSESI KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU Fusarium oxysporum SCHLECT GEMBONG DALMADIYO; CECE SUHARA; SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2000): September, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n2.2000.29-32

Abstract

Evaluation on the resistance of kenaf accessions (Hibis¬ cus cannabinus /..) to Fusarium oxysporum SchlectResistant variety is one of the most important components controlling of fusarium wilt disease on kenaf caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. To ind out resistant variety an evaluation on kenaf accessions was conducted in the laboratory and screen house of Phytopathology, RITFC, Malang in June-December 1997. The results of the selection on 77 accessions showed that 41 accessions were highly resistant, 1 2 accessions were resistant, 7 accessions were moderate, 12 accessions were susceptible, and 5 accessions were highly susceptible Three resistant and highly resistant accessions were namely 85-9-73, DS/005 H, and FJ/004 He could inhibit F. oxysporum growth about 23.40- 32.43 mm and its discolorisation about 0.0-13.4%.
ADAPTASI KLON-KLON RAMI DI ANTARA KELAPA UNTUNG SETYO BUDI; RR. SRI HARTATI; RULLY D. PUR WATT PUR WATTI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 4 (2005): DESEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n4.2005.140-145

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian untuk mendapatkan klon-klon unggul rami untuk lahan diantara pohon kelapa, telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 1999 - Maret2000, di lahan kebun plasma PIR-Kelapa 5 (NES 5) Desa Mekarsari,Kecamatan Cimerak, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Tanaman kelapahibrida ditanam pada tahun 1993/1994 dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m, dansudah berproduksi. Perlakuan terdiri dari 12 klon rami yang disusun dalamrancangan acak kelompok dan diulang 3 kali. Klon-klon tersebut adalahPujon 10, Pujon 13, Bandung A, Pujon 9, Pujon 902, Indochina, Kotaraja,Japan I, Hakuki, Padang 3, Jawa Timur 3-0 dan Pujon 601. Bibit/rhizomaditanam dengan jarak tanam 50 cm x 80 cm satu stek per lubang, pada plotberukuran 4 m x 9 m. Kapur dan pupuk kandang diberikan bersamaandengan pengolahan tanah dengan dosis masing-masing 2 ton dan 20 tonper hektar. Sedangkan pupuk buatan diberikan pada 10 hari setelah tanamdengan dosis 200 kg urea + 150 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KC1 per hektar.Pemupukan selanjutnya dilakukan 7-10 hari setiap sehabis panen/pangkasdengan dosis yang sama. Panen pertama dilakukan pada 70 HST,sedangkan panen berikutnya setiap dua bulan sekali. Pengamatan padasebelum dan sesudah panen dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameterbatang, jumlah anakan per rumpun, bobot brangkasan segar, bobot batangsegar dan bobot kering china grass. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaklon Pujon 10, Pujon 13, Padang 3, Bandung A dan Indochina merupakanklon-klon yang memiliki daya adaptasi tinggi di lahan antara pohon kelapadi Ciamis sampai dengan panen ke empat.Kata kunci: Rami, Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud, adaptasi, kebun kelapa,tanaman sela, Jawa BaratABSTRACTAdaptation of ramie clones in coconut plantationAn experiment to find out the promising clones of ramie in coconutplantation in Mekarsari, Cimerak,West Java from April 1999 to March2000. Coconut trees in the experiment location were planted in 1993/1994with plant spacing 9 x 9 m and have already producted. Twelve ramiclones viz. Pujon 10, Pujon 13, Bandung A, Pujon 9, Pujon 902,Indochina, Kotaraja, Japan I, Hakuki, Padang 3, Jawa Timur 3-0 and Pujon601, was evaluated using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with threereplications. Rami rhizome was planted in 4 m x 9 m plot size with 50 cmx 80 cm plant spacing and one rhizome per hole. Lime (2 ton/ha) andorganic manure (20 ton/ha) were applied during land preparation. Organicfertilizers were applied 10 days after planting 200 kg urea •+• 150 kg SP-36+ 100 kg KC1 per hectare. The next fertilizing was conducted 7 - 10 daysevery after harvest with the same doses. The first harvesting time was 70days after planting and the folowing harvests were conducted every twomonths. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, plantnumber per scrub, fresh wight biomass, stem fresh wight and chinagrassdry weight. Research result indicated that ramie clones viz. Pujon 10,Pujon 13, Padang 3, Bandung A, and Indochina, were more adaptable incoconut plantation in Ciamis, West Java, up to the fourth harvest.Ramie, Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud, adaptation, coconplantation, intercrop, West Java

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