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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Regeneration Capacity of Mangosteen Nodular Callus WARID ALI QOSIM; ROEDHY PURWANTO; GULDOF ALBERT WATTIMENA; WITJAKSONO WITJAKSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on regeneration capacity of mangosteed nodular callus. Nodular calli derived from a leaf as explants and cultured on MS medium containing combination of 2.2 Ã‚ÂµM benzilaminopurin (BAP) and 2.27 Ã‚ÂµM tidiazuron (TDZ). Nodular calli were irradiated with 0 (control) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy doses of gamma irradiation. After the irradiation, the calli were generated on woody plant medium (WPM), supplemented with 1.39 Ã‚ÂµM polyvinilpirolidon (PVP), 8 g.l-1 agar, 30 g.l-1 sucrose and 2.2 Ã‚ÂµM BAP concentration. Results showed that the irradiation influence the plant regeneration. Response dose of 50% (RD) that could promote the nodular calli of shoot formation was the 25 Gy while that of the shoot number per nodular calli was the 21 Gy. The shoot number irradiated with total dose 5 Gy (9.1 shoot) was higher than that of 0 Gy (8.6 shoot). Key words: plant regeneration, irradiation gamma rays, mangosteen

Molecular Detection of Endophytic Bacteria on Plantlet Tissue of Sugarcane WIWIK EKO WIDAYATI; JOKO WIDADA; JOEDORO SOEDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Endophytic bacteria live in plant host tissues without causing any symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the indigenous endophytic bacteria on sugarcane plantlets produced from the young leaf cells by using tissue culture techniques. To detect the existence of endophytic bacteria in the plantlet tissue, a series of molecular method based on PCR were applied by using ribosomal intergenic spacer (RIS) primer followed by 16S rDNA partial sequence and single strand conformation polymorphism (SCCP). The results showed that the molecular method could detect the existence of bacteria in the tissues. Using the same methods, the bacteria were also found in other developmental stages of sugarcane (explants, differentiated tissues and callus). Key words: endophytic bacteria, PCR, RIS, 16S rDNA, SSCP

Biotransformation of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate into (-)-2R,3S-Dihydromyricetin by the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. E Isolate Obtained from a Tea Plant ANDRIA AGUSTA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Endophytic fungi have been reported possess an interesting ability to mimic their host plant metabolites. Several fungi also show their specific capability to biotransform the chemical constituents of the host plant. The endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. E isolate obtained from young stem of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis) show their unique capability to biotransform (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate [(-)-EGCG] into a major product in glucose-peptone-yeast extract medium that incubated under dark condition at 27 oC for 48 h. The major biotransformation product were isolated and purified through column chromatography techniques using Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel. The chemical structure of the major product were elucidated as (-)-2R,3S-dihydromyricetin based on their IR, FAB-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Key words: (-)-2R,3S-dihydromyricetin, (-)-EGCG, (-)-2R,3R,4R-leucodelphynidin, biotransformation, Diaporthe sp. E isolate, endophytic fungus, Camellia sinensis

Diversity of Pollinator Insects in Relation to Seed Set of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.: Cruciferae) TRI ATMOWIDI; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; SJAFRIDA MANUWOTO; BAMBANG SURYOBROTO; PURNAMA HIDAYAT
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Pollinators provide key services to both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural productivity depends, in part, on pollinator populations from adjacent seminatural habitats. Here we analysed the diversity of pollinator insects and its effect to seed set of mustard (Brassica rapa) planted in agricultural ecosystem near the Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java. At least 19 species of insects pollinated the mustard, and three species, i.e. Apis cerana, Ceratina sp., and Apis dorsata showed a high abundance. The higher abundance and species richness of pollinators occurred at 08.30-10.30 am and the diversity was related to the number of flowering plants. Insect pollinations increased the number of pods, seeds per pod, seed weights per plant, and seed germination. Key words: diversity, pollinator insects, social bees, solitary bees, seed set, Brassica rapa

Molecular Phylogeny of Giant Clams Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome C Oxidase I Gene AGUS NURYANTO; DEDY DURYADI; DEDI SOEDHARMA; DIETMAR BLOHM
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

There is an uncertainty for the relationships among giant clam species of Tridacninae, in particular among species belongs to subgenus Chametrachea i.e. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and T. squamosa based on different genetic markers. This study examined the relationships among three species within subgenus Chametrachea compared to the previous studies. Neighbour Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood tree were constructed based on 455 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. maxima, T. gigas, and several sequences derived from Genbank for the outgroups. The results showed that giant clams formed a monophyletic group. Within Tridacna group, T. crocea was more closely related to T. squamosa than to T. maxima and they formed a monophyletic group. T. crocea and T. squamosa were sister taxa and sister group to T. maxima and T. gigas. Close affinity between T. crocea and T. squamosa was also supported by high similarity on nucleotide level (94.30%) and concordant with the results of the previous studies using mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear 18S rRNA. Key words: phylogenetic relationships, Chametrachea, cytochrome c oxidase I

Inoculation Methods and Conidial Densities of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in Abaca RULLY DYAH PURWATI; NURUL HIDAYAH; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; SUDARSONO2? SUDARSONO2?
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is an important industrial crop. Its cultivation in Indonesia is, however, hampered by the wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infections. Developing Foc resistance abaca lines require availability of established and reliable screening methods for resistance against Foc. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effectiveness of Foc inoculation methods, (ii) extent of Foc conidial densities Ã¢â‚¬â€œ for causing the wilt in abaca, and (iii) responses of ten abaca cultivars against Foc infection. Results of this study showed that the method of inoculation by wounding abaca roots followed submerging the wounded plant in suspension of Foc conidia (106 conidia/ml) for 2 hours before planting was the most effective method for causing the wilt. Among ten abaca cultivars tested, none was resistant to Foc infection. Based on the calculation of disease intensity, nine abaca cultivars were identified as very susceptible, where as one cultivar was susceptible to Foc infection. Key words: Fusarium wilt, panama disease, disease response, screening method, Musa textilis

The Use of Female Wing Measurements for Discrimination of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from South Kalimantan ABDUL GAFUR; AULIA AJIZAH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Populations of Aedes aegypti in South Kalimantan, which have been discriminated by their cuticular components, were further studied in search for differences in their wing morphometry. Female mosquitoes were collected from five towns in the province of South Kalimantan, and Cartesian coordinates of terminal and branching points of individual wing were determined. Relative interpoint Euclidean distances were used as variables (characters) in statistical analyses. One-way ANOVA found significantly several different characters (P < 0.01). Stepwise discriminant analysis using these characters selected five discriminators which, by cross validation, could identify female A. aegypti from Barabai and Marabahan with 75 and 77.8% of success rate, respectively. On average, 57.7% of wing specimens were successfully allocated to their original populations. The study revealed differences in wing measurements among populations of A. aegypti in South Kalimantan and confirmed genetic divergence of the species in the province. Key words: Aedes aegypti, wing morphometry, discriminant analysis, identification, discrimination

Molecular Identification and Sequence Analysis of Tobacco Leaf Curl Begomovirus from Jember, East Java, Indonesia SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; ORAWAN CHATCHAWANKAN PANICH; NOOR AIDAWATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Begomovirus had been proved as the causal agent of leaf curl disease in tobacco in Indonesia, or commonly in Indonesia called as penyakit krupuk tembakau. Association of Begomovirus with the disease was further confirmed by sequence analysis. Amplification of the virus was conducted following whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) transmission. Fragment of DNA 1.6 kb was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) located within the replication initiator protein gene and coat protein gene (top region). Conserved sequence of stem loop region was found, included nonanucleotide sequence TAATATTAC present in all geminiviruses. Begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tobacco showed the closest relationship with Ageratum yellow vein virus - Zimbabwe, a strain of Tobacco leaf curl virus from Southern Africa. It was also known that Begomovirus associated with leaf curl disease in tobacco from Jember, East Java was different from other Indonesian Begomoviruses reported earlier. Key words: Begomovirus, leaf curl disease

Genetic Differentiations among the Populations of Salvia japonica (Lamiaceae) and Its Related Species SUDARMONO SUDARMONO; HIROSHI OKADA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Morphological and genetic variations within Salvia japonica (Lamiaceae) and its related species in Japan were analyzed for clarifying their taxonomic significance. The genetic variations were explored through chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences and allozyme polymorphisms. Since chromosome numbers characterized the genus of Salvia, we also examined whether the karyotypes were different. We examined 58 populations of S. japonica and 14 populations of others species of Salvia. Among the populations of S. japonica represented four forms (f. japonica, f. longipes, f. lanuginosa and f. albiflora). The size of chromosomes were various among Salvia spp. Based on the allozyme as well as the DNA sequence, the populations of S. japonica separated from the others Salvia species. The populations of S. japonica exhibited four combinations of the morphological characters. However, these combinations did not correlate to the four forms of S. japonica. In addition, the morphological variations did not correlate to the allozyme and DNA sequences. It is suggested that the four morphological variations as well as the four form of S. japonica should not considered to be a taxonomic unit; accordingly, S. japonica were considered to be still at the early stage of speciation process. Key words: allozyme, DNA, morphological variations, Salvia japonica

Physical Interactions between Yeast Pichia guilliermondii and Post-Harvest Fruit Pathogen Penicillium expansum SRI WIDYASTUTI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Attachment of yeast cells or bacteria on fungal hyphae have been observed in various antagonisms between microorganisms. Physical interactions between yeast Pichia guilliermondii and postharvest fruit pathogen Penicillium expansum in culture were studied in detail using light and transmission electron microscope to give better understanding on their mode of antagonism. Both organisms were co-cultured for 24-hr on potato dextrose agar. Light microscopy observations on the co-culture showed that the yeast cells attached firmly on the fungal hyphae. This attachment was inhibited by several substances such as enzymes degrading protein (protease or trypsin), a respiration inhibitor (sodium azide), an acid (hydrochloric acid) or an alkali (sodium hydroxide). Although autoclaved hyphae did not affect the attachment, but boiled enzymes and autoclaved yeast cells totally abolished the attachment. These evidences suggested that the attachment might be an active process mediated by certain protein from live yeast cells. Transmission electron micrographs on the ultrastructure of the co-culture revealed that the hyphae showed abnormalities in their structure and organelles, and a degree of obvious damage. Physical interactions observed in this study could be contributed to the mechanism of antagonism between P. guilliermondii and P. expansum. Key words: Pichia guilliermondii, Penicillium expansum, attachment, transmission electron microscope

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