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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,091 Documents

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Protective Effect of Green Algae Ulva reticulata Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Drosophila Infection Model Firzan Nainu; Rangga Meidianto Asri; M. Natsir Djide; Muhammad Ahsan; Rudi Arfiansyah; Sartini Sartini; Gemini Alam
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of main health issues in global communities. To overcome such threat, the discovery of novel antibacterial agents is indispensable. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract in Drosophila model of infection. Ethanolic extract of Ulva reticulata was prepared using maceration method and the extract was subsequently assessed for its in vivo antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa using survival assay, bacterial load enumeration, and gene expression analysis in the wildtype Drosophila. Survival and bacterial load analysis were further performed in a similar fashion on the mutant flies devoid of component responsible in the activation of immune responses against P. aeruginosa. Decline in the survival of infected host accompanied by augmentation of bacterial proliferation was documented in the wildtype Drosophila upon infection with P. aeruginosa. These phenotypic events were further amplified in immune-deficient mutant Drosophila. Nevertheless, improvement of host survivorship and reduction of bacterial burden were demonstrated in both wildtype or immune-deficient mutant flies upon treatment with Ulva reticulata extract after bacterial challenge. Our data demonstrated in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract and thus provide a valuable information about its future potential for health promotion.

Oil Palm Phytochrome-Interacting Factor4 (PIF4) Gene is Conserved and Highly Expressed During Somatic Embryogenesis Mantira Suksirt; Kamolwan Khianchaikhan; Mya Thuzar; Supachai Vuttipongchaikij; Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Oil palm is used in food, fuel and cosmetic industries. Tissue culture is the best way to propagate oil palm; unfortunately the somatic embryogenesis during tissue culture takes long time. The molecular mechanism of somatic embryogenesis in oil palm remains unknown. Recent research reported that auxin plays an important role in early and post-embryogenic plant. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) regulates levels of auxin and the expression of key auxin biosynthesis genes. Our research aims to characterize oil palm PIF4 gene. Thus, we cloned EgPIF4, analyzed the domain using bioinformatic and examined the expression of EgPIF4 during somatic embryogenesis at different tissue including callus and somatic embryo stages; globular, torpedo, cotyledon, and plantlet stage using real-time PCR method. The result showed that EgPIF4 gene comprised 1,737 bp with 9 exons, which encode 578 amino acid residuals. It contains a conserved domain called basic helix-loop-helix domain. EgPIF4 has high level of expression at somatic embryogenetic stage specifically globular and torpedo stage suggested that EgPIF4 plays an important role during somatic embryogenesis. The future characterization of EgPIF4 function in oil palm will help to understand somatic embryogenesis process and facilitate the improvement of the oil palm tissue culture.

Stability and Vulnerability of Bird Flocking Behaviour: A Mathematical Analysis Bayu Erfianto; Intan Muchtadi-Alamsyah
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Given a large number of birds in the flock, we mathematically investigate the mechanism the birds move in a collective behavior. We assume that each bird is able to know its position and velocity of other birds within a radius of communication. Thus, to be able to fly in the flock, a bird has to adjust its position and velocity according to his neighbors. For this purpose, first of all, we analyze how the connectedness of the bird interaction network affects the cohesion of the stable bird flock. We further analyze a condition when the flock is vulnerable, which is mathematically indicated by means of the presence of an articulation point in bird communication network.

3D Landscape Recording and Modeling of Individual Trees Shafarina Wahyu Trisyanti; Deni Suwardhi; Agung Budi Harto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The 3D city/landscape model is digital representation of real environment that can be used for planner or landscape architecture in urban development planning. That model’s more focused on building, whereas vegetation model’s also needed for urban planning simulation. This research purposes are to map existing vegetation and to generate individual trees model in some level of details. The research area is campus of ITB Jatinangor and the used data are orthophoto and DSM from UAV-Photogrammetry technology. Manual segmentation, classification, and NDSM generation process can provide tree information (position, crown diameter, species, height)-as 3D vegetation modeling input. It’s also necessary to provide classification, information, detail level, and visualization of vegetation model according to landscape architecture analysis needs. This research results are 3D vegetation models in LoD 1-3 with differents information based on appearance, geometry, semantic, and topology aspects of CityGML. Models then tested qualitatively based on visualization and sun shadow analysis. For visualization, the used data only able to generate LoD 1 and 2 vegetation model and the minimum LoD required for sun shadow analysis is LoD 2. Terrestrial data, which provide the real form and size of each tree part, is needed to generate LoD 3 vegetation model.

Pre-treatment and Suitable Reagent Enabled a Reliable and Consistent for Molecular Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc4) Listya Utami Karmawan; Fenny Martha Dwivany; Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti; I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Fusarium wilt which is caused by the soil-borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), is one of important diseases in banana plant. Foc tropical race 4 (Foc4) is the most pathogenic race which could infect various banana cultivars including Cavendish cultivar which was previously considered as resistant cultivar. Molecular detection of Foc using PCR analysis is indispensable to determine the race of Foc. We demonstrate a faster DNA isolation procedure described in previous method by substituting sodium acetate precipitation with ammonium acetate precipitation without affecting the result. Based on our experience, some fungal genomes were troublesome to be amplified. We suggested pre-treatment step prior to amplification procedure by incubating fungal DNA in 65°C for 10 minutes for any samples of fungal genome, including stubborn samples, before mixing into PCR mix reagent. PCR reagents should be tested for stubborn samples since some of the reagents were unable to amplify the desired DNA fragment. Pre-treatment and the choice of robust PCR reagent should be taken into consideration for a reliable and consistent Foc4 molecular detection result.

Localization of Alkaloid and Other Secondary Metabolites in Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Anatomical and Histochemical Studies on Fresh Tissues and Cultured Cells Dian Rahma Pratiwi; Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih; Diah Ratnadewi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cinchona ledgeriana produces several secondary metabolites. The main quinoline alkaloid, quinine that is widely used as an antimalarial drug, is most commonly extracted from the bark of Cinchona, and its leaves contain several other metabolites. Many studies have revealed that cell culture of Cinchona also produces quinine. Nevertheless, the sites of secondary metabolites accumulation are still elusive. This study is aimed at describing specific anatomical structures where alkaloids and some other secondary metabolites are accumulated as well as their localization in leaves and barks of C. ledgeriana, compared to those found in cultured cells. Fresh leaves and barks, and cells of C. ledgeriana were used for anatomical observation and histochemical tests. It was found that these plant parts have specialized structures, idioblast cells with elliptical- and spherical-shapes, scattered in leaf hypodermis, stem cortex, and secondary phloem. Unspecialized structures such as epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues were also found accumulating some metabolites. Histochemical tests showed that bark and leaves contained alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, and lipophilic compounds. Cultured cells presented positive results for alkaloids and terpenoids.

Banana Flower-Insect Interaction: Alpha-Pinene as Potential Attractant for the Insect Vector of Banana Blood Disease Masriany Masriany; Rizkita R. Esyanti; Fenny M. Dwivany; Tjandra Anggraeni
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Volatile metabolites are produced by plants for self-defense and as communication mediators with the environment. Terpenes are volatiles emitted as odorant cues for herbivores and microorganisms. This study was aimed to investigate volatile metabolites produced by banana flowers that attract insect vectors of BBD. The volatile metabolites from banana flowers were extracted by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was apparent that the concentrations of the metabolite alpha-pinene gradually increased from the first to the the third stage. Comparison of metabolites produced by symptomatic banana male flowers for BBD infection with non-symptomatic ones showed that the concentration of alpha-pinene was higher in symptomatic male flowers. In addition, preference for alpha-pinene was tested on three insect vector species (Rhodesiella bhutanensis, Drosophila sp., and Musca sp.), analyzed by M. Anova p<0.001, F(1.5) =12.539 and Duncan test. Results showed that the insect vectors were mostly attracted to 20 µl volume of alpha-pinene compared to the other volumes and that alpha-pinene functioned as an attractant to these insects. This research is important for the formulation of attractants for insect vectors of BBD to control transmission of banana blood disease.

Comparison Between the Potential of Tempe Flour Made from Germinated and Nongerminated Soybeans in Preventing Diabetes Mellitus Made Astawan; Inas Suci Rahmawati; Ananda Putri Cahyani; Tutik Wresdiyati; Sastia Prama Putri; Eiichiro Fukusaki
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

This study was aimed to compare the chemical characteristics of tempe flour made from nongerminated soybean (NST) and germinated soybean (GST), especially on their capacity in preventing diabetes mellitus (DM). Soybeans were germinated for 20 hours in the dark until 2.5-5.0 mm of the radicle emerged. The ungerminated soybeans and the germinated soybeans were then processed into tempe and tempe flour. The two types of tempe flour were subjected to proximate analysis, amino acid profiling, antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, isoflavone content, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition analyses. GST was superior in preventing DM in the protein content and antioxidant parameters, as these were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in NST. On the other hand, NST was superior in preventing diabetes in the isoflavon (daidzein, genistein, and total isoflavone) and α-amylase inhibition IC50 parameters which were significantly better (p<0.05) than in GST. On the contrary, the diabetes-preventing parameters total phenols, α-glucosidase inhibition IC50, and insulinotropic amino acids (arginine, alanine, phenilalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine) were not different (p>0.05). Therefore, GST and NST both have potential in preventing diabetes through different mechanisms.

Activity and Stability of the Alcohol Biosensor Using Acetobacter aceti Biofilm on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Dyah Iswantini; Fitriani Indahsari; Akhiruddin Maddu; Novik Nurhidayat; Henny Purwaningsih; Sri Sugiarti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Most of the alcohol analytical methods are robust and instrumentally expensive. An alternative of ethanol biosensor based on selected biofilm forming Acetobacter aceti bacteria producing alcohol oxidase was constructed on a screen-printed carbon electrode. The enzyme specifically oxidizes the ethanol and generate electrical current that then electrochemically detected and measured by cyclic voltammetry method. A scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that the biofilm was formed firmly in the electrode. This constructed biosensor reached its optimum at biofilm formed by bacteria of 1.33 × 1010 cells/ml, temperature of 27°C, and pH 7. The enzyme kinetic had KM and Vmax AOX values of 3.5 mm and 125 μA respectively. The biosensor had detection and quantization limit of 0.003 and 0.009%, respectively, and a sensitivity of 57.29 μA (%)-1. A linearity and relative deviation value were revealed at 0.993 and 1.95% respectively. The biosensor was relatively specific and had no interferences with methanol, sodium chloride and citric acid as the common interferences of ethanol compounds. Furthermore, the biosensor had been stably for at least 55 days. Therefore, this constructed biosensor should be developed into a prototype for a practical effective analysis.

Photosynthetic Rate of Lettuce Cultivated on Floating Raft Hydroponic with Controlled Nutrient Solution Lenni Lenni; Herry Suhardiyanto; Kudang B. Seminar; Radite P. A. Setiawan
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Lettuce becomes the main ingredient of salad as one of the healthy foods. The lettuce cultivation in tropical areas is often performed in highland. To reduce soil erosion and pesticide contamination, the cultivation of lettuce plants in high open land needs to be reduced. The lettuce cultivation in hydroponic system at tropical lowland requires cooling. The root zone cooling requires enormous electrical energy. However, it can be solved by controlling the temperature based on the automatically. Therefore, it has been developed control and monitoring system for the root zone on floating raft hydroponic system. This study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in floating raft hydroponic system whose nutrient solution was controlled by the developed control and monitoring system. Statistical analysis was performed to draw the conclusions about photosynthetic variance of lettuce on two hydroponic systems, namely controlled and uncontrolled system. Furthermore, this paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in the hydroponic systems. The ANN model was comprised of eight input (nutrient temperature, EC, pH, DO, and ORP, air temperature, air humidity, and photon flux density of photosynthetic) and one output (photosynthetic rate). It was noted that the ANN model predicted accurately the photosynthetic rate of lettuce leaves whose R2 was 0.87 for plants cultivated in floating raft hydroponic system whose nutrient solution was controlled by control and monitoring system. The ANN was useful for identifying the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in floating raft hydroponic systems on tropical lowland.

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