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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacaoL.) BERDASARKANMARKA SSR / Analysis of Genetic Variability Germplasm of Cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.)Basedon SSR Marker Surti Kurniasih; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Asep Setiawan; Agus Purwantara; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.156-162

Abstract

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have proven to be an excellent tool for cultivar identification, pedigree analysis, and genetic distance evaluations among organisms. The objectives of this research were to characterize cacao collection of Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) and to analyze their genetic diversity using SSR markers. In this research, 39 SSR primer pairs were used to amplify genomic DNA of 29 cacao clones. Amplified SSR fragments for each primer pair were scored as individual band and used to determine genetic distance among evaluated cacao clones. Results of the experiment indicated that all SSR primer pairs evaluated were able to produce SSR markers for 29 cacao clones. The results also indicated that 34 out of 39 microsatellite loci evaluated were polymorphic, while 5 others were monomorphic. The total number of observed alleles among 29 clones was 132. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-8, with an average of 5.5 alelles per locus. Results of data analysis indicated that the PIC value was 0.665, the observed heterozigosity (Ho) was 0.651, and the gene diversity (He) was 0.720. The PIC, Ho, and He values were considered high. Genetic distances were evaluated using NTSys version 2.1 and dendrogram was constructed. Results of analysis indicated that 12 cacao clones evaluated were clustered in the first group with diversity coefficient of < 3.75. Nine cacao clones were in the second group but with the same value of diversity coefficient (<7.50). The rest of the cacao clones were in the third group with diversity coefficient of>7.50. Based on those finding, all SSR primer pairs evaluated could be used to analyze cacao genome and be useful for genetic diversity analysis of cacao germplasm. The SSR marker analysis in ICCRI cacao collections resulted in high PIC, high observed heterozygosity, and high genetic diversity.Key words: Theobroma cacao L, microsatelite, molecular marker, genetic diversity, heterozygosity AbstrakMarka mikrosatelit atau sekuens sederhana berulang (simple sequence repeat = SSR) terbukti merupakan alat yang bagus untuk identifikasi kultivar, analisis pedigree, dan evaluasi jarak genetik berbagai organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:1) karakterisasi kakao koleksi Pusat penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia menggunakan marka SSR dan 2) analisis keragaman genetik klon-klon kakao koleksi dengan menggunakan marka SSR. Dalam penelitian ini, 39 pasangan primer SSR telah digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA genomik dari 29 klon kakao. Skoring pita SSR hasil amplifikasi menggunakan masing-masing pasangan primer dilakukan secara terpisah dan digunakan untuk menentukan jarak genetik di antara klon kakao yang dievaluasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua pasangan primer SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan pita DNA hasil amplifikasi (marka SSR) untuk 29 klon kakao yang diuji. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 34 dari 39 lokus SSR yang dianalisis bersifat polimorfik sedangkan lima primer yang lain bersifat monomorfik. Dari 29 klon kakao yang dievaluasi, telah berhasil diamplifikasi sebanyak 132 alel, dengan kisaran antara 4-8 alel/lokus. Rataan jumlah alel per lokus sebanyak 5,50. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan nilai PIC untuk marka SSR yang digunakan sebesar 0,665. Untuk populasi klon kakao yang dievaluasi, diperoleh nilai rataan heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) sebesar 0,651 dan rataan diversitas gen (He) sebesar 0,720. Nilai PIC Ho dan He yang didapat tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis keragaman dengan menggunakan program NTSys, diperoleh hasil 12 klon kakao berada dalam grup pertama (koefisien keragaman<3,75) dan9 klon berada dalam grup kedua, dengan koefisien keragaman < 7,50. Sedangkan klon-klon lainnya mempunyai koefisien keragaman > 7,50. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa marka SSR dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik plasma nutfah kakao. Tingkat polimorfisme yang dihasilkan marka SSR relatif tinggi. Tingkat heterosigositas plasma nutfah kakao koleksi Puslit Kopi dan Kakao Indonesiarelatif tinggi, dan keragaman genetiknyacukup tinggi.Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao L, mikrosatelit, marka molekuler, keragaman genetik, heterosigositas
PENGARUH SUHU DAN UKURAN INANG TERHADAP BIOLOGI Trichogramma sp. PARASITOID TELUR PADA Cricula trifenestrata ELLYDA ABAS WIKARDI; TOTO DJUWARSO; TYASNING N.; O. N. RISANTI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2001): Maret, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n1.2001.18-23

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of temperature and host size on the growth and development of Trichogramma sp., a species of parasitoid which attacks Cricula trfenestrata s eggs. The experiment was carried oul in the Pesl laboratory, Dalillro, Bogor. with relative humidity ranged between 60-80%. temperature ranged.between 23-25°C, 26-28°C, and 29-3 l"C. with two kinds of different egg size (big and small). This research was conducted from March lo Sepeniber 2000, to optimize the production (generation) of Trichogramma sp. in the Laboratory. The resuts showed that some of Ihe biological index of Trichogramma sp., changed when it was cultivated in different temperature and host size. Temperature influenced longivity of parasitoid while host size influenced almost all of Ihe biological index. Although it was hardly measured, however the temperature and host size seemed to have mutual support in Influencing 7}"fcAogrximnta biological index. In low temperature, the development of parasitoid was longer than that in high temperature, while parasitoid behaviour in ovipositing was influenced by egg size. On Ihe big size host, parasitoid tended ovipositing all al once, while thai on small host ovipositing was done one by one. Ihe average of Trichogramma generation on big host was 42.1 ± 17.1 with sex ratio 1 8.8 I , while thai on small host was 73.3 ± 1 3.2 with sex ratio 6.71 I , where female was plcnticr than male. By using Birch methods, it was showed that intrinsic growth rate (r„) and net reproductive rale (Ro) on big size host were lower compared with small size host while generation lime (T) on big host was longer than small host. Ro values were significantly different belween the two hosts. The result of this experiment also showed that on both host sizes, optimum value of T, Ro and rm was achieved on 26-28°C. These results arc expected to guide parasiloid breeders lo decide the temperature and host size in mass cultivating Trichogramma sp. in laboratory. While for ield application, tempeature and hosl range arc Ihe factors should be considered.
AMBANG KENDALI PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS, Helicoverpa armigera, DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN KEBERADAAN PREDATOR PADA KAPAS NURINDAH NURINDAH; DWI ADI SUNARTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n2.2008.72-77

Abstract

ABSTRAKHelicoverpa armigera adalah salah satu hama utama pada kapas,sehingga perlu dikendalikan. Konsep ambang kendali sebagai salah satukomponen dalam PHT telah dikembangkan untuk H. armigera, namunhanya berdasarkan populasi hama dan belum mempertimbangkankeberadaan musuh alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ambangkendali H. armigera dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alamipada skala luas di daerah pengembangan dengan menggunakan lahanpetani. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas tumpangsaridengan kedelai yang ditanam sesudah padi di Kecamatan Mantup danKembangbau, Lamongan, Jawa Timur pada Maret-Oktober 2005. Lahanyang digunakan seluas 15 hektar, di bawah pengelolaan 36 petani.Pengujian ambang kendali H. armigera dilakukan dengan menerapkan duaperlakuan konsep ambang kendali yang merupakan bagian dari PHTkapas, yaitu: (1) AKH: 4 tanaman terinfestasi/25 tanaman contoh; dan (2)AKH+MA: 4 tanaman terinfestasi/25 tanaman contoh; jumlah tanamanyang terinfestasi yang teramati dikurangi 1 jika ditemukan 8 ekor predatordan kelipatannya. Jika populasi pada petak perlakuan mencapai ambangkendali, dilakukan penyemprotan dengan Ekstrak Biji Mimba (EBM).Setiap lahan petani dibagi dua, setiap bagian menerapkan satu perlakuan(n=36). Pengamatan dilakukan pada 25 unit pengamatan per 1,0 ha yangdiambil secara W sampling, setiap 7 hari sejak 50 hari setelah tanam (hst)hingga 90 hst. Satu unit pengamatan adalah 1 m 2 . Parameter yang diamatisecara periodik adalah populasi H. armigera (telur dan larva); kerusakanbuah, hasil kapas berbiji, serta penggunaan saprodi dan tenaga kerja untukpengendalian hama. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakanuji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi H. armigera padakapas + kedelai dapat ditekan oleh musuh alaminya, khususnya komplekspredator yang terdiri atas laba-laba, kumbang kubah dan kepik mirid.Populasi kompleks predator dapat mencapai 40-80 ekor/25 tanaman.Dengan demikian, penerapan ambang kendali H. armigera pada kapas +kedelai dengan memperhitungkan keberadaan predator menyebabkan tidakperlu dilakukannya penyemprotan insektisida sama sekali, sehinggaterdapat keuntungan ekonomis, yaitu penghematan biaya saprodi sebesarRp 259.000 per hektar dan keuntungan ekologis, yaitu tidak tercemarnyalingkungan oleh senyawa toksik.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum L., ambang kendali, Helicoverpaarmigera, Jawa TimurABSTRACTAction  threshold  for  Helicoverpa  armigera  byconsidering the presence of predators on cottonHelicoverpa armigera on cotton was considered as the main pest,therefore it always be a focus of pest control. Action threshold concept asan IPM component had been developed for H. armigera on cotton;however it has not considered the presence of natural enemies. Theobjective of this research is to test the action threshold of H. armigera byconsidering the presence of natural enemies on cotton intercropped withsoybean in farmers’ fields. The test involved 15 hectares of farmers’fields (involving 36 farmers) in Lamongan, East Java in March-October2005. The action thresholds for H. armigera tested were: (1) AKH: 4infested plants/25 sample plants; and (2) AKH+MA: 4 infested plants/25sample plants, and the number of infested plants observed was subtractedby 1 when 8 predators, and it’s folded up, were found in the sample plants.Spray of neem seed extract (NSE) was applied when the pest populationreached action threshold level. Each farmer field was divided into twoparts to accommodate the treatments. The observations were madeperiodically on 25 units per 1,0 hectare in 7-days interval on 50 – 90 daysafter planting (dap). The size of observation unit was 1 m 2 . Parametersobserved included H. armigera population (egg and larva); damage bolls,seed cotton production and the cost of pest control. Data were analysed byusing t-test. The results showed that H. armigera population on cottonintercropped with soybean could be repress by its natural enemies,especially by the complex predator (consisted of spiders, lady bird beetlesand predatory mirid bugs) to be always under action threshold level. Theapplication of action threshold by considering the presence of predator incotton + soybean fields would lead to unsprayed cultivation. Resultedeconomical benefit by saving of the production cost Rp 259.000 perhectare as well as ecological advantage by avoiding of sprays of toxicmaterials in the environment.Key words : Cotton,  Gossypium  hirsutum  L.,  action  threshold,Helicoverpa armigera, East Java
PENGARUH SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP KUALITAS NIRA AREN DAN PALM WINE RINDENGAN BARLINA; STEIVIE KAROUW; PATRIK PASANG
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 4 (2006): DESEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.166-171

Abstract

ABSTRAKNira aren merupakan bahan utama untuk pembuatan gula merah danminuman tradisional beralkohol, seperti palm wine dan cap tikus diSulawesi Utara. Kualitas produk yang dihasilkan sangat tergantung padamutu nira aren sebelum diproses (difermentasi). Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh sabut kelapa sebagai bahan pengawet mutunira aren dan pengaruhnya terhadap mutu palm wine yang dihasilkan.Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2002 diLaboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain (Balitka)Manado. Nira aren diperoleh dari kebun petani di Tatengesan KabupatenMinahasa. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap. Penelitian Tahap I adalahpengaruh sabut kelapa terhadap mutu nira aren. Perlakuan disusun secarafaktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Faktorpertama adalah berat sabut/penampung (50 g, 100 g dan 150 g). Faktorkedua adalah lama pengamatan setelah sadap ( 1, 2, 3 dan 4 jam). Peubahyang diamati adalah pH, gula total dan warna. Penelitian Tahap II adalahpengolahan nira aren untuk palm wine. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorialdalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitujenis mikroba untuk starter, yaitu ragi roti (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),kultur murni S. cerevisiae dan S. ellipsoides. Faktor kedua adalah lamapenuaan (aging), terdiri atas 1 bulan, 2 bulan dan 3 bulan. Peubah yangdiamati yaitu total gula, pH, kadar alkohol, total mikroba, total asam, asamvolatil, warna, bau dan rasa. Hasil penelitian Tahap I menunjukkan bahwapenggunaan sabut segar sebanyak 50 g dapat mempertahankan mutu nirasampai 3 jam setelah sadap dengan kualitas nira baik dan keasamannyanetral (pH 6,32), tidak berbeda dari kontrol (nira sebelum didiamkan). Nirayang dihasilkan dari Tahap I ini langsung digunakan untuk penelitianTahap II. Hasil penelitian Tahap II menunjukkan bahwa palm wine yangdifermentasi dengan ragi roti dan S. cerevisiae mempunyai mutu cukupbaik walaupun telah disimpan selama 3 bulan, dengan total gula berkisar3,33-3,78%, pH 3,94-4,10 dan kadar alkohol 6,88%. Sedangkan palmwine yang difermentasi dengan S. ellipsoides total gulanya 10,44%, pH4,3 dan kadar alkohol 1,58%. Selanjutnya nilai total asam dari palm wineyang diolah dengan ragi roti, S. serevisiae, dan S. ellipsoides, masing-masing 12,27 meq/100 ml, 10,52 meq/100 ml, dan 9,24 meq/100 ml. Nilaiasam asetat (asam volatil) berkisar antara 0,008 – 0,042%. Warna palmwine yang diperoleh adalah coklat kemerahan. Uji organoleptik menun-jukkan bahwa panelis agak menyukai aroma dan rasa dari palm wine yangdifermentasi dengan S. ellipsoides, walaupun kadar alkohol hanya 1,58%.Secara umum, kualitas palm wine dari nira aren termasuk minumanberalkohol golongan B karena kadar alkoholnya rendah (<2%) dan asamvolatil < 0,2%.Kata kunci : Aren, Arenga pinnata, pasca panen, prosesing, nira aren,sabut kelapa, penyadapan, palm wine, Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTEffect of fresh coconut husk on the quality of Arenga pinnata toddy andpalm wineArenga pinnata toddy is the main row material for processing palmsugar and traditional beverage, like palm wine and cap tikus in NorthSulawesi. The quality of product depends on the quality of A. pinnatatoddy before it is processed (fermented). The aim of this research was tostudy the effect of coconut husk to preserve the toddy of A. pinnata and itseffect on the palm wine quality. The research was conducted from Januaryto December 2002, at the Laboratory of Indonesian Coconut and PalmaeResearch Institute (ICOPRI) Manado. Arenga pinnata toddy was obtainedfrom the farmer at Tatengesan Village in Minahasa Regency. The researchconsisted of 2 parts which were done continuously. The first part was theeffect of coconut husk on the quality of Arenga pinnata toddy. Theexperiment was arranged factorially using completely randomized design,with two replications. The first factor was the weight of coconut husk (50g, 100 g and 150 g). The second factor was the period after tapping (1, 2 ,3, and 4 hours). The variables observed were pH, total sucrose and thecolour of toddy. The second part was processing palm wine by using thetoddy of Arenga pinnata. The experiment was arranged factorially using acompletely randomized design, with 3 replications. The first factor waskind of starter/microbial consisted of commercial yeast, pure culture S.cerevisiae and S. ellipsoides. The second factor was aging period consistedof 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The variables observed were totalsucrose, acidity (pH), alcohol content, total plate count, total acid, volatilacid, colour, flavor and taste. The results on the first part showed that 50gof fresh coconut husk was suitable and efficient to preserve the quality oftoddy up to 3 hours after tapping. The toddy which were produced thatway could be processed for making palm wine. The results of the secondpart showed that the quality of palm wine until 3 months aging period wasgood, especially the palm wine using starter from commercial yeast and S.cerevisiae. The total sucrose and acidity (pH) of the palm wine usingcommercial yeast and pure culture S. cerevisiae are total sugar was asfollows 3.33 – 3.78%, pH 3.94– 4.10 and alcohol content was 6.88%. Byusing S. ellipsoides the total sucrose 10.44%, pH 4.3, and alcohol content1.58%. The total acid of the palm wine using commercial yeast, pureculture S. cerevisiae, and S. ellipsoides: 12.27 meq/100 ml, 10.52meq/100 ml, 9.24 meq/100 ml. Volatil acid content as acetic acid was0.008 – 0.042%. The colour of palm wine was brown redness.Organoleptic test showed that the testers liked the flavor and taste of thepalm wine using S. ellipsoides, better eventhough its alcohol content wasonly 1.58%. In general, the quality of palm wine from A. pinnata toddywas categorized as alcohol beverage group B because its alcohol contentwas low (<2%) and volatile acid content was <0.2%.Key words : Sugar palm, Arenga pinnata toddy, post harvest, processing,coconut husk, tapping, palm wine, North Sulawes
RESPON VARIETAS WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) SECARA TUMPANGSARI DENGAN JARAK KEPYAR (Ricinus communis L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL AMIK KRISMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n1.2008.7-15

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Karangploso, Malang, mulai bulan Meisampai dengan Oktober 2001. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperolehvarietas wijen yang sesuai pada sistem tumpangsari dengan tanaman jarakkepyar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petakberlajur dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tumpangsari terdiri dari duafaktor. Faktor pertama yaitu varietas tanaman jarak kepyar Asembagus81 (Asb 81) dan Asembagus 104 (Asb 104). Faktor kedua yaituvarietas wijen Sumberrejo 1 (Sbr 1) dan Sumberrejo 2 (Sbr 2). Padasetiap ulangan juga ditanam varietas monokulturnya. Ukuran petak 6 mx 6 m, jarak tanam untuk tanaman jarak kepyar 2 m x 2 m (satutanaman per lubang) dan varietas wijen 0,5 m x 0,25 m (satu tanamanper lubang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman wijen varietasSumberrejo 1 dengan tanaman jarak kepyar varietas Asembagus 104memberikan hasil 632,55 gram biji wijen per petak dan 637,63 biji jarakper petak. Parameter total hasil relatif (RYT) sistem tumpangsari wijendengan tanaman jarak kepyar lebih besar dari satu ( > 1) yaitu antara 1,687sampai dengan 1,787, sehingga sistem tumpangsari tersebut efisien dalammemanfaatkan lahan.Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., jarak kepyar, Ricinus communisL., tumpangsari, pertumbuhan, hasil, Jawa TimurABSTRACTResponse of sesamum variety as intercrops with castor ontheir growth and yieldThe experiment was conducted in the Experimental Garden of theIndonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute in Malang, fromMay to October 2001. The objective of the study was to find out thevariety of sesame which is suitable for intercropping with castor. A stripplot design was used with three replications. The factorial treatmentconsisted of two factors. The first factor was castor varieties (Asembagus81 and Asembagus 104). The second factor was sesame varieties(Sumberrejo 1 and Sumberrejo 2). In each replication, castor and sesamevarieties were planted as monocultures. The plot size was 6 m x 6 m,castor and sesame plant spacing were 2 m x 2 m and 0,50 m x 0,25 mrespectively. The results showed that the intercropping of sesameSumbererjo 1 variety and castor Asembagus 104 variety produced 632,55gram sesame seed per plot and 637,63 gram seed castor per plot. Thehighest relative total yield on intercropping castor and sesame wasobtained by Asembagus 104 and Sumberrejo 1 at 1,787 and the lowestrelative total yield was obtained by Asembagus 104 and Sumberrejo 2 at1,687. RYT value of the intercropping system was more than one which isconsidered as efficient in land use.Key words: Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., castor, Ricinus communis L.,intercropping, growth, yield, East Java.
EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA PREDATOR TERHADAP Helicoverpa armigera (HÜBNER) PADA KAPAS TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KEDELAI NURINDAH NURINDAH; DWI ADI SUNARTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 3 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n3.2006.109-115

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas beberapapredator terhadap H. armigera pada kapas. Penelitian dilakukan padapertanaman kapas di daerah pengembangan Lamongan, Jawa Tmur.Kegiatan penelitian terdiri atas dua kegiatan, yaitu penentuan faktormortalitas biotik H. armigera dan perkembangan populasi H. armigerapada lahan tanpa penyemprotan insektisida. Kegiatan penentuan faktormortalitas biotik H. armigera dilakukan pada 5 lahan tanpa penyemprotaninsektisida masing-masing seluas 100 m 2 dengan mengamati populasi H.armigera dan predatornya. Kegiatan perkembangan populasi H. armigerapada lahan tanpa penyemprotan insektisida dilakukan pada lahan seluas 5hektar dengan mengamati populasi serangga hama, predator, dan hasilkapas berbiji pada setiap sub petak yang luasnya 0,2 ha. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa kompleks predator yang terdiri dari kumbang kubah,semut, kepik mirid dan laba-laba berperan dalam pengaturan populasi H.armigera. Kumbang kubah dan semut merupakan faktor mortalitas yangpenting bagi telur H. armigera, sedangkan kompleks predator merupakanfaktor mortalitas yang penting bagi larva kecil H. armigera. Persamaanregresi hubungan antara kompleks predator dan larva H. armigera adalahy= 3796 – 0.431x, sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa satu larva H. armigeradapat dieliminasi oleh 8 ekor predator. Jika keberadaan predatordipertimbangkan dalam ambang kendali H. armigera, maka pada sistemtanam kapas tumpangsari dengan kedelai, populasi H. armigera tidakpernah mencapai ambang kendali. Produksi kapas berbiji pada lahan tanpapenyemprotan insektisida adalah 911 kg/ha; hasil ini jauh lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan produksi dari lahan dengan pengendalian secarakonvensional (penyemprotan insektisida secara intensif) yang hanyamencapai 312 kg/ha. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan predator perludipertimbangkan dalam konsep ambang kendali H. armigera.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum L., Helicoverpa armigera,predator, ambang kendali, produksi, Jawa TimurABSTRACTEffectiveness of predators on Helicoverpa armigera oncotton intercropped with soybeanResearch on effectiveness of predators of H. amigera on cottonintercropped with soybean was conducted in Lamongan, East Java. Theresearch activity included determination of the biotic mortality factor of H.armigera and observation on H. armigera population in unsprayed cottonfield. Determination of the biotic mortality factor of H. armigera wasconducted in 5 unsprayed plots @ 100 m 2 by recording the number of H.armigera and its predators. Observation on H. armigera population wasdone in 5 hectares of unsprayed cotton field by observing the population ofH. armigera and its predators as well as cotton seed production of each 0.2hectare sub plot. The research results showed that predator complex(Coccinellid beetles, mirid bugs, ants and spiders) have significant role inregulating H. armigera population. Coccinellid beetles and ants were theimportant biotic mortality factors of H. armigera eggs, while complexpredators were that of the small larvae. Regression equation of predatorcomplex and H. armigera larvae was y= 3.976 – 0.43x, meaning that oneH. armigera larvae could be eliminated by 8 predators. If the presence ofpredators was considered in action threshold concept, population of H.armigera on cotton intercropped with soybean was always under actionthreshold. Cotton seed production of unsprayed field was 911 kg/ha; thiswas significantly higher than that of conventional control system withintensive sprays of chemical insecticides. Therefore, the presence ofpredators should be included in action threshold concept of H. armigera.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., pest, Helicoverpa armigera,predator, action threshold, production, East Java
INDUKSI DAN REGENERASI KALUS KELADI TIKUS (Typonium flagelliforme. Lodd. ) SECARA IN VITRO SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID; NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 4 (2007): DESEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n4.2007.142-146

Abstract

ABSTRAKKeladi tikus umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif sehingga ragamgenetiknya sempit. Penelitian peningkatan keragaman genetik pada keladitikus melalui kultur in vitro telah dilakukan di Laboratorium KulturJaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogorpada bulan April sampai Desember 2005. Bahan tanaman yang digunakanadalah daun steril keladi tikus in vitro. Media dasar yang digunakan adalahMurashige and Skoog (MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari group B. Sebagaisumber energi digunakan sukrosa sebanyak 30 g/l. Penelitian terdiri daridua tahap yaitu induksi dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan yang diuji padatahap I adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin (2,4-D) secara tunggalmaupun kombinasi dengan sitokinin (kinetin) terhadap induksi kalus yaitu: 2,4-D 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l; 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,1 + kinetin 0,1mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l;2,4-D 0,1 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l; 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l +kinetin 0,3 mg/l dan2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l. Tahap II adalah beberapa tarafkonsentrasi benzyl adenin untuk regenerasi kalus. Penelitian disusunmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola faktorial dan limaulangan, dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari satu eksplan. Faktor pertamaadalah asal kalus dan faktor kedua adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi BAyaitu : BA 0,1 mg/l ; BA 0,3 mg/l dan BA 0,5 mg/l. Parameter yangdiamati adalah waktu inisiasi kalus, struktur dan warna kalus, jumlahtunas serta penampilan kultur secara visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kalus asal eksplan daun dapat diinduksi pada perlakuan 2,4-D 1,0mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l dan 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/l denganwaktu inisiasi 8 sampai 10 minggu setelah perlakuan. Regenerasi kalusterbaik diperoleh pada medium 2,4-D 1,0 mg/l + kinetin 0,3 mg/lmengandung BA 0,3 mg/l dengan rata-rata tunas dan daun yang dihasilkansebanyak 13,2 tunas dan 4,4 daun.Kata kunci : Keladi tikus, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd., induksi,regenerasi kalus, in vitroABSTRACTInduction and regeneration of Rodent tuber calli throughin vitro cultureRodent tuber plant (Typonium flagelliforme Lodd) is commonlypropagated vegetatively, the repro its genetic variation is narrow. Aresearch to increase the genetic variability of the plant was conducted inTissue Culture Laboratory of the Indonesian Medicinal and AromaticResearch Institute, Bogor from April to December 2005. The leaf ofRodent tuber in vitro used as an explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS)medium used as basic medium, supplemented with vitamin from B group,sucrose 30 g/l was added into the medium as carbon source. The researchconsist of two steps : 1) calli induction and 2) calli regeneration. Thetreatment tested in first step : 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1,0mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l; 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0,1 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.1 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l; 2.4-D 0.5mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l. In thesecond steps, several concentration of BA were tested i.e: BA 0,1 mg/l ;BA 0,3 mg/l and BA 0,5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged incompletely randomized design with factorial pattern. Each treatmentconsist of five replications. The parameters observed were time of calliinitiation, texture, colour of calli and number of shoot and leaves inregeneration. The result showed that calli can be induced on 2.4-D 1.0mg/l + kinetin 0.1 mg/l and 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l, eight to tenweeks after culture. The best medium for shoots regeneration contains 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.3 mg/l with 0.3 mg/l BA, with mean result of 13.2shoots and 4.4 leaves.Key words : Rodent tuber, Typonium flagelliforme Lodd. bl , induction,regeneration, calli, in vitro
EFISIENSI PENGENDALIAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera HÜBNER DENGAN SERBUK BIJI MIMBA DAN NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; DWI WINARNO; TEGER BASUKI BASUKI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.45-51

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengendalian hama non-kimiawi semakin meningkat sehinggamengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia. Alternatif pengendalian hamamenggunakan pestisida botani dan agensia mikrobia cukup efektifmengendalikan penggerek buah kapas H. armigera. Penelitian efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera dengan SBM dan NPVdilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau danSerat di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur mulai Januari hinggaDesember 2003. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera terutama dengankombinasi SBM dan NPV. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: (1)SBM(LC 25 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (2) SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (3) SBM (dosisrekomendasi), (4) NPV (dosis rekomendasi), (5) betasiflutrin (dosisrekomendasi), dan (6) kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Setiap perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameteryang diamati meliputi populasi ulat H. armigera dan komplekspredatornya, frekuensi penyemprotan masing-masing perlakuan, kerusakankuncup bunga dan buah kapas, biaya pengendalian hama, pendapatan,marginal rate of return (MRR), dan hasil kapas serta kacang hijau. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian H. armigera dengankombinasi perlakuan SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) lebih efisien menurunkanbiaya pengendalian hama hingga 63,4% dan meningkatkan pendapatansebesar 32,7% dibanding insektisida kimia betasiflutrin, dengan nilai MRR4,66 dan 4,28 masing-masing atas kontrol dan insektisida kimia.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, penggerek buah,Helicoverpa armigera, SBM, NPV, pengendalian hama,marginal rate of return, Jawa TimurABSTRACTEfficiency in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner controlusing neem seed powder and nuclear polyhedrosis virusInsect pest biological control potentially decreases the use ofchemical insecticides. The alternative control method chosen wascombination of botanical and microbial agents that showed highereffectiveness against H. armigera. This control method might alsopotential to minimize the use of chemical pesticide on cotton. Study onefficiency of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner control usingneem seed powder (NSP) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus was conducted atAsembagus Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute, Situbondo, East Java, from January to December 2003.The objective of this study was to find out the efficiency level of cottonbollworm control using combination of neem seed powder (NSP) andnuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). The treatments were : (1) NSP(LC 25 ) +NPV(LC 50 ), (2) NSP(LC 50 ) + NPV(LC 50 ), (3) NSP (recommended dose),(4) NPV (recommended dose), (5) betacyfluthrin (recommended dose),and (6) control (untreated). The treatments were arranged in a randomizedblock design with three replications. Parameters observed were populationof H. armigera larvae and its complex predators, frequency of spraying,square and boll damage, cost of control, net income, marginal rate ofreturn, and yield of seed cotton and mungbean. The research resultsshowed that the combination of NSP(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) effectivelyreduced the total cost of insect control by 63.4% and increased the increase32.7% compared to betacyfluthrin. The combination also showed thehighest marginal rate of return of 4.66 and 4.28 based on control andbetacyfluthrin, respectively.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, insect, cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera, NSP, NPV, insect control, marginalrate of return, East Java
VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, DAN KORELASI GENOTIPIK SIFAT-SIFAT PENTING TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) SUDARMADJI SUDARMADJI; RUSIM MARDJONO; HADI SUDARMO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.88-92

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasilpersilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasimengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifatpenting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di KebunPercobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 –Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom-pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagianbesar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2)nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman,umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polongper tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar,sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan(3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggitanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkanpada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipikantara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pertanaman.Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasigenetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil,Jawa TimurABSTRACTGenetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlationsof important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations,heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics ofsesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station,Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized blockdesign with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of theexperiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traitswere high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plantheight, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, numberof pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield perhectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simpleinheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) inSbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypiccorrelation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number ofbranches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare inSbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses.Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, geneticvariations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield,East Jav
PENAMPILAN HASIL PERSILANGAN NOMOR-NOMOR HARAPAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.) NURLIANI BERMAWIE; SRI WAHYUNI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.43-51

Abstract

ABSTRAKJambu mete merupakan tanaman introduksi yang telah beradaptasidan berkembang dengan baik di Indonesia, namun sampai saat iniproduktivitas dan mutunya masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan produk-tivitas dan mutu gelondong telah dilakukan persilangan dari tahun 1994sampai 1995 antara nomor harapan dengan produksi tinggi namun berberatgelondong kecil (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura dan A-Tegineneng)dengan nomor yang memiliki berat gelondong besar (S-Segayung).Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengah.Sebanyak sepuluh kombinasi hasil persilangan tetua betina dengan tetuajantan yaitu CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS, AxS, dantetuanya ditanam pada tahun 1996 menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok, dengan jarak tanam 6 x 6 meter, diulang tiga kali denganjumlah tanaman per unit 6 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggitanaman, lingkar batang, lebar kanopi, produksi dan berat gelondong.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada empat tahun pertama,pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi dan lebar tajuk sangat pesat. Memasukimasa produksi pertumbuhan agak melambat. Pada awal pertumbuhan,tinggi dan lebar tajuk antar kombinasi persilangan bervariasi, namunsetelah memasuki usia produksi tinggi dan lebar tajuk tanaman relatif sama,kecuali pada kombinasi FxM dan MxS tanamannya lebih pendek sertaCxF dan MxS memiliki tajuk sempit. Pada awal produksi kombinasi CxAdan FxS memiliki produksi tertinggi, namun pada tahun ke-6 setelahtanam produksi tertinggi adalah FxS dan CxS. Kombinasi persilangandengan tetua jantan S menghasilkan tanaman yang memiliki buah semudan berat gelondong yang lebih besar yaitu 7,10 – 8,41 g per butir denganberat kernel 2,03 – 2,33 g/butir, berat gelondong tetua lokal (3-4 g/butir).Persilangan dengan S dapat memperbaiki sifat berat gelondong sebesar77,5 – 112% dari tetua lokal, sekalipun demikian berat gelondong tersebutmasih di bawah berat gelondong tetua S (11 – 13 g/butir). Tetua S cocokdigunakan sebagai tetua untuk meningkatkan mutu gelondong (berat) padatanaman jambu mete.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., persilangan,hibrida, hasil, mutu, Jawa TengahABSTRACTGrowth, yield and quality performances of cashew(Anacardium occidentale L.) resulted from hybridization Cashew is not an Indonesian native plant. Although it has been welladapted and widely cultivated in Indonesia, its productivity and nut qualityis still low. To improve productivity and nut quality, ten crossingcombinations were made among and between high yielding lines withsmall nut size (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura and A-Tegineneng) anda line with big nut size (S-Segayung). The crosses were made from 1994 to1995 at Muktihardjo Experimental Garden, Pati, Central Java. Ten hybridcombinations, i.e. CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS,AxS, and its parents were planted in 1996 in a randomized block designwith three replications, plant spacing 6 x 6 m and 6 plants per unit.Parameters observed were growth rates indicated by plant height, canopysize and trunk circumference and yield and nut weight. The hybrid plantsshowed fast vegetative growth indicated by increase in plant height, trunkcircumference and canopy diameter with more than 1.5 m per year at thefirst four years, then decline when entered the reproductive stage.Growth rate at the vegetative stage varied among crossing combinations,then tend to be similar at the reproductive stage, except for FxM and MxS,the plants were smaller that the others. At the first few bearing years,CxA and FxS produced high yield, but at 6 years after planting, the highestyield was obtained from FxS and CxS combinations. Crossingcombination with S as the male parent showed variation in fruit and nutweight, 7,10 – 8,41 g per nut with kernel weight 2.03 – 2.33 g, bigger thanthe nut weight of the local varieties (3-4 g). Crossing with S as the maleparent improved nut weight of the local varieties by 77,5 – 112%, but theweight was still below the nut weight of the S parent (11 – 13 g/nut). TheS parent is suitable as the male parent for improving nut quality in cashew.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium accidentale L., intervariety crossing,hybrid, yield, quality, Central Java

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