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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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SIDIK LINTAS KARAKTER VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF KELAPA DALAM DI DAERAH PASANG SURUT JAMBI / Path Coefficient Analysis of Vegetative and Generative Characters of Tall Coconut in Tidal Swamp Area of Jambi Miftahorrachman Miftahorrachman; Muhammad Roiyan Romadhon; Jeanette Kumaunang; Ismail Maskromo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 25, No 2 (2019): Desember, 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v25n2.2019.81-90

Abstract

Coconut improvement programs require knowledge of the effect of morphological characters on the coconut yield. The study aimed to determine the effects of fourteen morphological characters on the production of coconut meat character on Kampung Laut and Pengabuan tall coconut. This study was conducted in Kampung Laut and Pengabuan Villages, Jambi Province. Correlation analysis among 15 characters of vegetative, generative, and fruit components used the Walpole formula (1992). Fourteen characters affecting meat production were analyzed by using Path analysis of Singh and Chaudary formula following the R i386 3.5.2 software package in the Agricole package. Correlation analysis resulted in the characters of the number of leaves, number of bunches, number of fruits, polar circumference of fruit, weight of unhusked fruit, equatorial circumference of nut, and weight of endosperm correlated with the production of endosperm, on Kampung Laut tall coconut, while Pengabuan tall coconut have number of fruits, equatorial circumference of nut, and weight of endosperm. The results of path analysis showed that the characters of the number of bunches, number of fruits, and weight of endosperm had a significant direct effect on the production of endosperm on the Kampung Laut tall coconut. While on the Pengabuan tall coconut, only the fruits number and endosperm weight affected the endosperm production. The study indicates that the number of bunches, number of fruits, and weight of endosperm can be used as selection criteria to increase the production of the endosperm of the Kampung Laut and Pangabuan tall coconut.Keywords:   Morphological characters, correlation, fruit components, selection AbstrakProgram perbaikan tanaman kelapa membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang pengaruh karakter morfologi terhadap hasil. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung 14 karakter morfologi terhadap produksi daging buah kelapa Dalam Pengabuan dan kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut asal Propinsi Jambi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kampung Laut, Tanjung Jabung Timur dan Desa Pengabuan, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Propinsi Jambi pada tahun 2017. Analisis korelasi antar 15 karakter vegetatif, generatif, dan komponen buah menggunakan rumus Walpole (1992). Analisis sidik lintas 14 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter produksi daging buah per pohon per tahun, menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Kedua analisis tersebut menggunakan program software R i386 3.5.2 package Agricole. Hasil Analisis korelasi menunjukkan karakter-karakter jumlah daun, jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, lingkar polar buah utuh, bobot buah tanpa sabut, lingkar equatorial biji, dan bobot daging buah berkorelasi dengan produksi daging buah, untuk kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut, sedangkan untuk kelapa Dalam Pengabuan adalah jumlah buah, lingkar equatorial biji, dan bobot daging buah. Hasil analisis lintas menunjukkan bahwa karakter jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, dan bobot daging buah berpengaruh langsung secara nyata terhadap karakter produksi daging buah untuk kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut, sedangkan untuk kelapa Dalam Pangabuan hanya dua karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap produksi daging buah, yaitu karakter jumlah buah dan bobot daging buah. Hasil penelitian mengindikasika bahwa karakter jumlah tandan, jumlah buah, dan bobot daging buah dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk peningkatan produksi daging buah kelapa Dalam Kampung Laut dan kelapa Dalam Pengabuan.Kata kunci: karakter morfologi, korelasi, komponen buah, produksi kelapa, seleksi.
COST OF PRODUCTION AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORGANIC SITRONELA AGRIBUSINESS Ekwasita Rini Pribadi; Agus Kardinan; Octavia Trisilawati; Molide Rizal
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.119-128

Abstract

The cost production and business feasibility is useful in determining the price cost, and decision making for future business development of organic citonella. The research was conducted at the PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi in Jonggol - Bogor Regency in April 2019.  Analysis of the cost of production was carried out by the full costing method. The feasibility test was carried out with several investment feasibility criteria, namely B/C ratio, NPV and IRR.Data collection was done by interviewing key informants, namely: producers and farmers of organic citronella using snowball sampling. The results showed that price cost of seeds, herbs and oil of organic  sitronela were Rp.103,00/cuttings, Rp662,00/kg and Rp205.757,00/kg. The Organic sitronela nursery and herbs were feasible, at 7% / year interest rates,  each  produced Net B/C ratio were 4,7% and NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, and B/C ratio of 1.05, NPV of Rp49.024.781,00 and IRR 17,92% for eleven ha Organic citronella cultivation produced essential oil content of 0.35% to 0.7% lower than inorganic cultivation >1%, thus impact on higher cost of product. In order for the cultivation of organic citronella to develop, the selling price of oil should be more expensive than inorganic citronella oil.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organic, cost price, business feasibility AbstrakANALISA BIAYA POKOK DAN KELAYAKAN AGRIBISNIS SERAI WANGI ORGANIKPerhitungan harga pokok dan kelayakan usaha sangat bermanfaat dalam menetapkan harga jual, dan pengambilan keputusan untuk pengembangan usaha serai wangi organik. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi di Jonggol – Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan April 2019. Analisis harga pokok produksi dilakukan dengan metode full costing. Uji kelayakan dilakukan dengan kriteria kelayakan investasi yaitu B/C ratio, NPV dan IRR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada informan kunci yaitu: produsen serai wangi organik dan petani penggarap menggunakan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha agribisnis serai wangi organik menghasilkan harga pokok benih, daun dan minyak masing-masing sebesar Rp103,00/stek,  Rp662,00/kg dan Rp205.757,00/kg. Usahatani benih dan daun serai wangi organik layak diusahakan, pada suku bunga 7%/tahun. Untuk usaha benih diperoleh B/C 4,7 dan NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, serta untuk usaha daun diperoleh B/C 1,05, NPV Rp49.024.781,00 dan IRR 17,92 % per delapan ha. Budidaya serai wangi organik menghasilkan kadar minyak atsiri 0,35-0,7% lebih rendah dari pada budidaya anorganik (>1%), sehingga berdampak pada harga pokok produk yang lebih tinggi. Agar budidaya serai wangi organik berkembang, harga jual minyak seharusnya lebih mahal dari minyak serai wangi anorganik.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organik, harga pokok, kelayakan usaha
POLLEN VIABILITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) AS A RESULT OF GAMMA RAY IRRADIATION Janis Damaiyani; Sri Adikadarsih; Heri Prabowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.69-77

Abstract

Pest and disease attack is a limiting factor in the production of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Efforts to assemble superior sesame varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases can be a solution to increase productivity. To get superior varieties can be done through mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. The problem is the mutations can affect the viability and morphology of pollen. This research aimed to determine the effect of gamma-ray irradiation doses on the viability and morphology of sesame pollen. It was conducted at Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute and Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Garden-LIPI, from January to May 2019. It was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the type of sesame variety (Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1, and Winas 2),, while the second factor was the dose of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 Gy). The variables to be observed were the viability and morphology of pollen. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation up to a dose of 600 Gy did not affect the morphology, but did affected the viability of sesame pollen. The viability of pollen Sumberrejo 1 and Winas 1 varieties irradiated at doses of 100-300 Gy did not change and remained high (>50%), but at doses >300 Gy, viability decreased up to <50%. In Winas 2, pollen viability <10%, irradiated or not. The morphology of sesame pollen varieties Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1 and 2 have the character of monad, isopolar, stephanoaperture, with various sizes of pollen units.Keywords: irradiation, gamma ray, pollen, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) AbstrakVIABILITAS DAN MORFOLOGI SERBUK SARI TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) HASIL IRADIASI SINAR GAMMASerangan hama penyakit merupakan faktor pembatas dalam produksi wijen (Sesamum indicum L.). Upaya perakitan varietas unggul wijen yang tahan terhadap hama penyakit dapat menjadi solusi agar produktivitasnya meningkat. Untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul, dapat dilakukan melalui mutasi menggunakan iradiasi sinar gamma. Kendalanya adalah mutasi dapat memengaruhi viabilitas dan morfologi serbuk sari. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap viabilitas dan morfologi serbuk sari wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat serta Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya-LIPI, dari bulan Januari hingga Mei 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis varietas wijen (varietas Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1, dan Winas 2), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah dosis iradiasi sinar gamma (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 600 Gy).Variabel yang diamati adalah viabilitas  dan morfologi serbuk sari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma sampai dengan dosis 600 Gy tidak memengaruhi morfologi, tetapi memengaruhi viabilitas serbuk sari wijen. Viabilitas serbuk sari varietas Sumberrejo 1 dan Winas 1 hasil iradiasi dengan dosis 100-300 Gy tidak berubah dan tetap tinggi (>50%), tetapi pada dosis >300 Gy, viabilitas menurun hingga <50%.  Pada Winas 2, viabilitas serbuk sari <10%, baik diiradiasi maupun tidak. Morfologi serbuk sari wijen varietas Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1 dan 2 memiliki karakter monad, isopolar, stephanoaperture, dengan ukuran unit yang bervariasi.Kata kunci:  iradiasi, sinar gamma, serbuk sari, wijen (Sesamum indicum L.)
Dormancy Breaking and Stimulation of Apical and Basal Sugarcane Stem to Increase Multiplication Index Dian Hapsari Ekaputri; Endah Retno Palupi; Purwono Purwono; Sri Suhesti
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.1-11

Abstract

Sugarcane is propagated by stem cuttings, each stem consisted of 13-18 nodes. However, only 8 nodes at the middle part of the sugarcane stem are taken for cuttings/bud setts. The objective of the research was to investigate the possibility used of apical and basal stems as planting materials and to investigate dormancy breaking and stimulating bud growth methods of apical and basal stems. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the position of bud setts in a stem (apical, middle, and basal). The second factor was dormancy breaking and growth-promoting solutions (IAA 100 ppm, IAA 200 ppm, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, KNO3 3%, ZA 0.36% for 30 min. and hot water treatment (HWT) 500C for 1 and 2 hours). All the treatments were replicated three times. The result showed that soaking apical bud setts in IAA 100 ppm or water could increase 3 shooted bud setts, whereas basal bud setts soaked in KNO3 3% or water could increase 1 shooted bud setts. Soaking bud setts from the middle part of the stem in water, ZA 0.36% or KNO3 3% resulted in 6 shooted bud setts. Bud setts from apical and basal stems could be used as planting materials, which increase the multiplication index to 1:11, higher than the current procedure (1:6). Soaking into the water for 30 minutes recommended for dormancy breaking and stimulating apical and basal bud setts.Keywords: Auxin, basal, bud setts, multiplication index, nitrogen AbstrakSTUDI PEMATAHAN DORMANSI DAN PERCEPATAN PERTUNASAN RUAS BATANG ATAS DAN BAWAH TEBU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN FAKTOR PENANGKARANTebu diperbanyak menggunakan setek batang, setiap batang terdiri dari 13-18 ruas, tetapi hanya 8 ruas yang digunakan untuk setek batang satu mata/bud setts. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi potensi pemanfaatan batang atas dan batang bawah tebu sebagai sumber benih dan mendapatkan metode perlakuan benih untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih yang berasal dari batang atas dan bawah tebu. Rancangan penelitian yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 Faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu bagian batang (atas, tengah dan bawah). Faktor kedua adalah pematahan dormansi dan percepatan pertunasan dengan perendaman dalam larutan IAA 100 ppm, IAA 200 ppm, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, KNO3 3%, ZA 0,36% selama 30 menit, hot water treatment (HWT) 500C selama 1 dan 2 jam. Semua perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Perendaman bud setts batang atas dalam larutan IAA 100 ppm atau air menghasilkan tambahan 3 bud setts, sedangkan perendaman bud setts yang berasal dari batang bawah dalam larutan KNO3 3% atau air menghasilkan tambahan 1 bud setts. Perendaman bud setts yang berasal dari batang tengah dalam air, ZA 0,36% atau KNO3 3% menghasilkan 6 bud setts. Penggunaan batang atas dan bawah sebagai bahan tanam dapat meningkatkan faktor penangkaran menjadi 1:11 (jika berdasarkan Standar Operasional Prosedur 1:6). Perendaman dengan air selama 30 menit direkomendasikan untuk pematahan dormansi dan percepatan pertunasan bud setts asal batang atas dan bawah tebu.Kata kunci : Auksin, batang bawah, bud setts, faktor penangkaran, nitrogen. 
DIVERSITY OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ORIGINATED FROM Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih; Setiyani, Alfi Dwi; Radiastuti, Nani; Sofiana, Indah; Suryadi, Yadi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.78-91

Abstract

Asiatic Pennyworth (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant known to be symbiotic with various types of endophytic fungi. There are extensively studied as a source of new bioactive compounds, including extracellular enzymes. This study aimed to characterize enzymes produced by 40 endophytic fungi from C. asiatica. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Bogor and the Microbiology Laboratory, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in February to April 2019. Seven enzymes screened were asparaginase, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, glucanase, and laccase on Potato Dextrose Agar enriched with a specific substrate. The results showed that the number and type of enzymes produced by the fungi varied.  Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp.MB11, Fusariumkeratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phomamultirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, and Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 produced the highest enzyme number, i.e., six types of enzymes.  Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 produced the highest index value for asparaginase (index 2.65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, and Phoma multirostrata MB16 for amylase (index 2.00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 for cellulase (index 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 for pectinase (index4.12); C. tabaci MB14 for protease (index 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 for glucanase (index 1.68); and Fusarium solani MM03 for laccase (index 0.22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 was superior because it produced the highest of 3 enzymes (asparaginase, amylase, and protease).  Further study is required to find optimal conditions for each enzyme production for industrial purposes.Keywords: Asiatic Pennyworth, extracellular enzyme, in vitro production Abstrak KERAGAMAN ENZIM EKSTRASELULER DIHASILKAN OLEH JAMUR ENDOFIT ASAL Centella asiatica (L.) UrbanTanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica) adalah tanaman obat yang dikenal bersimbiosis dengan berbagai jenis jamur endofit. Jamur endofit dipelajari secara ekstensif sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif baru, termasuk enzim ekstraseluler. Enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase digunakan dalam industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi beberapa produksi enzim dari 40 jamur endofit dari C. asiatica. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada bulan Februari hingga April 2019. Skrining enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase dilakukan pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar yang diperkaya dengan substrat tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan jenis enzim yang dihasilkan oleh jamur bervariasi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp. MB11, Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phoma multirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, dan Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 menghasilkan jumlah enzim tertinggi (6 jenis enzim). Berdasarkan enzim yang diproduksi (nilai indeks), Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 menghasilkan asparaginase tertinggi (indeks 2,65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, dan Phoma multirostrata MB16 untuk amilase (indeks 2,00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 untuk selulase (indeks 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 untuk pektinase (indeks 4.12); C. tabaci MB14 untuk protease (indeks 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 untuk glukanase (indeks 1,68); dan Fusarium solani MM03 untuk lakase (indeks 0,22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 merupakan isolat yang unggul penghasil 3 jenis enzim tertinggi (asparaginase, amilase, dan protease).  Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis secara kuantitatif produksi enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan dan prospeknya untuk keperluan industri.Kata kunci:  Enzim ekstraseluler, pegagan, produksi in vitro 
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Kemiri Sunan Population in East Nusa Tenggara Based on RAPD Markers Izzah, Nur Kholilatul; Herman, Maman; Wardiana, Edi; Pranowo, Dibyo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.12-21

Abstract

Genetic diversity analysis is the first step to determine the level of genetic diversity of kemiri sunan accessions. High genetic diversity in generative propagated germplasm collection is a basic foundation to develop new high-yielding varieties. The research aimed to detect the genetic diversity of kemiri sunan population in NTT based on RAPD markers. The study was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory, Balittri, Sukabumi from May to July 2019. A total of 32 kemiri sunan accessions were obtained from a private plantation owned by PT BHLI in Bajawa, Flores, NTT analyzed its genetic diversity using 40 RAPD markers. Markers that produced polymorphic bands were scored in binary data format and were then used for genetic diversity analysis using the NTSYS program. Results showed that 11 RAPD markers were polymorphic and generated a total of 41 bands consisting of 32 polymorphic bands (78.05%) and 9 monomorphic bands (21.95%). The genetic diversity analysis with a genetic similarity value of 0.737 showed that the 32 kemiri sunan accessions were divided into 2 clusters. Among those, two accessions (T2 and T4) can be selected as candidates for new high-yielding varieties, because they are located in different groups and showed high per plant fruit number. The result of the study also obtained the genetic distance value between kemiri sunan accessions varies from 0.00 to 0.46. The combination of two kemiri sunan accessions with a high genetic distance value should be useful as parents to obtain F1 progeny with a high heterosis effect.Keywords: Accesion, genetic diversity, parental selection, RAPD marker, Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy ShawAbstrakANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK POPULASI KEMIRI SUNAN DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR BERDASARKAN MARKA RAPDAnalisis keragaman genetik merupakan langkah awal untuk mengetahui tingkat keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dari setiap aksesi kemiri sunan. Keragaman genetik yang tinggi pada koleksi plasma nutfah yang diperbanyak secara generatif merupakan modal dasar dalam upaya untuk merakit varietas unggul baru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keragaman genetik populasi kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) berdasarkan marka RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu, Balittri, Sukabumi mulai bulan Mei sampai Juli 2019. Sebanyak 32 aksesi kemiri sunan yang diperoleh dari perkebunan swasta milik PT BHLI di Bajawa, Flores, NTT, dianalisis keragaman genetiknya menggunakan 40 marka RAPD. Marka yang menghasilkan pita polimorphic diskoring dalam format data biner dan digunakan untuk analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan program NTSYS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 11 marka RAPD bersifat polimorfik dengan jumlah pita sebanyak 41 yang terdiri dari 32 pita polimorfik (78,05%) dan 9 pita monomorfik (21,95%). Sementara, hasil analisis keragaman genetik membagi 32 aksesi kemiri sunan menjadi 2 kelompok pada nilai kesamaan genetik 0,737. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh dua aksesi kemiri sunan (T2 dan T4) yang dapat dipilih sebagai kandidat varietas unggul baru, karena terdapat pada kelompok yang berbeda dan mempunyai jumlah buah yang banyak. Dari hasil penelitian juga diperoleh nilai jarak genetik antar aksesi kemiri sunan yang bervariasi, yaitu 0,00-0,46. Kombinasi dari dua aksesi kemiri sunan dengan nilai jarak genetik yang tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan untuk mendapatkan keturunan F1 yang lebih unggul.Kata kunci : Aksesi, keragaman genetik, marka RAPD, Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, seleksi tetua
POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND YOUNG SHOOT REMOVAL OF LARGE WHITE GINGER PLANT IMPROVE RHIZOME SEEDS STORABILITY Melati Melati; Satriyas Ilyas; Endah Retno Palupi; Anas D. Susila
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.92-107

Abstract

The application of the appropriate potassium dosage is expected to produce high quality of rhizome seeds, hence improving its storability.Growing shoots are a strong sink. Thus, shoot removal aims to divert the photosynthate partition of shoots to the rhizome to improve rhizome development. The purpose of the research was to evaluate K dosage and young shoot removal:s effect to improve the production and quality of rhizome seeds of large white ginger. The experiment was arranged in the glasshouse in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was shoot removal treatments: 1) un removal, and 2) young shoots removal at six months after planting(MAP). The subplots were five doses of K; 0, 150 kg/ha, 300kg/ha, 450kg/ha, 600 kg/ha equivalent to 0, 3.75, 7.5, 11.25 and 15 g/plant respectively. The potassium fertilization was two times at 1 and 3 MAP, half dosage for each application. There was no interaction between young shoot removal and potassium dosage on the rhizome’s yield, physical, and biochemical quality. However, potassium dosage affected seed viability significantly. Potassium dosage presented a quadratic response with 7.5 g K/plant gave the best seed viability, whereas the optimum dosage for plant height was at 6.7 g K/plant. Shoot removal at 6 MAP produced seeds with enhanced storability, up to 9 months. Furthermore, it also improved seed viability as indicated by better seed growth than unremoval shoot treatment.Keywords: optimum dosage, seed quality, yield, Zingiber officinal. AbstrakPEMUPUKAN KALIUM DAN PEMBUANGAN TUNAS MUDA TANAMAN JAHE MENINGKATKAN DAYA SIMPAN BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESARPemberian pupuk K yang tepat diharapkan dapat menghasilkan benih rimpang yang bermutu tinggi karena dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Tunas yang sedang berkembang merupakan sink yang kuat. Pembuangan tunas bertujuan untuk dapat mengalihkan partisi fotosintat dari tunas ke rimpang. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk K dan mengetahui pengaruh pembuangan tunas muda terhadap produksi benih dan mutu rimpang jahe putih besar (JPB) sehingga memiliki daya simpan lama. Percobaan disusun dengan rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah pembuangan tunas yaitu: 1)tanpa pembuangan tunas, dan 2)tunas muda dibuang pada 6 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Anak petak adalah lima dosis pupuk K yang diberikan pada 30 dan 90 BST yaitu: 1) tanpa K, 2) 150 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha, 450kg/ha, 600 kg/ha. Dosis pupuk tersebut setara dengan penambahan 0; 3,75; 7,5; 11,25 dan 15 g per tanaman masing-masing 1/2 dosis pada setiap pemberian. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa faktor tunggal pembuangan tunas muda pada umur 6 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan pupuk K tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan mutu fisik serta biokimia rimpang. Dosis pupuk K memengaruhi viabilitas benih yang dihasilkan. Viabilitas benih terbaik didapatkan pada penambahan pupuk K dosis 7,5 g/tanaman dengan respon kuadratik dan konsentrasi optimum untuk tinggi tanaman adalah 6,7 g/tanaman. Pembuangan tunas muda tanaman induk pada 6 BST menghasilkan benih yang dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu 9 bulan serta viabilitas benih dengan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman tanpa pembuangan tunas.Kata kunci: dosis optimum, mutu benih, produksi, Zingiber officinal.
The Effect of Colchicine onGenome Size and Agronomical Traits and Correlation with Sugarcane Putative Mutants Production Nurya Yuniyati; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Sri Suhesti
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.22-33

Abstract

The mutation could improve plant genetic variability. Some putative sugarcane mutants originating from the PS 881 variety have been produced through mutation induction using colchicine. The study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine induced on genome size and agronomical traits, and its correlation with sugarcane putative mutants production. The experiment was conducted at the UPBUP of IAARD, Bogor, July 2018-April 2019. The research was carried out in an augmented design in randomized complete block design, using 35 genotypes of the first generation G0 (30 putative mutants from colchicine 0.03 and 0.05%, five check varieties). The genome size, agronomical traits, i.e. stem number, length, diameter, and weight per meter; internode number and length; brix, and production, were evaluated. This result showed that colchicine increased 5.03-13.64% genome size of putative sugarcane mutants compared to the original variety PS 881. It is significantly different for almost all of agronomical traits. The genome size was significantly correlated very positively with brix and significantly positively with stem length and diameter, and production. Path analysis showed that stem (weight per meter and length) has a direct effect on production, in contrast, genome size, stem diameter, internode number, and brix have an indirect effect through stem weight per meter to production. Indirect selection to obtain high production can be done through stem (weight per meter and length), consider for genome size, stem diameter, internode number, and brix. This is  experimental preliminary information, validation on field is needed among direct and indirect of production components to production.Keywords: agronomical traits correlation, colchicine, path analysis, sugarcane production AbstrakPENGARUH KOLKISIN TERHADAP UKURAN GENOM DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI MUTAN PUTATIF TEBUPeningkatan keragaman genetik dapat dilakukan melalui mutasi. Sejumlah mutan putatif tebu yang berasal dari varietas PS 881 telah dihasilkan melalui induksi mutasi menggunakan kolkisin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kolkisin terhadap ukuran genom dan karakter agronomi, serta hubungannya dengan produksi mutan putatif tebu. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian (UPBUP), Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor, Juli 2018-April 2019. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan augmented dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap, dengan 35 genotipe generasi awal G0 (30 mutan putatif tebu hasil perlakuan kolkisin 0,03 dan 0,05%, serta lima varietas pembanding). Karakter yang diamati adalah ukuran genom dan karakter agronomi (jumlah, panjang, diameter, dan bobot batang per meter; jumlah dan panjang ruas; brix; serta produksi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kolkisin meningkatkan ukuran genom mutan putatif tebu 5,03-13,64% dibandingkan tetua PS 881 dan mengakibatkan perbedaan yang nyata pada hampir seluruh karakter agronomi. Ukuran genom berkorelasi positif sangat nyata dengan brix dan nyata dengan panjang dan diameter batang, serta produksi. Analisis lintas menunjukkan karakter bobot batang per meter dan panjang batang berpengaruh langsung pada produksi, sedangkan karakter ukuran genom, diameter batang, jumlah ruas, dan brix berpengaruh tak langsung pada produksi melalui bobot batang per meter. Seleksi tak langsung untuk mendapatkan produksi tinggi terutama melalui karakter bobot batang per meter dan panjang batang dengan mempertimbangkan karakter ukuran genom, diameter batang, jumlah ruas, dan brix. Hasil penelitian merupakan informasi awal yang memerlukan validasi hubungan pengaruh langsung dan tak langsung komponen produksi terhadap produksi di tingkat lapangan.Kata kunci : analisis lintas, kolkisin, korelasi karakter agronomi, produksi tebu 
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STABILITY OF MICROPROPAGATED SUGARCANE IN DIFFERENT SUBCULTURE FREQUENCIES USING SSR MARKER Alfia Annur Aini Azizi; Ika Roostika; Reflinur Reflinur; Darda Efendi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.49-57

Abstract

In vitro technique is an effective method to produce high quality and uniform sugarcane seedlings. This study was aimed to determine genetic stability based on SSR marker analysis of six varieties of sugarcane subcultured in regeneration media. It was conducted at the ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bogor, from May 2015 to October 2016. Six sugarcane varieties (PS 862, PS 865, PS 881, PSJK 922, TK 386, and GMP 3) derived from apical shoot explants were subcultured on MS regeneration media enriched with 0.3 mg/l BAP; 0.5 mg/l IBA; and 100 mg/l PVP, for 3, 6 and 9 times. Sugarcane DNA was extracted using the CTAB method; then, the genetic stability was analyzed using 20 pairs of SSR primers. Data were analyzed in groups using the UPGMA method in the SAHN subprogram available on NTSYS software. The results showed that five sugarcane varieties (PS 865, PS 881, PSJK 922, TK 386, and GMP 3) subcultured up to nine times on the regeneration media remained genetically stable with similarity coefficient to their mother plants value more than 0.94.  However, PS 862 variety had genetically unstable after the sixth and the ninth subcultures, the similarity coefficient value to its mother plant was only 0.64, indicated that it experienced somaclonal variations. The study concluded that the in vitro shoots of the other varieties were more genetically stable during subcultures compared to PS 862 sugarcane variety based on SSR marker analysis. Further study is needed to find out the cause of genetic changes in PS 862.Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, apical shoots, in vitro propagation.
The Effectiveness of Melaleuca bracteata Oil Formula on Trapping of Fruit Fly Pests (Bactrocera spp.) Agus Kardinan; Elna Karmawati
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.44-50

Abstract

 Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) can cause yield losses of 30-40% of the horticultural product and even crop failure. One way to control is to use an attractant with the active ingredient methyl eugenol. The objective of the research was to identify the catching ability and the durability of the formula on trapping fruit flies. It was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 in orchards in the Bogor area, designed in a randomized block with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of oils: (1) nutmeg, (2) cloves, (3) citronella, (4) palm, (5) melaleuca + nutmeg, (6) melaleuca + cloves, (7) melaleuca + citronella, (8 ) melaleuca + palm (1:1 ratio). As much as 1 ml of oil is dropped on a cotton swab in a trap bottle and hung on a fruit tree. Observations were made every 5 days by counting the number, type of flies, and sex of the flies trapped. It showed that nutmeg and clove oil were able to trap 5 and 7 fruit flies in the first 5 days, but subsequently no flies were trapped, while citronella and palm oil were unable to trap fruit flies. A mixture of melaleuca oil containing 84.86% methyl eugenol with nutmeg, citronella, and palm oil was able to trap fruit flies for about 3 months with a total catch of 2.479; 2.434; and 2.487, respectively, while the mixture of melaleuca+cloves was able to trap fruit flies for 4 months and was able to trap 2 female flies.Keywords:   Attractant, Bactrocera spp., Melaleuca bracteata, methyl eugenol AbstrakEfektivitas Formula Minyak Melaleuca bracteata Terhadap Daya Tangkap Hama Lalat Buah (Bactrocera spp.)Lalat buah (Bactrocera spp) dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 30–40% pada produk hortikultura, bahkan gagal panen. Salah satu cara pengendaliannya adalah dengan menggunakan atraktan (pemikat) berbahan aktif metil eugenol (C11H14O2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tangkap dan daya tahan formula dalam memerangkap hama lalat buah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 sampai Maret 2021 di kebun buah-buahan (rambutan, jambu biji, dan jambu air) di Bogor, dengan rancangan acak kelompok 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan.  Perlakuan terdiri dari minyak : (1) pala, (2) cengkeh, (3) serai wangi, (4) sawit, (5) melaleuca + pala, (6) melaleuca + cengkeh, (7) melaleuca + serai wangi, (8) melaleuca + sawit (dengan perbandingan 1 :1).  Sebanyak 1 ml minyak diteteskan pada kapas di dalam botol perangkap dan digantungkan pada pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari terhadap jumlah, jenis dan jenis kelamin lalat yang terperangkap. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minyak pala dan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah sebanyak 5 dan 7 ekor berturut-turut pada 5 hari pertama, namun selanjutnya tidak ada lalat yang terperangkap, sedangkan minyak serai wangi dan sawit tidak mampu memerangkap lalat buah. Campuran minyak melaleuca yang mengandung metil eugenol 84,86% dengan minyak pala, serai wangi dan sawit mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama sekitar 3 bulan dengan total tangkapan sebesar 2,479; 2,434; dan 2,487 ekor per perangkap berturut-turut, sedangkan campuran Melaleuca dengan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama 4 bulan dan mampu memerangkap 2 ekor lalat betina, walaupun dengan jumlah tangkapan yang lebih rendah (2,078 ekor) daripada perlakuan lain.Kata kunci : Atraktan, Bactrocera spp., Melaleuca bracteata, metil eugenol

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