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Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Gedung D1 Kampus UNESA Ketintang Surabaya Kode Pos 60213 E-mail: sainsmatematika@unesa.ac.id Telp : 031-8280009
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Sains dan Matematika
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 23027290     EISSN : 25481835     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal ini menerbitkan artikel asli hasil penelitian di bidang biologi, fisika, kimia, dan matematika. Redaksi hanya menerima naskah asli yang belum pernah dipublikasikan dan tidak sedang dalam proses penerbitan di jurnal lain. Naskah dapat ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, sesuai dengan ejaan yang baik dan benar atau bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 198 Documents
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Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Berperan dalam Fermentasi Tumpi Jagung Bahan Pakan Ternak Nurin, Laila Alvi; Amalia, Rizki; Arisna, Tania S. W.; Sulistyanto, Wahyu N.; Trimulyono, Guntur
Sains & Matematika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Abstract

Tumpi jagung adalah sisa hasil pertanian berkualitas rendah. Bahan ini dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak, dalam pemafaatannya terlebih dahulu tumpi difermentasi. Pada proses fermentasi sering kali terkendala dengan lama waktu fermentasi dan tumbuhnya bakteri pembusuk yang merusak kualitas pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakteristik jenis bakteri asam laktat yang berperan dalam proses fermentasi tumpi jagung sebagai bahan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri asam laktat yang berasal dari tumpi jagung dan karakterisasi berupa karakteristik morfologi dan biokimia. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi nantinya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam proses fermentasi tumpi jagung sebagai pakan ternak sehingga mempercepat proses fermentasi dan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri pembusuk yang merugikan pakan ternak. Melalui tahap isolasi bakteri diperoleh 5 isolat bakteri asam laktat yang diperoleh dari proses fermentasi tumpi jagung bahan pakan ternak memiliki karakteristik umum yaitu berbentuk batang, Gram positif, tidak membentuk endospora, katalase negatif, heterofermentatif dan homofermentatif, dapat tumbuh pada suhu 35℃-45℃, serta tumbuh pada konsentrasi NaCl 4%-6,5%. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi yang dilakukan, diduga kelima isolat bakteri yang diperoleh merupakan anggota genus Lactobacillus. Tumpi jagung (corn waste) is a waste of agricultural products that have low quality. Tumpi jagung (corn waste) is used as animal feed, in the maize corn tillage first fermented tumpi jagung (corn waste). In the process of fermentation is often constrained by the length of fermentation time and the growth of bacterial decay that damage the quality of feed. The purposes of this research were to isolate the type of lactic acid bacteria and characterize the type of BAL that plays a role in the fermentation process of tumpi jagung (corn waste) as animal feed ingredients. This research was an observational research. The method consisted of isolating the lactic acid bacteria derived from the tumpi jagung (corn waste) and characterization of morphological and biochemical characteristics. The lactic acid bacteria isolated in this study, could be utilized as additional material in fermentation process of corncrop as animal feed so that accelerate the process of fermentation and inhibit the growth of decay bacteria that harm animal feed. Through the isolation stage of bacteria obtained five isolates of lactic acid bacteria obtained from the fermentation process of corn crops of livestock feed has a common characteristic that were rod-shaped, Gram positive, did not form endospora, catalase negative, heterofermentatif and homofermentatif, can grow at temperature 35℃-45℃, and grow at a concentration of NaCl 4% -6.5%. Based on the result of characterization, it was suspected that the five bacterial isolates were members of the genus Lactobacillus.
Pengolahan dan Penjernihan Air dengan Memanfaatkan Media Cangkang Kerang Bulu Putra, Yulianto Laksono; Abdullah, Abdul Aziz; Hermawan, Wawan
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 2 (2013): April, Sains & Matematika
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In Desa Pademonegoro, Kecamatan Sukodono, Sidoarjo the quality of water reservoir consumpted by many people is found to be in a low level and contains unnecessary substances like Mn and Fe. This condition makes water not feasible to consumpt for daily use. This study aimed to manage and purify water by utilizing ark shells freely available in beaches. Ark shells were initially synthesized by coprecipitation techniques using carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 225 N/cm2, 300N/cm2,or 375 N/cm2 and settling time for 24 hoursor 36 hours. The ark shells were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine its CaCO3 content. The ark shells with a high level of CaCO3 were used as a water purifier on the device spesificially designed on purpose and were tested with shell powder thickness with a thickness of 1 cm, 3 cm, or 5 cm and a water reservoir was placed at a position of 1 m or 2 m measured from the ground. The results indicated that the synthesis of ark shell using carbon dioxide at a pressure of 375 N/cm2and settling time for 36 hourshada high level of CaCO3 and thus was used as a water purifier. After purifying, the quality of water is such that it is odorless and tasteless, its color<2 TCU, turbidity of 0.2 NTU, TDS of 200 mg/l, contains Fe 0.08 mg/l, Mn0.03 mg/l, Hg 0.0001mg/l,As<0.005mg/l, pH 7.3, detergent <0.01 mg/l, water hardness of 88.32 mg/land saturation ark shells for 27 weeks. 
Aktivitas Antibakteri Isolat Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons Demospongiae dari Pantai Paciran Lamongan Judianti, Oki W.D; Fiqri, M.M; Ansyori-KM, M.K; Trimulyono, Guntur
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April, Sains & Matematika
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The sponges are potential to associate with bacterial isolates producing antibacterial compounds. This study was conducted toisolate and test the antibacterial activity of bacterial isolates associated with Demospongiae (Spongia sp. and Hippospongia sp.) fromPaciran Beach, Lamongan. Isolation of bacteria was done by using the pour plate method then purified by using the streak plate method.The antibacterial assay were conducted by using Escherichia coli FNCC 0091 and Staphylococcus aureus 0047 FNCC based on welldiffusion assay. There were 38 isolates of bacteria associated with sponges and two of them revealed the antibacterial activity againstE. coli FNCC 0091, while four other isolates showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus FNCC 0047. The isolates were B413, B48,B47, B410, B52, and B53. B48 has the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli FNCC 0091 and the inhibition zone diameter was37 mm, while B52 has the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus FNCC 0047 and the inhibition zone diameter was 31 mm.
Pemanfaatan Sabut Siwalan untuk Pembuatan Karbon Aktif sebagai Adsorben Limbah Pewarna Industri Batik Heriono, Heriono; Rusmini, Rusmini
Sains & Matematika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik karbon aktif sabut siwalan sebagai adsorben, pengaruh massa dan waktu interaksi terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi rhodamin B. Variasi massa karbon aktif sabut siwalan terhadap adsorpsi rhodamin B pada berbagai variasi massa yaitu 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; dan 0,5 gram dengan lama waktu interaksi 90 menit dan berbagai variasi waktu yaitu 30, 60, 90, 120, dan 150 menit dengan massa adsorben 0,3 gram. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua tahap. Tahap pertama pembuatan karbon aktif dari sabut siwalan. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air dan abu pada karbon aktif sabut siwalam secara berturut-turut adalah 3,0622% dan 9,1429%. Hasil surface area analyzer menunjukkan luas permukaan dan rerata jari-jari pori berturut-turut sebesar 3,160 m2/g dan 3,199Å. Penelitian tahap kedua menguji aktivitas karbon aktif dari sabut siwalan dengan rhodamin B pada variasi massa dan waktu interaksi menunjukkan variasi massa berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi rhodamin B, waktu kontak optimum pada massa 0,3 gram dengan hasil rhodamin B teradsorp 67,59%. Selain itu, variasi waktu juga berpengaruh pada kemampuan mengadsorpsi rhodamin B, waktu kontak optimum pada waktu 90 menit dengan hasil rhodamin B teradsorp 58,95%. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic of activated carbon made from siwalan (palmyra palm) fi ber as adsorbent, the effect of the addition of various mass of siwalan fi ber and interaction time to the adsorption ability of rhodamine B. The various mass of siwalan fi ber used were 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 grams with interaction time 90 minutes. In addition, various of interaction time were used, namely 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes with mass of adsorbent 0,3 grams. The study was conducted in two stages. The fi rst stage was making activated carbon from siwalan fi ber. The fi rst phase result showed that the content of water and ash in the activated carbon from siwalan fi ber were 3.0622% and 9.1429% respectively. The results of surface area analyzer showed that surface area and average pore radius were 3.160 m2/g and 3.199Å respectively. The second phase testing the activity of activated carbon from siwalan fi ber with rhodamine B in the variation of mass and interaction time result showed a mass 0.3 grams with the result of adsorbent rhodamine B was 67.59%. In addition, the time variation also affected the ability to adsorb rhodamine B. The optimum contact time of 90 minutes with result of adsorbent rhodamine B was 58,95%.
Bioremediasi Limbah Minyak Bumi dengan Teknik Biopile di Lapangan Klamono Papua Munawar, Munawar; Zaidan, Zaidan
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 2 (2013): April, Sains & Matematika
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Research of bioremediation of petroleum waste by indigenous petrophilic bacteria with biopile techniques at Klamono Area in Papua has been done. Petroleum waste was derived from various sources, namely tank cleaning, oil spills, oil catcher, leaking pipes, and drilling wastes containing oil residue. Preparation of petroleum waste has been done by adding wood sawdust as a bulking agent as much as 10% (w/w), the ratio of C: N: P: K = 100:5:1; 0.1 and mixed cultures of indigenous petrophilic bacterial isolated from the sources of the waste that has been collected in a storage-pit that Pseudomonas sp. (PSP01), Pseudomonas sp. (PSP05), and Bacillus sp. (PSP03) with 1:1:1 ratio of 0.5% (v/w). During the bioremediation process was aerated at a rate of 1 liter/jam/m3. Monitoring process have been done every week by doing the sampling with multiple sampling method to determine the five stations and each station has determined three sampling points,namelythe surface, middle and bottom based on the depth, samples have been obtained pooled and analyzed. The results showed that a decline in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of 91.04% for six weeks. Total bacterial populations during bioremediation processes ranging 103 to 108 CFU/gram of soil. In addition at the end of the observation showed that the toxic aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) showed concentrations under the Environmental Quality Standards. Thus, indigenous petrophilic bacteria effective as biological agents in the bioremediation of petroleum waste by biopile method. 
Karakteristik Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Berbahan Dasar Limbah Batang Padi Rahayu, Puji; Putri, Nugrahani Primary; Rohmawati, Lydia
Sains & Matematika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki lahan persawahan yang sangat luas. Padi yang kemudian diolah menjadi beras merupakan bahan pangan utama masyarakat Indonesia. Batang padi selama ini dibuang sebagai limbah dan tidak termanfaatkan dengan baik, padahal dengan kandungan karbon didalamnya, batang padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi suhu pemanasan terhadap nilai kapasitansi dan morfologi rGO berbahan dasar limbah batang padi. Pembuatan rGO meliputi beberapa tahap, yaitu dehidrasi, karbonasi dan kalsinasi. Tahap dehidrasi dilakukan pada suhu 110˚C selama 12 jam yang dilanjutkan dengan karbonasi pada suhu 400˚C selama 1,5 jam. Sampel karbon hasil karbonasi diuji proximate untuk menentukan kandungan fixed carbon pada sampel, dan diuji Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) untuk mengetahui posisi perubahan massa bila dikenai perubahan suhu. Dari hasil uji proximate dan TGA diketahui bahwa kandungan fixed carbon adalah 18,23% dan perubahan massa terjadi pada suhu 200˚C hingga 350˚C. Langkah selanjutnya dilakukan tahap karbonasi dengan variasi suhu, dan dilakukan uji X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) dan Voltametri siklik. Hasil karakerterisasi XRD diidentifikasi keberadaan puncak rGO dan GO. Nilai kapasitansi rGO dari batang padi cukup kecil bila dibandingkan dengan rGO komersial. As an agrarian country, Indonesia has a very large rice field. Rice which is then processed into rice is the main foodstuff of the Indonesian people. Rice stalks have been thrown away as waste and are not utilized properly, whereas with the carbon content in them, rice stems can be used as a basis for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This study aims to analyze the effect of heating temperature variations on the capacitance and morphological values of rGO based on rice stem waste. Making RGO includes several stages, namely dehydration, carbonation and calcination. The dehydration stage is carried out at 110˚C for 12 hours followed by carbonation at 400˚C for 1.5 hours. Carbon samples from carbonation results were tested proximate to determine the fixed carbon content of the samples, and tested by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the position of changes in mass when subjected to changes in temperature. From the proximate and TGA test results it is known that the fixed carbon content is 18.23% and mass changes occur at temperatures of 200 ° C to 350 ° C. The next step is the carbonation stage with temperature variations, and the X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry tests are performed. From the results of XRD characterization identified the existence of the peak rGO and GO. The capacitance value of rGO from rice stalks is quite small when compared to commercial ones.
Stabilitas Termal dan Kristalinitas Komposit Polyvinylidene Fluoride) PVDF/SiO2 Pasir Vulkanik Kelud Sholikah, Ria Inus; Setyarsih, Woro; Istiqomah, Istiqomah; Hefdea, Ajeng; Wulancahayani, Entang; Rohmawati, Lydia
Sains & Matematika Vol 5, No 2 (2017): April, Sains & Matematika
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Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) merupakan material plastik yang memiliki konstanta piroelektrik dan piezoelektrik yang relatif tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dielektrik pada superkapasitor. PVDF dikompositkan dengan SiO2 untuk mendapatkan stabilitas termal dan kristalinitas yang mendukung sifat bahan dielektrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik stabilitas termal dan kristalinitas dari PVDF/SiO2. Komposit PVDF/SiO2 disintesis menggunakan metode inversi fasa dengan variasi komposisi SiO2 (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt% dan 5 wt%) dan bahan dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan analisis termal DSC/TGA. Hasil uji XRD menunjukkan bahwa puncak intensitas PVDF semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya komposisi SiO2 dalam komposit PVDF/SiO2, ini disebabkan oleh kristalinitas PVDF yang mengalami penurunan akibat penyebaran partikel SiO2 pada komposit. Hasil uji TGA menunjukkan komposit PVDF/SiO2 dengan 2 wt% SiO2 memiliki stabilitas termal paling baik. PVDF murni memiliki persen kristalinitas terbesar dibandingkan dengan komposit PVDF/SiO2 yaitu 36.3%. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a plastic material that has relatively high pyroelectric and piezoelectric constants so that it can be used as a dielectric material in supercapacitors. PVDF is composed with SiO2 to obtain thermal stability and crystallinity that support the properties of dielectric material. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of thermal stability and crystallinity of PVDF/SiO2. Composite PVDF/SiO2 synthesized using phase inversion methods with composition variations of SiO2 (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt% and 5 wt%) and material characterized using XRD and DSC/TGA thermal analysis. X-Ray Diffraction measurement showed that the peak intensity of PVDF decreases as the number of SiO2 composition in the composite PVDF/SiO2, this happens because the crystallinity of PVDF decline caused by the spread of SiO2 particles in composite disrupt crystal growth of PVDF. TGA measurement showed that composite PVDF/SiO2 - 2 wt% SiO2 had the best thermal stability of the others composite. Pure PVDF had the largest percent crystallinity compared to composites PVDF/SiO2 was 36.3%.
Ekspansi Cantor dan Perluasannya Nova, Sanjung; Sulaiman, Raden
Sains & Matematika Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April, Sains & Matematika
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This article discuss Cantor set, Cantor expansion and extended of Cantor expansion. These expansions are another ways toexpress a number except decimal system and binary system. How to express a natural number with Cantor expansion and extendedof Cantor expansion are discribed too. Some examples are given and we proved that Cantor expansion is special case of extended ofCantor expansion.
Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antimikrob Ekstrak Etil Asetat Dumortiera hirsuta Junairiah, Junairiah; Sa'diyah, Muhimmatus; Salamun, Salamun
Sains & Matematika Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April, Sains & Matematika
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Salah satu keanekaragaman flora di Indonesia adalah Dumortiera hirsuta. Tumbuhan ini berpotensi sebagai bahan antibakteri dan antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifi kasi dan menguji aktivitas antimikrob metabolit sekunder ekstrak etil asetat D. hirsuta. Metabolit sekunder diidentifi kasi dengan skrining fitokimia. Aktivitas antimikrob dilakukan dengan uji difusi dan uji dilusi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Penelitian terdiri atas 24 perlakuan dan masing-masing terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Data yang diperoleh berupa diameter zona hambat, minimal inhibitary concentration (MIC), minimal bacterisidal/fungisidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil identifi kasi, diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat D hirsuta mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid dan dapat menghambat mikrob patogen. One of the diversity of flora in Indonesia is Dumortiera hirsuta. This plant has the potential as an antibacterial and antifungal. This study aimed to identify and test the antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta. Secondary metabolites were identified by phytochemical screening. Antimicrobial activity performed by diffusion test and dilution test against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25 922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. This research consisted of 24 treatments and each consists of three replications. The obtained data were the diameter of inhibition zone, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC). Data were analyzed descriptively. The identifi cation result showed that the ethylacetate extract of D hirsuta contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroid, and can inhibit pathogen microbes.
Kemunduran Kualitas Pupuk Hayati Rhizobium Prihastuti, Prihastuti; Harsono, A.
Sains & Matematika Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Oktober, Sains & Matematika
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This is a descriptive analytical research to describe the quality deterioration of Rhizobium bio-fertilizer product during storage. The material was used a Rhizobium bio-fertilizer in plastic packing, which was stored in an incubator by temperature of 28oC for nearly ten months. The results showed that there had been a defect in the sealing plastic and formed small holes, caused the contamination, evidently by the growth of bacterial colonies were diverse. The analysis of C, N, P and K content indicated that career matter of bio- fertilizer composition belong to the dignity of the high fertility to support microbial growing. Total population of microbes in Rhizobium bio-fertilizer of all observed samples >106 cfu/g, but could not be considered a total population of Rhizobium. The damage of sealing packing decreased of the moisture career matter and become a limiting factor to support microbial viability. It was recommended to use a better quality plastic with appropriate sealing system. 

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