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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas LINN.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS, BERAT PUPA, DAN PENELURAN HAMA JARAK KEPYAR TUKIMIN S W; DECIYANTO SOETOPO; ELNA KARMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.159-164

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)terhadap mortalitas, berat pupa dan peneluran larva Achaea janata belumpernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukansebelumnya minyak jarak pagar mengandung phorbol ester yang dapatdigunakan sebagai biopestisida dan Achaea janata merupakan hama utamapada tanaman jarak kepyar. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan diLaboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan SeratMalang pada bulan April - Juli 2009, menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi minyak jarak pagar, satupembanding, satu kontrol air dan kontrol detergen, diulang tiga kali.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efek phorbol ester dalamminyak biji jarak pagar (MJP) untuk membunuh larva A. janata. Duaaksesi minyak biji jarak pagar yang diuji adalah: SP 67 asal SulawesiSelatan dan Jatim 45 asal Jawa Timur. Pengamatan meliputi jumlahmortalitas larva, berat prepupa, pupa, jumlah telur, dan telur tetas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi SP 67 yang memiliki kandunganphorbol ester 9,49 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi 5 ml minyak biji jarak pagar(J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukup efektif dan mengakibatkanmortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 =2,33 ml/L, 72 jam setelahpenyemprotan. Jumlah telur 362 butir dan telur tetas 34,27%. Aksesi Jatim45 yang memiliki kandungan phorbol ester 4,39 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi10 ml minyak biji jarak pagar (J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukupefektif dan mengakibatkan mortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 = 9,35ml/liter pada 72 jam setelah penyemprotan. Jumlah telur 487 butir dantelur tetas 34,75%. Kedua aksesi tersebut mengakibatkan mortalitas larvaA. janata dan efek lanjutan mengakibatkan cacat larva, prepupa, dan pupa,penurunan jumlah telur dan presentase telur tetas.Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L, phorbol ester, aksesi, minyak biji jarakpagar, mortalitas, larva, Achaea janata L.ABSTRACTEffects of Jatropha curcas Crude Oil (JCO) on Mortality,Weight of Pupae, and Fertility of Achaea janataStudy on the effects of JCO on mortality, weight of pupae, andfertility of Achaea janata has never been done in Indonesia. Based onanalysis, JCO contains phorbol ester which can be used as biopesticide.A. janata is a main pest on castor oil plants. This study was carried out atEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (ITOFCRI) in Malang from April through July 2009. Theexperiment was arranged using randomized block design with 7 treatmentsand 3 replicates. The objective of the research was to find out the ability ofJCO to kill larvae of A. janata and its effect on pupae weight and fertility.This experiment tested two physic nut accessions : SP 67 (originated fromSouth Sulawesi) and Jatim 45 (from East Java). Observations included thenumber of larvae mortality, weights of prepupae and pupae, number ofeggs, and percentage of hatches. Results showed that SP 67 accessioncontaining 9.49 µg phorbol ester/ml oil with concentration of 5 ml JCO +1 g detergent/l was fairly effective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 2.33ml/l) after 72 hours of spraying. Pupae laid 362 eggs and only 34.27% ofthe eggs hatched. Jatim 45 accession containing 4.3 g/µg phorbol ester perml oil with concentration of 10 ml JCO + 1 g detergen/l was fairlyeffective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 9.35 ml/l) after 72 hours ofspraying. Only 34.75 % of the 487 eggs hatched.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., phorbol ester, accessions, JCO,mortalily, larvae, Achaea janata L.
PENGARUH KETERSEDIAAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI DUA KLON NILAM EMMYZAR, .
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.159-165

Abstract

Tanaman nilam tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada daerah dengan curah hujan relatif tinggi dan merata sepanjang tahun. Tanaman dalam kondisi kekurangan air terus menerus akan mengalami strcs air dan berpengaruh terhadap proses fisiologis, menurunkan permukaan trans- pirasi, luas daun menurun, dan mempercepat dcfiidrasi protoplasma. Penelitian pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi 2 (dua) klon nilam dilakukan di rumah kaca Instalasi Penelitian Cimanggu, Balittro Bogor mulai bulan Nopember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap partumbuhan dan produksi dua klon nilam (klon Sidikalang dan klon Situak) sekaligus diamati pengaruhnya terhadap kadar dan kualitas minyak nilam (rendemen, warna dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag menggunakan tanah kering jenis latosol Cimanggu Bogor yang diaduk dengan pupuk kandang sapi (3:1) sebanyak 10 kg/polibag disusun menggunakan rancangan factorial (dua faktor) dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), diulang 3 kali. Ukuran plot 8 polibag/ perlakuan. Faktor pertama : klon nilam terdiri dari 2 jenis (K) yaitu : Kl = klon Sidikalang dan K2 = klon Situak. Faktor kedua: tingkat ketersediaan air (A) 4 taraf yaitu Al = 25% kapasitas lapang, A2 = 50% kapasitas lapang, A3 = 75% kapasitas lapang, dan A4 = 100 % kapasitas lapang. Peubah yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh tunas, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot daun basah dan bobot daun kering, kadar minyak digambarkan dari rendemen dan kualitas minyak (wana dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk jumlah tunas tidak ada interaksi antara tingkat ketersediaan air dan klon yang diuji, tetapi untuk jumlah daun ada interaksi. Tingkat pemberian air 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) secara keseluruhan memberikan pertumbuhan optimum bagi kedua klon, kecuali untuk parameter jumlah daun. Pada klon Situak. tingkat pemberian air 100% KL yang memberikan jumlah daun terbanyak. Perlakuan ketersediaan air 100% KL pada klon Sidikalang memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya, sedang untuk klon Situak, ketersediaan air pada taraf 75% KL memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi. Rendemen minyak klon Situak dengan tingkat ketersediaan air 25% KL tertinggi (4.0%) dengan wana minyak kuning muda tcrang, diikuti tingkat 50% KL (3.0%) dengan wana minyak kusam/kemh. Kandungan patchouly alkohol klon Situak rata-rata (30%) lebih baik daripada klon Sidikalang, diperoleh dari perlakuan ketersediaan air 25% KL. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk memperoleh petumbuhan dan produksi yang tinggi, ketersediaan air dalam tanah diperlukan antara 75 - 100% KL. Namun, untuk mendapatkan kandungan patchouly alkohol tinggi ketersediaan air yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah yaitu 25 % - 50%) KL.Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, ketersediaan air, petumbuhan, produksi ABSTRACTThe effect of water availability the growth and production of two patchouly clones Patchouly plant grows and produces very well in the area with high and everly rain fall through the year. Plants with continuous shortage of water would face water stress and affect physiologis process, transpiration surface, leaf area and protoplasmic dehydration. Several levels of water needs were tested in this experiment, which was carried out in a glass house of Cimanggu Installation, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor, rom November 1999 to May 2000. The objective was to find out the effect of water availability on two clones of patchouly growth, production and oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The experiment was conducted in polybags using Cimanggu Latosol soil mixed with cow dung (3:1), 10 kg/polybag, arranged in a factorially completely random design with 3 replications. Plot size was 8 polybag/treatment. The first factor was two clones of patchouly : K, = Sidikalang and K2 = Situak. The second factor was 4 levels of water availability: 2J% (A,), 50% (A2). 75% (A,), and 100% (A,) ield capacity (FC). Variables observed were percentage of shoot growth, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight, oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The result showed that there was no interaction between the two factors for number of shoots. Clone of Sidikalang had higher plant height than that of Situak. The water availability of 75% (FC) gave optimum growth for the two clones, except the number of leaves. For Situak the water avaibility of 100% (FC) gave the highest number of leaves. For Sidikalang the water availability of 100% gave the highest dry weight of leaves. Oil rendement for Situak with 25% FC was the highest (4.0) with bright yellow colour. The content of patchouly alcohol for Situak was higher than that of Sidikalang (30%). Therefore, it can be concluded that to obtain the optimum growth and the higest production it needed 75 - 100% (FC) water availability, while for high patchouly alcohol content, it needed buzer the water availability, i.e. 25-50% (FC).Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, water level, growth, production
PENGGUNAAN DUA MODEL POLATANAM PADI (Oryza sativa) DAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DENGAN DASAR KELAPA DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI - JAWA BARAT Saefudin, .; Pranowo, Dibyo; Listyati, Dewi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 4 (2002): Desember, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.132-139

Abstract

Produktivitas lahan, tanaman dan pendapatan pctani pekebun kelapa pada umumnya rendah. Salah satu usaha untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan menanam berbagai jenis tanaman sela di antara kelapa atau disebut polatanam campuran. Untuk mengetahui penggunaan dua model pola¬ tanam padi dan kacang tanah di antara kelapa yang lebih produktif dan menguntungkan telah dilakukan penelitian di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan jenis tanah podsolik merah kuning, tipe iklim Cl (Oldeman), dan kctinggian tempat 250 m dpi. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara on farm dengan menggunakan mctode observasi dimulai dai bulan Juni 1999 sampai dengan Maret 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dua model polatanam yaitu : (1) padi dan kacang tanah (75% : 25%); (2) padi dan kacang tanah (50% 50%) dengan dasar kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dua model polatanam (padi + kacang tanah) campuran berpengaruh positif terhadap tanaman pokok kelapa, khususnya pada karaktcr jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina, setting buah dan produksi nira. Produktivitas tanaman sela padi pada dua model yang diuji sangat rendah. Produktivitas padi pada model satu adalah 798 kg dan model dua 496 kg gabah kenngpanen atau masing-masing setara dengan 1 064 kg dan 992.0 kg gabah keing panen/ha petanaman kelapa. Produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah pada dua model yang diuji cukup tinggi. Produktivitas kacang tanah pada model satu adalah 670 kg dan model dua I 220 kg polong basah atau masing-masing setara dengan 2 680 kg dan 2 440 kg polong basah/ha petanaman kelapa. Hasil. analisis finansial menunjukkan, bahwa model polatanam satu memberikan keuntungan Rp. 904 300/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.12 dan LKM 0.0495, sedang model dua membei keuntungan Rp. 1 367 800/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.17 dan LKM 0.0333.Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Oryza saliva, Arachis hipogea, polatanam campuran, Sukabumi ABSTRACT Two model of rice (Oryza sativa> and peanut (Arachis hipogea) cropping system on coconut land in Sukabumi Regency -West JavaThe productivity of coconut smallholder's income, in general, is still low. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to introduce some intercrops in the coconut land. This study was conducted in Cainginnunggal Village, Ciracap, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, rom June 1999 to March 2000. The soil is red yellow podsolic, the climate is C (Oldeman), the altitude is 250 m above sea level. This research used on-farm method with two models, namely (1) ice and peanut 75%: The results of the research showed that the intercropping of rice and peanut on coconut land had good effect on coconut as the main crop, particularly on the coconut leaf number, female lower number, ruit setting, and toddy production. The productivity of ice as the intercrop was very low. On the first model was 798 kg and on the second model was 496 kg harvest dry seed or eqivalent to 1.046 kg and 992 kg harvest dry seed/ha of coconut land. The productivity of peanut as Ihe intercrop was better. On the first model was 670 kg and on the second model was I 220 kg resh pods/ha of coconut land. The results of the financial analysis indicated that the first model gave profit Rp. 904 300/ha/year, B/C ratio 1. 12 and minimum farm size is 0.0495; while me second model gave Rp. 1 367 800/ha/year, B/C ratio 1.17 and minimum farm size 0.0333.Key words : Cocos nucifera, Oryza sativa, Arachis hipogea, coconut cropping pattern, Sukabumi
SUSTAINABILITY OF TEMANGGUNG COFFEE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS I Ketut Ardana
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 25, No 2 (2019): Desember, 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v25n2.2019.69-80

Abstract

Geographical Indications (GIs) certificate is required to protect specific flavors of crops in the given region. The study aimed to analyze the sustainability of the coffee farming system basis of Sindoro-Sumbing Java Arabica Coffee and Temanggung Robusta Coffee from the perspective of GIs protection. The study used survey methods with data collection techniques: (1) literature studies, interviews, and discussions with stakeholders, and (2) observation of the application of coffee cultivation and processing. The analytical methods used were (1) analysis of technical and institutional performance, and economic benefits with cross-tabulation and descriptive interpretation, and (2) analysis of the sustainability of coffee farming system using a multidimensional scaling approach. The results showed that the management of coffee farming in the Temanggung Regency was quite sustainable from the perspective of GIs protection with an index value of 66.88. The six dimensions of sustainability, showing fairly sustainable performance with an index of 59.22-74.99. This indicated that a comprehensive improvement is required to sustain the GI protection in Temanggung Regency, i.e., ecology, economy, ethics, institutions, social, and technology. Sensitive lever factors to improve the performance of each dimension are (1) adaptation to climate influence, land conservation, and cropping patterns for ecological dimensions, (2) commodity alternatives and price stability for economic dimensions, (3) logo inclusion on packaging, environmental maintenance, and the authenticity of products for ethical dimensions, (4) optimizing the role of GIPC for institutional dimensions, (5) involvement of stakeholders in the social dimension, and (6) improvements in harvesting methods for technological dimensions.Keywords:   Lever factors, arabica coffee, robusta coffee AbstrakSertifikat Indikasi Geografis (GI) diperlukan untuk melindungi rasa tanaman tertentu di wilayah tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2017 hingga Mei 2018, bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberlanjutan usahatani kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing dan Kopi Robusta Temanggung dalam perspektif perlindungan IG menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data: (1) studi pustaka, wawancara dan diskusi dengan pemangku kepentingan, dan (2) observasi penerapan budidaya dan pengolahan kopi. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi: (1) Analisis kinerja teknis,  kelembagaan, dan manfaat ekonomi dengan tabulasi silang dan interpretasi secara deskriptif, dan (2) Analisis keberlanjutan menggunakan pendekatan multidimensional scaling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan usahatani kopi di Kabupaten Temanggung cukup berkelanjutan dari perspektif perlindungan IG dengan nilai indeks 66,88. Keenam dimensi keberlanjutan, menunjukkan kinerja cukup berkelanjutan dengan indeks 59,22-74,99 mengindikasikan bahwa untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan perlindungan IG kopi di Kabupaten Temanggung masih perlu perbaikan pada dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, etika, kelembagaan, sosial, dan teknologi. Faktor pengungkit yang sensitif untuk memperbaiki kinerja masing-masing dimensi adalah: (1) adaptasi terhadap pengaruh iklim, konservasi lahan, dan pola tanam untuk dimensi ekologi, (2) alternatif komoditas dan stabilitas harga untuk dimensi ekonomi, (3) pencantuman logo pada kemasan, mitigasi lingkungan, dan keaslian produk untuk dimensi etika, (4) mengoptimalkan peran MPIG untuk dimensi kelembagaan, (5) soliditas komunitas “Sahabat Kopi” dan keterlibatan stakeholder untuk dimensi sosial, serta (6) perbaikan cara panen untuk dimensi teknologi.Kata kunci: faktor pengungkit, keberlanjutan, kopi arabika, kopi robusta, indikasi geografis.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU MINYAK KELAPA BARLINA, RINDENGAN; KAROUW, STEIVIE; PASANG, PATRIK M.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.106-111

Abstract

Untuk mendapatkan cara pengolahan minyak kelapa yang lebih eisien dalam menghasilkan rendemen dan mutu yang tinggi dan tahan simpan serta aman dikonsumsi telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan lama fermentasi terhadap rendemen mutu minyak kelapa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain Manado dan Kebun Percobaan Mapanget sejak bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap disusun secara faktorial, yaitu faktor A adalah konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae, terdiri dari 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% dan faktor B adalah lama fermentasi krim. terdiri dari 0 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam. Ulangan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen minyak tertinggi 23.83% pada fermentasi krim selama 24 jam. Mutu minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan sebagai berikut kadar air 0.03 - 0.18%, asam lemak bebas 0.15 - 0.29%, warna bening dan bau harum/ normal, bilangan peroksida berkisar 0.20 - 0.40 meq/kg, mutu minyak kelapa tersebut memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-2902-1992.Kata kunci: Minyak kelapa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, konsentrasi, fermentasi. rendemen, mutu ABCTRACT Effect of concentration of stater Saccharomyces cerevisiae and duration of fermentation on the content and quality of coconut oilResearch on the effect of concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the content and quality of coconut oil was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Coconut and Palmae Research Institute (ICOPRI) and Mapanget Research Instalation from March to December 2001. The objective of the research was to find out the effective technique and processing of coconut oil. The research used a completely randomized design with 2 factors and 2 replications. Factor A was the concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% and factor B was duration of fermentation consist of 0 hour, 12 hours, and 24 hours. The results showed that the highest yield of coconut oil is 23.83% was obtained by fermented coconut cream for 24 hours. The coconut oil had good quality with moisture content about 0.03 to 0.18%, free fatty acid content about 0.15 to 0.29%, colorless, good smell and peroxide value about 0.20 - 0.40 mcq/kg, the quality of coconut oil fulfilled the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI 01-2902-1992).Key words: Coconut oil, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. concentration, fermentation, yield and quality
PEREKAYASAAN INSTALASI PEMANFAATAN UDARA PANAS BUANG PADA PENGOVENAN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA TIRTOSASTRO, SAMSURI; HASTONO, ABI DWI; DARMONO, .
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2003): Maret, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.17-24

Abstract

Pcrekayasaan instalasi pemanfaatan udara panas buang pada pengolahan daun tembakau Virginia menjadi krosok fc (flue-cured) telah dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian lanaman lembakau dan Serat, Malang, Jawa Timur. Pengujian alal dilakukan di lombok Timur, Nusa Tcnggara Barat, pada musim panen antara bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2000 di sentra produksi tembakau Virginia Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung efisiensi penggunaan biaya bahan bakar sekaligus mengurangi subsidi bahan bakar minyak dari Pemerintah Konstruksi instalasi pemanfaatan udara panas buang terdii atas pipa penghubung (d~ 15.24 cm) dua oven dan blower 0 75 TK untuk mcngalirkan udara panas buang dari oven pertama ke oven kedua. Kapasitas oven pertama yang digunakan 3 547 kg, sedangkan oven kedua 2 617 kg daun lembakau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. pemasangan instalasi udara panas buang dapat menekan konsumsi bahan bakar oven kedua 12 39% yaitu dari 1 352 liter minyak tanah tiap kg krosok menjadi 1.141 liter tiap kg krosok. Analisis ekonomi pada harga minyak tanah Rp 700/1 penggunaan alat tersebut belum memberikan keuntungan yang bcrati karena nilai rasio BC ■ 1.29. NPV ■ Rp 99 835 885 dan IRR - 52 73%, dibandingkan tidak memasang instalasi tersebut dengan nilai rasio BC 1.29, NPV Rp 98 547 176, dan IRR 52 78%. Namun bila harga minyak tanah Rp. 1 000/1 maka pemasangan instalasi udara panas buang membeikan nilai rasio BC 1.25, NPV Rp. 88 246 683 dan IRR -52 58%. lebih baik dibanding tidak memasang instalasi tersebut (rasio BC 1 24. NPV Rp. 85 977 099 dan IRR - 52 63%) Peluang keuntungan rclatif makin besar jika harga minyak lanah makin linggi. Keuntungan lain pemasangan instalasi ini adalah menekan subsidi bahan bakar minyak.Kata kunci : Nicotiana tabacum 1. , oven, instalasi udara, panas buang, mutu, aspek ekonomi ABSTRACTUtilization of waste heat-air installation in Virginia tobacco curingInstallation of me waste hcal-air utilization in Virginia tobacco curing to produce flue-cured tobacco has been conducted in Indonesian Tobacco and fiber Crops Research Institute. Malang, Indonesia. The equipment test was taken place in Virginia tobacco production centre. East lombok. West Nusa Tcnggara Province on harvesting-time between August and October 2000 Ihe result of the research was expected to suppot fuel efficiency, and decrease the government fuel-oil subsidiary. Construction of Ihe waste hcat- air installation consisted of connecting-pipe (d 15.24 cm) between two eunng-bams. and 0 75 HP blower for blowing the waste heat-air to the second cunng-barn The capacity of the irst curing-barn was 3 547 kg tobacco leaves and second curing-bam was 2 617 kg tobacco leaves. The results of the experiment showed that the installation of the waste hea(-air equipment could reduce 12.39% of fuel consumption of second curing-bam, from 1.352 I kerosene per kg to 1 141 I kerosene per kg of the cured leaves The economic analysis of the equipment al kerosene price Rp 700/1 was that equipment did nol give meaning-full benefit, because the value of B'C ratio 1.29, NPV Rp 99 835 885 and IRR 52.73%, compared to those without waste heal air installation, with BC ratio 1 29, NPV Rp. 98 547 176 and IRR 52.78%. Nevertheless al Rp I 000 1 kerosene price the installation of waste heal-air equipment gave the B'C ratio -1 25. NPV ■ Rp. 88 835 885 and IRR 52 58%, was better than those without equipment installation (BC ratio I 24. NPV Rp. 85 977 099 and IRR' 52 63%). Relative beneit chance would be beter if there was higher kerosene price. Ihe other benefit from the installation of Ihe equipment was to reduce government fuel subsidiary.Key words Nicotiana tabacum I... curing-bam. waste heat-air, installation, quality, economic aspect
THE EFFECT OF THERMAL AND NON-THERMAL REPROCESSING ON MICROBIAL AND OFF-FLAVOR CONTAMINATION OF WHITE PEPPER Kendri Wahyuningsih; Christina Winarti; Sari Intan Kailaku; Hernani Hernani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.108-118

Abstract

Traditional handling and processing technology of pepper (Piper nigrum) at farmer-scale produced white pepper with high microbial and off-flavor, over the SNI quality maximum limit. An experiment to determine the effect of thermal (steam heat) and non-thermal (immersion in ozone water) re-processing on microbial and off-flavor contamination of white pepper, had been executed in Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development work during February – November 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design with 7 treatments and three replications. The seven treatments were: control (no reprocessing), thermal treatment steam heat at 90 - 100°C for 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes and non-thermal immersionin ozonized water for 0, 20, 40, dan 60 minutes. The result showed that thermal and non-thermal reprocessing of white pepper could increase the physical characters, reduce microbial contaminant, as well as off-flavor contamination in produced white pepper. Thermal treatments for 30 minutes was identified as the best treatment. The process had been able to improve the quality of white pepper to meet SNI quality class II, reduced the microbial contaminant and reduced the chemical compounds producing off-flavor. GC-MS analysis showed that the ability of thermal treatment in reducing those compounds, such as hexanoic acid, p-cresol and 3-methyl indole. Meanwhile, propanoic acid and heptanoic acid were undetected.Keywords:   White pepper, hot water vapor, ozone, off-flavor AbstrakPENGARUH PENANGANAN ULANG SECARA TERMAL DAN NON-TERMAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KONTAMINASI MIKROBA DAN BAU MENYIMPANG PADA LADA PUTIHLada putih (Piper nigrum) hasil olahan petani secara tradisional sering menghasilkan biji lada putih yang berbau menyimpang (off-flavor) menyerupai bau kotoran dan cemaran mikroba melebihi ambang batas menurut SNI. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen dari bulan Februari - November 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penanganan ulang biji lada putih secara termal (pemberian uap panas) dan non-termal (perendaman dalam air mengandung ozon) terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia, penurunan kontaminan mikroba dan penekanan bau menyimpang. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi: kontrol (tanpa perlakuan penanganan ulang), perlakuan termal dengan pemberian uap panas pada 90-100 oC selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit serta perlakuan non-termal yaitu perendaman dalam air berozon selama 20, 40, dan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan ulang lada putih secara termal dan non-termal telah mampu memperbaiki mutu fisik, menurunkan kontaminan mikroba dan menekan bau menyimpang pada lada putih. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan secara termal selama 30 menit yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas biji lada putih hingga memenuhi SNI mutu II, menekan kontaminan mikroba dan bau menyimpang secara maksimal. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan termal selama 30 menit telah mampu menurunkan persentase senyawa kimia penyebab bau menyimpang (menyerupai bau tinja dan apek), yaitu senyawa asam heksanoat, p-cresol, dan 3-metil indol. Sedangkan limpahan senyawa asam propanoat dan asam heptanoat sudah hilang tidak terdeteksi oleh instrumen.Kata kunci: Lada putih, uap air panas, ozon, bau menyimpang
SUGARCANE FARM EFFICIENCY IN GORONTALO PROVINCE Jaka Sumarno; Rahmat Hanif Anasiru; Erna Retnawati
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.11-22

Abstract

Sugarcane is an important commodity in Gorontalo Province. However, the development of sugarcane farming is constrained by limited cultivation land and low productivity of sugarcane. The government continues to improve farm productivity and efficiency through the application of technology, optimization of the use of agricultural tools and machinery, production input assistance, improvement of irrigation networks, and other supporting facilities. Increasing farm efficiency is vital to increase farmers' production and income. This study aimed to determine the technical capability, allocative, and economical of sugarcane farming, and find out the factors that influence the efficiency of sugarcane farming in Gorontalo. The study was conducted in 2017 with a survey method with questionnaires or a structured questionnaire. The research location was determined purposively in one of the sugar cane production centers of Gorontalo Province, namely Boalemo Regency. The selection of respondents was carried out by a simple random sampling technique with a total of 47 sugarcane farmers. The data analysis method uses the Cobb Douglas stochastic frontier production function with the Maximum Likelihood Estimates. Financial analysis of farming was done to determine the feasibility of sugarcane farming. The results showed that the average level of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of sugarcane farming in Gorontalo were 0.90, 0.52, and 0.53, which means that sugarcane farming was technically efficient, but not yet allocatively and economically efficient. Six out of seven variables that influence the inefficiency of sugarcane farming were farmers' education, farming experience, frequency of counseling, participation in farmer groups, credit access, and technological assistance. The age variable does not significantly affect the technical inefficiency of sugarcane farming.Keywords  : Maximum Likelihood Estimates, sugarcane national production.
The Effectiveness of Scarification Technique to Break Dormancy Kenaf Seed (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Taufiq Hidayat Rahman Side; Retno Mastuti; Athifah Rosi Widiani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.34-43

Abstract

The kenaf seeds have a hard seed surface structure, seed trichomes, and attached hilum cap tightly that can inhibit the kenaf seed germination process and become one of the causes of physical dormancy. Physical dormancy can be broken by scarification techniques. There are three scarification techniques, namely mechanical, physical, and chemical scarification. This study aimed to determine which scarification techniques were effective against the breaking of kenaf seed dormancy. The research was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute in January-May 2019. The research method used a randomized block design consisting of seven scarification treatments with four replications. The treatment consists of mechanical treatment, water soaking treatment at 70ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 80ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 90ºC for 3 hours, H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes, H2SO4 98% soaking for 10 minutes and H2SO4 98% soaking for 15 minutes. The results showed that the scarification technique had a significant effect on increasing the viability of kenaf seeds. Scarification treatment with H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes effectively broke the dormancy of kenaf seed. It could improve the germination of kenaf seeds up to 6%, reduce the number of seed trichomes, and effectively exfoliate the hilum cap. The study suggest that soaking the kenaf seeds in H2SO4 98% for 10 minutes could be adopted to break the seed dormancy to improve the germination.Keywords: dormancy, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, scarification, seed trichome ABSTRAKEFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK SKARIFIKASI UNTUK MEMATAHKAN DORMANSI BENIH KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)Benih kenaf memiliki struktur permukaan yang keras, trikoma, dan penutup hilum yang menempel kuat. Hal ini dapat menghambat proses perkecambahan benih kenaf dan menjadi salah satu penyebab dormansi fisik. Dormansi fisik dapat dipatahkan dengan teknik skarifikasi. Terdapat tiga teknik skarifikasi, yaitu skarifikasi mekanik, fisik, dan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui teknik skarifikasi yang efektif terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan skarifikasi benih kenaf dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perlakuan mekanik, perendaman air suhu 70ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 80ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 90ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman H2SO4 98%  selama 5 menit, perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 10 menit dan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 15 menit. Banyaknya benih tiap perlakuan adalah 400 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik skarifikasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Perlakuan skarifikasi dengan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 5 menit efektif mematahkan dormansi benih kenaf dan meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih kenaf hingga 6% dan mampu mereduksi jumlah trikoma benih dan efektif dalam pengelupasan hilum cap. Metode pematahan dormansi benih kenaf perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektifitasnya.Kata kunci : dormansi, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, skarifikasi, trikoma benih
FARMERS’ SATISFACTION TOWARD ARRANGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CONTRACT FARMING IN WONOLANGAN SUGAR MILL, PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA Mohammad Rondhi; Devyana Dwi Ratnasari; Agus Supriono; Triana Dewi Hapsari; Ebban Bagus Kuntadi; Titin Agustina; Anik Suwandari; Rokhani Rokhani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.58-68

Abstract

The sugarcane supply chain needs to be efficient and highly coordinated to ensure quality and quantity. Contract farming is an instrument used to achieve efficiency and high coordination of the sugarcane supply chain. The efficiency of contract farming depends on how the contract's arrangement satisfies the requirements and characteristics of each party involved. This study aimed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward the implementation of contract farming. This study was conducted at PG Wonolangan in Probolinggo, East Java, on March, April, and September 2018. The samples used in this study consisted of 100 sugarcane contract farmers in PG Wonolangan and seven employees of PG Wonolangan. Descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses were employed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward contract farming. The results of this study showed that there was a change in the contractual arrangement between PG and farmers. Currently, the role of PG changed from acting as farm credit and inputs supplier into a market guarantor for farmers; the changes reduced the risk and capital requirements of PG. In general, farmers were satisfied with the implementation of contract farming. The farmers' satisfaction increased as farm extension, scheduled planting and harvesting times, and the quickest harvest and transport management. However, they have concerns regarding farm inputs provision and profit-sharing mechanism.Keywords: Sugarcane agribusiness, correlation analysis, supply chainAbstrakKEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP POLA DAN KINERJA KEMITRAAN USAHATANI TEBU DI PABRIK GULA WONOLANGAN, PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMURRantai pasok agribisnis tebu perlu efisiensi dan keeratan koordinasi yang tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas dan kuantitas gula yang dihasilkan. Kemitraan adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan koordinasi rantai pasok agribisnis tebu. Efisiensi kemitraan tergantung pada bagaimana pola kemitraan tersebut bisa memuaskan kebutuhan dan karakteristik pihak yang bermitra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola kemitraan usahatani tebu dan kepuasan petani terhadap kinerja kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Pabrik Gula (PG) Wonolongan di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Maret, April, dan September 2018. Responden terdiri dari 100 petani mitra PG Wonolangan dan 7 pegawai PG Wonolangan. Analisis deskriptif dan korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menjelaskan pola kemitraan dan kepuasan petani terhadap kemitraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pola kemitraan antara PG dengan petani. PG berubah peran dari yang sebelumnya sebagai pemberi kredit dan input usahatani menjadi penjamin pasar, perubahan ini menurunkan risiko usaha PG serta modal awal yang harus dikeluarkan PG. Secara umum, petani mitra merasa puas dengan kemitraan yang dijalankan PG Wonolangan. Faktor yang memperkuat kepuasan petani adalah adanya bimbingan teknis dari PG, teraturnya jadwal tanam dan panen, serta cepatnya proses tebang dan angkut. Akan tetapi fasilitas saprodi, sistem bagi hasil dan penentuan rendemen dengan sistem hamparan merupakan faktor yang menjadi perhatian petani.Kata kunci : Agribisnis tebu, analisis korelasi, rantai pasok.

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