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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Articles 257 Documents
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC SOILS IN BANTEN AREA I, FAUZI A.; ZAUYAH, S.; STOOPS, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 22 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n22.2004.%p

Abstract

Four pedons derived from acid and intermediary tuffs in Banten area had been described and sampled for a pedogenesis study. Micromorphological features related to pedogenesis processes were observed through thin sections of some representative horizons using a petrographic microscope. Mineralogical, chemical, and physical data were also used to support interpretation. The results showed that microstructures of soils developed on intermediary tuff had more porous structures and homogenous finemass than those on acid tuff. Groundmass of the soils on intermediary tuff was characterized by dominant fine mass yellowish to reddish brown color, andwith few opaque and weathered minerals. Whereas the soils on the acid tuff had light to strong brown finemass and many coarse quartz particles. Pedofeatures were found as clay coatings on pores especially in the soils with clear dry season climate. Pumice particles and some fresh plagioclase in the surface horizons of the soils was predicted to come from Krakatau ash of the eruption in 1883. Generally, micromorphological, mineralogical,chemical, and physical characteristics of the soils indicated that weathering process and soil genesis more intensive on the intermediary tuff than on the acid tuff. This research is expected to give more knowledge about micromorphological characteristics and pedogenesis processes of the volcanic soils and the influence of Krakatau ash in Banten area.
C-organik Tanah di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Sumatera Utara: Status dan Hubungan dengan Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Rana Farrasati; Iput Pradiko; Suroso Rahutomo; Edy Sigit Sutarta; Heri Santoso; Fandi Hidayat
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 43, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v43n2.2019.157-165

Abstract

Abstrak. C-organik tanah pada perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat dijadikan salah satu parameter keberlanjutan ekosistem dan kesuburan tanah. Perubahan sifat kimia tanah yang dinamis tidak lepas dari proses biogeokimia dari mineralisasi dan pelapukan bahan organik menjadi C-organik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status C-organik tanah serta kaitannya dengan sifat kimia tanah lainnya dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun dari tahun 2009 sampai tahun 2014 di perkebunan kelapa sawit Sumatera Utara, dengan jenis tanah Inceptisols dan Ultisols. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji komparatif T- paired antara kebun yang diamati pada tahun 2009 dan 2014 untuk melihat perubahan nilai C-organik, dan parameter sifat kimia tanah. Uji korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat keterkaitan antara C-organik dengan parameter sifat kimia tanah lainnya, yaitu kadar N, kejenuhan Al, pH, dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 25 kebun pengamatan, nilai C-organik dari 3 kebun meningkat dan 6 kebun menurun secara signifikan, sedangkan 16 lainnya tidak berbeda nyata. Dalam periode 5 tahun, kandungan C-organik tanah cenderung fluktuatif namun tetap berada pada kelas yang sama dengan kisaran rendah hingga sedang (<1,75%). Peningkatan nilai C-organik hanya berkorelasi linier dan nyata dengan N pada tanah Inceptisols (r = 0,392). Sedangkan, pada tanah Ultisols, peningkatan C-organik tanah secara nyata diikuti dengan penurunan nilai pH (r = -0,141). 
Pengaruh Amelioran, Pupuk dan Sistem Pengelolaan Tanah Sulfat Masam terhadap Hasil Padi dan Emisi Metana Wahida Annisa; Dedi Nursyamsi
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 40, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v40n2.2016.135-145

Abstract

Abstrak: Hasil yang tinggi dan emisi metana yang rendah merupakan tujuan pengelolaan lahan basah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh amelioran, pupuk, dan sistem pengelolaan terhadap hasil padi dan emisi metana. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sulfat masam Kalimantan Selatan dengan rancangan split-split plot. Petak utama adalah tipe penggunaan lahan yaitu: S1= pengelolaan tradisional (alami), dan S2= pengelolaan intensif. Anak petak adalah pemupukan NPK yaitu: P1=NPK 100%, P2=NPK 75%. Dosis NPK 100% sesuai dengan rekomendasi yaitu (kg ha-1) 200 Urea; 100 SP 36; 100 KCl. Sedangkan anak-anak petak adalah perlakuan amelioran: B0=Tanpa bahan organik, B1= Pola petani, B2=Kompos (kombinasi kompos Jerami 30%+ Kompos Purun 30%+ Kompos Kotoran Sapi 40%), B3=Biochar sekam padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi metana tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan S2P1B1 yaitu sebesar 30,40 kg ha-1 musim-1 dengan nilai indeks produksi padi (rasio hasil per emisi metana) sebesar 82,8 dan hasil gabah sebesar 2,5 t ha-1. Hasil gabah tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan S2P2B2 yaitu sebesar 3,4 t ha-1 dengan nilai indeks produksi padi sebesar 438,9 dan emisi metana sebesar 7,75 kg ha-1 musim-1. Indeks produksi padi tertinggi terlihat pada perlakuan tanpa amelioran (kontrol) dengan pemupukan NPK 100% yaitu sebesar 788,6 namun hasil gabah hanya 1,95 t ha-1, walaupun emisi metana rendah (2,47 kg ha-1 musim-1). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tujuan meningkatkan hasil padi masih belum sejalan dengan penurunan emisi metana sehingga yang disarankan adalah perlakuan S2P2B2 karena memberikan hasil tertinggi.Abstract. High yield and low methane emission are two goals in wetland management systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and compost on methane emission and yield of rice on acid sulphate soils. The research was conducted on acid sulfate soil in South Kalimantan using a split-split plot design. The main plot was two management regimes which were traditional (S1) and intensive (S2) managements. The sub plot was the NPK fertilization, namely: P1 = NPK 100%, and P2 = NPK 75% of the recommended rate of NPK. The recommendations rate of NPK fertilizers was (kg ha-1) 200 urea; 100 SP 36; and 100 KCl. Sub-sub plots were ameliorants: B0 = Without ameliorants, B1= Farmers’ practice, B2= Compost (a combination of ‘Straw’ Compost 30% + ‘Purun’ Compost 30% + ‘Cattle Manure’ Compost 40%), and B3 = Biochar of rice husk. The results showed that the highest methane emissions amounted to 30.40 kg ha-1 season-1 was resulted from S2P1B2 treatment, with the production index (yield/methane emission) of 82.8 and grain yield of 2.5 t ha-1. The highest grain yield of 3.4 t ha-1 was shown in the treatment S2P2B2 with the production index of 438.9 and methane emissions of 7.75 kg ha-1 season-1. The highest rice production index of 788.6 was obtained in the treatment without ameliorant and 100% NPK fertilization. This treatment gave grain yield of only 1.95 t ha-1 and the methane emissions of 2.47 kg ha-1 season-1. This research concluded that the objective of high yield is not synchronized with low methane emission and thus treatment S2P2B2 with the highest yield is remommended.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Senyawa Humat dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) Putri Tunjung Sari; Ach. Fauzan Mas&#039;udi; Josi Ali Arifandi
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 44, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.71-79

Abstract

Abstrak. Proses pembibitan ubijalar haruslah didukung dengan ketersediaan hara yang cukup agar mampu meningkatkan produksi bibit yang berkualitas. Penambahan pupuk kandang ayam dan senyawa humat mampu meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam dan senyawa humat terhadap jumlah bibit ubi jalar dan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pupuk kandang ayam dan faktor senyawa humat. Variabel pengamatan meliputi variabel kuantitas bibit dan variabel kesuburan tanah. Variabel kuantitas bibit adalah jumlah cabang dan jumlah bibit stek yang dihasilkan sedangkan variabel kesuburan tanah meliputi C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia dan K tersedia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam dan senyawa humat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah cabang, jumlah bibit stek yang dihasilkan, N-Total, P-tersedia dan K-tersedia yang terdapat di dalam tanah. Pemberian faktor tunggal pupuk kandang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan C-organik tanah. Kombinasi terbaik dalam meningkatkan kualitas bibit dan kesuburan tanah yaitu A2P3 (senyawa humat 200 ml dan pupuk kandang ayam 60 gram/tanaman/5 kg tanah). Abstract. The sweet potato seedling process must be supported by the availability of sufficient nutrients to increase the number of quality seed. The addition of manure and humic substance can increase soil fertility. This study aims to determine the effect of manure and humic substance applications on the quantity of sweet potato seeds and quality of soil fertility. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: manure and humic substance. The observation variables included seed quantity  and soil fertility. Seed quantity variable is the number of branches and number of cuttings produced while soil fertility variables include organic-C, total-N, available-P, and available- K. The results showed that the combination of manure and humic substance increased  the number of branches, the number of cuttings produced, total- N, available-P, and available-K contained in the soil. A single factor of manure influences increase  soil organic-C. The best combination for improving seed quality and soil fertility is A2P3 (200 ml humic substance and 60-gram manure/plant/5 kg of soil).
Impact of Landuse Change to Erosion at Cidanau Watersheed, Banten K. MUNIBAH; SANTUN R.P. SITORUS; E. RUSTIADI; K. GANDASASMITA; . HARTRISARI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 32 (2010): Desember 2010
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n32.2010.%p

Abstract

Landuse is a manifestation of relationship between human activities and environmental changes, like erosion. Impact of landuse change to erosion was already happened, such as decreasing of soil fertility, flood at low land. An anticipation of landuse change was one of several alternatives that can minimize erosion. The objectives of this research were to analyze the impact of landuse change and to create the recommendation of landuse that can minimize erosion. Prediction map of landuse on 2018 and 2030 were obtained from previous research. Erosion rate were caluculated based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). This research predicted that landuse change could increase erosion rate, with asumsion if no change in term of RKLS values. The actual erosion rate (A) were 149,7 t ha-1 year-1 (2006), 154,4 t ha-1 year-1 (2018), and 159,2 t ha-1 year-1 (2030). This erosion rate were 3,7-4,9 times bigger than the tolerable erosion rate (TSL = 40 t ha-1 year-1). Modification of C and P values could minimize the actual erosion rate (A) until less than the tolerable erosion rate (A<TSL). Results of this research could be used as input for landuse planning, especially for landuse that would increase erosion rate.
Tumpangsari Jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) untuk Efisiensi Penggunaan dan Peningkatan Produksi Lahan Pasang Surut Iin Siti Aminah; Dedik Budianta; Munandar Munandar; Yakup Perto; Erizal Sodikin
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.119-128

Abstract

Validation of Evapotranspiration Prediction Model: An Effort to Complete the National Climate Database System ELEONORA RUNTUNUWU; HARIS SYAHBUDDIN; ARIS PRAMUDIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 27 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n27.2008.%p

Abstract

To cope with limited evapotranspiration data, recently, there are many evapotranspiration estimation methods have been developed. Those methods were generally developed in sub tropic region when climate is not similar with Indonesia and the methods may not be applied directly. Validation of several estimation methods including Blaney Criddle, Radiation, Penman, and Pan Evaporation have been done in Cikarawang (Bogor) and Ciledug (Tangerang). The average correction factor andcorrelation coefficient (r) were respectively 1.83 for Blaney Criddle method (r = 0.97); 1.90 for Radiation method (r=0.97); 1.10 for Penman method (r=0.96), and 1.81 for Pan Evaporation method (r=0.98). Penman is the best method with regard on the smallest correction factor especially for station with complete climatic data. Since all methods have correlationcoefficient of more than 0.95, those methods can be used to estimate evapotranspiration based on the available climatic data. The present study used the Penman and Pan Evaporation methods to estimate evapotranspiration in Bogor for period of 1995-2005. The study provides insight into alternative to estimate the evapotranspiration for the area with no lysimeter. The method is selected by considering the available climatic data.
Karakteristik Tanah-tanah dari Bahan Induk Abu Volkan Muda di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Suratman Suratman; Hikmatullah Hikmatullah; Andi Amran Sulaeman
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.1-12

Abstract

Abstrak: Tanah-tanah yang terbentuk dari abu volkan muda umumnya mempunyai sifat-sifat unik dan berpotensi tinggi untuk pertanian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan perbedaan sifat-sifat fisik-kimia dan komposisi mineral tanah-tanah yang berasal dari bahan induk abu volkan muda di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Lima profil tanah abu volkan muda berasal dari lereng utara G. Tangkubanperahu (SL-325), lereng timur G. Ceremai (SA-44), lereng barat G. Jembangan (HK-603), dan lereng utara G. Slamet (TG-5 dan YP27) telah dipilih dan dideskripsi sifat-sifat morfologinya di lapangan, dan sebanyak 22 contoh telah dianalisis sifat-sifat fisik-kimia dan komposisi mineral pasirnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan induk tanah dari G. Tangkubanperahu dan G. Jembangan bersifat intermedier, yang didominasi oleh plagioklas intermedier, amfibol dan piroksen serta gelas volkan. Bahan induk dari G. Ceremai dan G. Slamet bersifat lebih basis yang dicirikan selain oleh kandungan mineral-mineral tersebut juga terdapat mineral olivin. Cadangan mineral mudah lapuk masih cukup tinggi (41-84%). Tanah dari G. Tangkubanperahu bertekstur lempung berdebu, reaksi tanah masam, dan kejenuhan basa rendah. Tanah dari G. Jembangan bertekstur liat yang menunjukkan tanah lebih berkembang, reaksi tanah masam dan kejenuhan basa rendah. Sedangkan tanah dari G. Ceremai bertekstur lempung berpasir, reaksi tanah netral dan kejenuhan basa sangat tinggi. Tanah dari G. Slamet bertekstur lempung sampai lempung berliat, reaksi tanah agak masam dan kejenuhan basa sangat tinggi. Semua profil memenuhi persyaratan sifat andik [(BD <0,90 g cm-3, retensi P >85%, (Alo+0,5Feo) ekstraksi asam oksalat > 2,0%)], dan karenanya tanah tersebut diklasifikasikan sebagai Andisols pada tingkat Ordo menurut Soil Taxonomy.Abstract. The soils formed from volcanic ash have unique properties and high potential for agriculture use. The objective of the research was to study the differences between physical-chemical properties and mineral composition of volcanic ash soils in West Java and Central Java. Five volcanic ash soil profiles, from northern slope of G. Tangkubanperahu (SL-325), eastern slope of G. Ceremai (SA-44), western slope of G. Jembangan (HK-603), and northern slope of G. Slamet (TG-5 and YP27), have been selected and described their morphological properties in the field, and as many as 22 soil samples have been analyzed their physical and chemical properties and sand mineral composition. The results showed that the soil parent materials of G. Tangkubanperahu and G. Jembangan were intermediary, dominated by intermediary plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, and volcanic glasses. The soil parent materials of G. Ceremai and G. Slamet were more alkaline as characterized by those minerals and olivine content. The content of easily weathered minerals reserves were high (41-84%). The soil properties of G. Tangkubanperahu were silt loam texture, acid soil reaction, and low base saturation. The soil properties of G. Jembangan were clay texture, which showed the more developed soil, acid soil reaction, and low base saturation. Whereas the soil from G. Ceremai has a sandy loam texture, a neutral soil reaction, and a very high base saturation. The soil of G. Slamet is of loamy to clay loamy texture, slightly acid soil reaction, and very high base saturation. All of the soil profiles met the andic properties requirements [(BD <0.90 g cm-3, P retention >85%, and (Alo + 0.5 Feo) oxalic acid extraction >2.0%)], and therefore the soils were classified as Andisols at the Order level according to the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.
Use of AGNPS Model to Estimate Watershed Scaled Erosion NONO SUTRISNO; S. ARSYAD; HIDAYAT PAWITAN; K. MURTILAKSONO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 20 (2002): Desember 2002
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n20.2002.%p

Abstract

Method of watershed scaled erosion prediction is different from plot scale erosion prediction. The objective of this study was to predict watershed scaled erosion by measuring sediment yield and using Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model. The plot scale experiment was set in randomized block design with 7 treatments i.e combination of ridges and raised beds. In the experiment, surface erosion was measured with soil pan method, watershed scale erosion (sediment yield) by sampling at the outlet. The method of watershed scale prediction were using AGNPS model. The result shows that AGNPS model was applicable to predict Tugu Utara sub watershed erosion (sediment yield) and simulate its land use management. The simulation of AGNPS model, with crop factor of 0.18 and slope length 5 m significantly reduced watershed erosion. This implies that AGNPS model is reliable to predict Tugu Utara sub watershed erosion and the model proves that watershed erosion is different from plot scale erosion.
Management of Phosphorus and Organic Matter on an Acid Soil in Jambi, Indonesia SANTOSO D; J. PURNOMO; I GEDE PUTU WIGENA; . SUKRISTIYONUBOWO; R.D.B LEFROY
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Pauh Menang village, Jambi province, to assess crop and soil response to P fertilization, compare inorganic and organic sources of P, and assess the interactions between these sources. The experiment employed an incomplete factorial combination of six levels of inorganic P (0, 19, 38, 57, 76 and 95 kg P ha-1 as SP-6), two organic matters (FYM and stylo), and lime, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The experiment was carried out over four seasons, from rainy season 1997/1998 until dry season 1999, however, the second crop failed due to severe drought. Under limed conditions, application of SP-36 at 38-kg P ha-1crop-1 increased soil P content. Repeated application of SP-36 resulted in accumulation of residual P and built up the P status of the soil well above 100 mg P kg-1 soil. The application of SP-36 in combination with OM, stylo or FYM, did not produce higher Colwell P contents in the soil compared with application of inorganic P alone. Grain yields of all corn crops increased significantly from about 0.5 to 3.5 t ha-1 with application of inorganic P at about 57 kg P ha-1. The amount of P fertilizer required to obtain 85% relative yield decreased from about 62 to 40 to 28 kg P ha-1 for crop 1 to crop 3 and to crop 4, providing evidence of the residual effect of P fertilization. The direct use of RP at 42.6 kg P ha-1crop-1 was less effective than the readily soluble inorganic SP-36 at 38 kg P ha-1 crop-1. Liming increased and maintained corn grain yields significantly. Application of OM as FYM or stylo in combination with SP-36 or RP did not resulted in synergistic interactions, with greater increases in yields. The introduction of an erect and fast growing stylo, Stylosanthes guyanensis cultivar CIAT 184, in the cropping system offers a good opportunity to improve fertility of acid soils. The high biomass yield of stylo, ranging from 0.8 to 4.9 t ha-1 per cutting, can be fed directly to cattle or sun-dried, ground and mixed with other materials to enrich feed concentrate. Widespread adoption of this legume would enhance cattle rearing, which in turn would produce more FYM as a source of organic P fertilizer .

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