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Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Gedung D1 Kampus UNESA Ketintang Surabaya Kode Pos 60213 E-mail: sainsmatematika@unesa.ac.id Telp : 031-8280009
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Sains dan Matematika
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 23027290     EISSN : 25481835     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal ini menerbitkan artikel asli hasil penelitian di bidang biologi, fisika, kimia, dan matematika. Redaksi hanya menerima naskah asli yang belum pernah dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam proses penerbitan di jurnal lain. Naskah dapat ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, sesuai dengan ejaan yang baik dan benar atau bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 213 Documents
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Estimasi Model Regresi Panel Komponen Error Satu Arah dengan Metode Generalized Least Square Mahfudhotin, Mahfudhotin; Suliyanto, Suliyanto; Tjahjono, Eko
Sains & Matematika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Model regresi ­panel komponen error satu arah merupakan model regresi gabungan antara data cross-section dan data time series yang memiliki spesifikasi yang tepat untuk menggambarkan  individu secara random dari populasi yang besar. Tujuan dari penulisan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mendapatkan estimasi model regresi panel komponen error satu arah menggunakan metode Generalized Least Square dan untuk menguji kesesuaian model menggunakan uji Hausman dan uji Multiple Lagrange. Hasil estimasi parameter regresi masih bergantung pada komponen delta_g^2  dan delta_a^2  sehingga untuk mengestimasinya dilakukan proses iterasi sampai diperoleh vektor parameter yang konvergen. Model regresi ­panel komponen error satu arah dapat dituliskan dalam bentuk persamaan. Penerapan model ini dilakukan pada data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) perkapita pada provinsi di Indonesia periode 2007 sampai 2010 sebagai variabel dependen , sedangkan variabel prediktornya meliputi : Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Investasi Penanaman Modal Asing, Investasi Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri, Jumlah Angkatan Kerja, dan Pengeluaran Konsumsi Rumah Tangga. Model ini mempunyai nilai  R^2 = 0.9991 dan MSE = 2.7518. The one-way error panel component regression model is a combined regression model between cross-section data and time series data that has the right specifications to describe N random individuals from large populations. The purpose of writing this final project is to obtain a one-way error component panel regression model estimation using the Generalized Least Square method and to test the suitability of the model using the Hausman test and the Multiple Lagrange test. The results of the estimation of the regression parameters still depend on the components  delta_g^2  and delta_a^2so to estimate them the iteration process is performed until a converging parameter vector is obtained. The one-way error panel regression model can be written in the equation. The application of this model is carried out on the per capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data in provinces in Indonesia from 2007 to 2010 as the dependent variable , while the predictor variables include: Open Unemployment Rate , Foreign Investment Investment , Investment Domestic Investment , Total Labor Force , and Household Consumption Expenditures . This model has a value of  R^2 = 0.9991 and MSE = 2.7518
Penggunaan Tipe Habitat oleh Avifauna di Lingkungan PT Arutmin Indonesia – NPLCT, Kabupaten Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan Soendjoto, Mochamad Arief; Riefani, Maulana Khalid; Zen, Muhammad
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Pengelolaan dan pemantauan lingkungan PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT yang mengoperasikan pelabuhan batu bara di Kabupaten Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan difokuskan pada fauna laut. Avifauna diurnal di lingkungan PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT belum dieksplorasi dan didokumentasikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis penggunaan tipe habitat oleh avifauna dalam tiga periode pengamatan. Spesies avifauna diidentifi kasi pada titik/lingkar kelimpahan dan penjelajahan di hutan mangrove, hutan sekunder, permukiman/perkantoran, lahan terbuka/padang rumput/semak belukar, dan perairan. Frekuensi jumpaan setiap spesies avifauna dan frekuensi relatif penggunaan tipe habitat oleh spesies dihitung berdasarkan pada unit waktu berdurasi 5 menit per unit. Selama penelitian ditemukan 57 spesies avifauna di seluruh lingkungan tersebut. Jumlah atau keragaman spesies burung cenderung turun di perairan dan naik di empat tipe habitat lainnya mulai dari periode pengamatan pertama hingga ketiga. Hampir semua spesies ditemukan di lebih dari satu tipe habitat. Frekuensi relatif penggunaan tipe habitat oleh spesies-spesies itu bervariasi. Hanya dua spesies saja yang ditemukan 100% menggunakan satu tipe habitat untuk aktivitasnya. Environment management and monitoring of PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT operating a coal port in Kotabaru Regency, Kalimantan Selatan was used to be focused on marine biota. Diurnal avifauna in the area of PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT was not explored and documented. The objective of the research was to analyze the habitat type utilization by avifauna in three observation periods. Avifauna species was identifi ed in abundance points and survey in mangrove forest, secondary forest, resettlement/offi ce, open area/grassland/ shrub, and water. Scan frequency of every avifauna species and relative frequency of habitat type utilization by species were counted based on a fi ve-minute unit. Fifty seven avifauna species were found in the area. The number and the diversity of species tended to decrease on the water and increase in the other habitat types from the fi rst period to the third one. Almost all species were found in more than a single habitat type. Relative frequency of habitat type utilization by species varied. There were two species utilizing a single habitat type for their activity.
Keragaman Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) pada Pertanaman Kentang di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat Tohidin, Tohidin; Sudarjat, Sudarjat; Susanto, Agus; Septria, Dina
Sains & Matematika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Serangan Liriomyza spp. dapat menurunkan hasil panen tanaman kentang. Tingginya keragaman Liriomyza pada tanaman kentang akan menambah kerusakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman Liriomyza dan tingkat intensitas serangan Liriomyza pada kentang varietas Granola dan kentang varietas Atlantik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Cibitung, Kecamatan Cigedug, Kabupaten Garut pada bulan April–Juni 2015 dengan menggunakan metode survei komparatif-deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan perangkap kuning. Identifi kasi Liriomyza berdasarkan tipe korokan daun dari gejala kerusakannya. Data di analisis menggunakan uji T dan Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada keragaman Liriomyza pada kentang varietas Granola dan Atlantik. Hanya satu jenis Liriomyza yang ditemukan yaitu L. huidobrensis. Terdapat perbedaan intensitas serangan Liriomyza pada kedua varietas kentang. Hama lain yang mendominasi kedua varietas kentang yaitu Empoasca sp. Berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener, keanekaragaman jenis serangga hama tergolong rendah dan lingkungan tidak stabil. Liriomyza spp. can reduce the yield of potato. The high diversity of Liriomyza on potato plants will increase the damages. The objectives of this research were to determine the diversity of Liriomyza as well as the intensity of Liriomyza’s attacks on Granola and Atlantic variety potatoes. The research was conducted at Cibitung, Cigedug distric, Garut regency from April to June 2015 using comparativedescriptive survey. The data were obtained by direct observation and the use of yellow sticky trap. Identifi cation of Liriomyza was based on leave damage types caused by the insect. The data were analyzed using T-test and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’). The result showed that there was no diversity of Liriomyza on both varieties. There only species of Liriomyza found was L. huidobrensis. Both varieties of the potato had differences in the intensity of Liriomyza’s attacks. The other pests in both varieties of potato was Empoasca sp.. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index, the diversity of the insect pest on potato was still low and environmentally no stable.
Artificial Intelligence Berbasis Pengetahuan Pemain untuk Real Time Tactic Game Menggunakan Knowledge Based Artificial Neural Networks Ibad, Muhammad Rofiul; Hariadi, Moch.
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Solution for the complexity problem of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Real Time Tactic (RTT) game as one of the real-world simulation game requiresefective control system.Control system is in the form of a representative agent as a human player in anticipating the changes of the game states. In this thesis, control agent is built by applying a Knowledge Based System (KBS) based on the knowledge base related to human player action for goal achievement of the game. The construction of KBS inference is divided into two phases, which isdetermination of the case inlinguistic format of human players from the numerical values of complex states in the game, and selection of the appropriate tactic when a series of cases occur.Existanceof knowledge that is not deterministic as the basis of the inference process, requires adaptability of the agent through weighting system of knowledge and learning. KBS is mapped to Knowledge Base Artificial Neural Networks (KBANN) using certainty factor (CF) based back propagation as learning method. Inference is limited to the process of achieving main goal through controlling of attack and defense. The design of AI system is implemented in RTT Game “The Cursed” through the shared interfaces of SPRING AI Game Engine. Testing against other static AI shows the ability of adaptation to changes in circumstances and improved quality control of the game by 0.017745641. These results fit expectations of human players who expect an improvement of playing quality in each session through the selection of appropriate goal achievement action. 
Pemanfaatan Asam Fulvat Sebagai Optimalizer dalam Pupuk Lepas Lambat Kitosan-Zeolit Savana, Raisza Tarida; Maharani, Dina Kartika
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 2 (2017): April, Sains & Matematika
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Pupuk lepas lambat (SRF) adalah pupuk termodifikasi dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalisasi penyerapan unsur-unsur yang terdapat di pupuk oleh tanaman dengan mengatur pelepasannyaa secara lambat. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam membuat pupuk SRF pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mencampurnya dengan bahan lain yang sukar larut, dan menyelimuti pupuk tersebut dengan bahan tertentu. Dengan demikian, pelepasan pupuk di dalam tanah menjadi lambat. Bahan yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pembuat SRF adalah zeolit dan kitosan. Zeolit merupakan mineral silikat yang memiliki kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) yang sangat tinggi. Kitosan merupakan turunan terdeasetilasi dari kitin dan salah satu polimer biodegrable yang ketersediaanya melimpah di alam. Pupuk urea mempunyai sifat mudah hilang karena sangat mudah larut dalam air oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pelapisan mengunakan kitosan-zeolit. Penambahan asam fulvat mampu mengoptimalisasi pupuk lepas lambat dengan memperlambat laju pelepasannya dan juga mampu meningkatkan penyerapan ion-ion logam dalam tanah yang diperlukan oleh tanaman. Kadar yang paling tepat dari asam fulvat yang akan ditambahkan dalam pupuk slow release urea terlapis kitosan zeolite agar optimal adalah asam fulvat dengan kadar 5%. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam pupuk slow release yang telah ditambahkan asam fulvat 5% dalam uji disolusinya terlihat bahwa pupuk urea yang terlarut dalam air konsentrasinya sedikit, selain itu dari uji AAS juga penambahan asam fulvat dengan kadar 5% mampu mengikat logam sebanyak 0,9218 ppm.Slow release fertilizers (SRF) are modified fertilizers with the aim of optimizing the absorption of the elements present in fertilizers by plants by regulating their release slowly. The method used in making SRF fertilizer in this study is to mix it with other substances that are difficult to dissolve, and cover the fertilizer with certain materials so that the release of fertilizer in the soil becomes slow. Materials that can be used as SRF material are zeolite and chitosan. Zeolite is a silicate mineral that has a very high cation exchange capacity (CEC). Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin and a biodegrable polymer that is abundant in nature. Urea fertilizer has the property of being easily lost because it is very soluble in water, therefore it is necessary to do the coating using chitosan-zeolite. Addition of fulvic acid can optimize the release of fertilizer slowly by slowing down the rate of release and also being able to increase the absorption of metal ions in the soil needed by plants. The most appropriate level of fulvic acid to be added in slow release urea coated with chitosan zeolite to be optimal is fulvic acid with 5% content. This is because in the slow release fertilizer that has been added 5% fulvic acid in the test of dissolution it is seen that the urea fertilizer which is dissolved in water is slightly concentrated, besides that from the AAS test also the addition of fulvic acid with 5% content is able to bind metal as much as 0.9218 ppm.
Konvergensi Global Metode Spectral Conjugate Descent yang Baru Menggunakan Pencarian Garis Armijo yang Termodifikasi Hasanah, Dahliatul
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April, Sains & Matematika
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The new nonlinear spectral conjugate descent method is constructed by combining the spectral conjugate gradient method andconjugate descent method. This method generates descent direction dk. Under the strong Wolfe rule this method is globally convergent.This paper analyzed global convergence of this method using the modified Armijo line search. The result shows that the new nonlinearspectral conjugate descent method is globally convergent under the modified Armijo line search.
Bentuk-bentuk Ideal pada Semiring (Z+, +,.) dan Semiring (Z+, ⊕, *) Setyawati, Dian Winda; Soleha, Soleha; Rimadhany, Ruzika
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Himpunan bilangan bulat taknegatif, yaitu (Z+,+,.) merupakan semiring terhadap operasi penjumlahan dan perkalian biasa, sedangkan himpunan (Z+,⊕,*) juga merupakan semiring terhadap operasi penjumlahan ⊕ dan perkalian yang didefi nisikan sebagai berikut: untuk setiap a,b∈Z+ berlaku a ⊕ b=FPB(a,b) dan a*b=KPK(a,b). Pada semiring R, himpunan bagian I dari R disebut ideal pada R jika a,b ∈ I dan r ∈ R maka a+b ∈ I dan ra, ar ∈ I . Pada artikel ini ditunjukkan bentukbentuk ideal pada semiring (Z+,+,.) dan bentuk-bentuk ideal pada semiring (Z+,⊕,*) serta menunjukkan hubungan satu ideal dengan ideal yang lain. Bentuk-bentuk ideal yang ditunjukkan adalah ideal maksimal, ideal substraktif, Q-ideal, ideal prima, ideal semiprima dan ideal primary. The set of nonnegative integers (Z+,+,.) is a semiring of the usual operations of addition and multiplication otherwise set (Z+,⊕,*) is also a semiring of the addition operation ⊕ and multiplication defi ned as follows: for each a,b∈Z+applies a ⊕ b=gcd(a,b) and a*b=lcm(a,b). At semiring R, a subset I of Ris called an ideal in R if a,b ∈ I and r ∈ R, then a+b ∈ I and ra, ar ∈ I In this paper will be shown the forms of the ideal on the semiring (Z+,+,.) and forms of the ideal on the semiring (Z+,⊕,*) and shows the relationship of the ideal with the other ideal. Ideal form sthat will be shown is the maximal ideal, substractive ideal, Q-ideal, prime ideal, and the semiprime ideal and, primary ideal.
Kemunduran Kualitas Pupuk Hayati Rhizobium Prihastuti Prihastuti; A. Harsono
Sains dan Matematika Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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This is a descriptive analytical research to describe the quality deterioration of Rhizobium bio-fertilizer product during storage. The material was used a Rhizobium bio-fertilizer in plastic packing, which was stored in an incubator by temperature of 28oC for nearly ten months. The results showed that there had been a defect in the sealing plastic and formed small holes, caused the contamination, evidently by the growth of bacterial colonies were diverse. The analysis of C, N, P and K content indicated that career matter of bio- fertilizer composition belong to the dignity of the high fertility to support microbial growing. Total population of microbes in Rhizobium bio-fertilizer of all observed samples >106 cfu/g, but could not be considered a total population of Rhizobium. The damage of sealing packing decreased of the moisture career matter and become a limiting factor to support microbial viability. It was recommended to use a better quality plastic with appropriate sealing system. 
Kekayaan Jenis Landak Laut (Echinoidea) Famili Diadematide di Pantai Selatan Kabupaten Gunung Kidul S.E. Purnami; Trijoko Trijoko; Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Sains dan Matematika Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Diadematidae is one of sea urchin families belongs to Class Echinoidea that can be found in intertidal zone untill deep sea. These sea urchins have long spines, and some of them are toxic spines. However, they have important ecological roles. This research aimed to identify the species richness of sea urchins that belong to Family Diadematidae in Pantai Selatan Gunung Kidul as well as describe their taxonomic characters. Specimens were collected from five beaches, namely Krakal, Kukup, Drini, Sepanjang, and Wediombo. Collected specimens were relaxated by using MgCl272% in sea water and the fixed by using 10% formalin in sea water. Finally, they were preserved in 70% Ethanol. Some morphological characters were observed carefully, namely shape and colour of spines, shape of test, shape of genital plate, the existance of orange ring, white spot and iridipore of apical system, interambulacral region, and number of pores. The results showed that there were five species of Diadematid sea urchis in Pantai Selatan Yogyakarta; they belong to two genus, namely genus Diadema dan genus Echinotrix. Genus Echinotrix and Diadema can be fount in Kukup, Wediombo, and Sepanjang, but can not be found in two others beach. 
Antioxidant Activity of Juice of Local Cultivar Sweet Potatoes as Free Radical Scavengers of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Endah Sri Palupi; Mulyati-Sarto Mulyati-Sarto; Rarastoeti Pratiwi
Sains dan Matematika Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are tuber that have high antioxidant activity. The determination of antioxidant activity based on as percentage of inhibition of free radical DPPH. The purpose of this research was to observe the activity of three local cultivars of sweet potatoes by using DPPH method and by using vitamine C as compparison. The measurement of antioxidant activity which performed on sweet potatoes juice and vitamine C with concentration 625 ppm, 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm and 10000 ppm by using free radical of DPPH 0,004% that was soluble in ethanol pa and then was measure by using spectrofotometer. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD (α = 0.05). The result of this research showed that the three cultivar of sweet potatoes juice have antioxidant activity and the purple sweet potatoes cultivar Biru Mangsi had the highest antioxidant activity, although lower than vitamine C. The highest of antioxidant activity were vitamine C, followed by purple sweet potatoe, yellow sweet potatoes (cultivar Kuning Madu) and white sweet potatoes (cultivar Kapasan). 

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