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EFEKTIVITAS SARILUMAB SEBAGAI KANDIDAT OBAT COVID19: SEBUAH KAJIAN SISTEMATIK sakiya syahrir sudirman; Dini Ayu Ariastiwi B; Marianti A.Manggau; Firzan Nainu; Muh.Akbar Bahar
Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi Vol. 25 No. 1 (2021): MFF
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/mff.v25i1.12048

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan keamanan penggunaan Sarilumab pada pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan kajian sistematik dari berbagai artikel penelitian yang telah dipublikasikan. Kajian sistematis ini disusun berdasarkan guideline PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Studi yang diterbitkan setelah Desember 2019 dari database PubMed/MEDLINE dan EMBASE ditelusuri secara sistematis. Kombinasi kata kunci seperti "COVID-19”, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”,dan "Sarilumab" digunakan untuk mencari artikel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi.  Dari hasil penelusuran dan skrining artikel, diperoleh dua artikel yang memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi yaitu satu artikel berupa laporan kasus dan satu artikel berupa seri kasus yang menunjukkan potensi sarilumab dalam pengobatan COVID-19. Pada artikel seri kasus, jumlah pasien yang terlibat sebanyak 8 orang yaitu 6 laki-laki dan 2 wanita dengan kondisi akhir tujuh pasien keluar lebih cepat dari perawatan di rumah sakit (dalam waktu 14 hari) karena telah memperlihatkan hasil negatif pada tes molekuler dan satu pasien yang berusia 83 tahun meninggal pada hari ke-13 di rumah sakit. Pada laporan kasus, pasiennya hanya 1 orang laki-laki dengan kondisi akhir pasien sembuh (hasil tes swab negatif) dan kondisi klinik yang baik. Sebagai kesimpulan, sarilumab berpotensi memberikan perbaikan klinis terhadap pasien COVID-19. Akan tetapi, karena kedua artikel tersebut memiliki kualitas bukti ilmiah yang lemah maka belum bisa dijadikan dasar rujukan penggunaan sarilumab untuk pasien COVID-19 di klinik.
Protective Effect of Green Algae Ulva reticulata Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Drosophila Infection Model Firzan Nainu; Rangga Meidianto Asri; M. Natsir Djide; Muhammad Ahsan; Rudi Arfiansyah; Sartini Sartini; Gemini Alam
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (491.119 KB) | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.26.4.163

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of main health issues in global communities. To overcome such threat, the discovery of novel antibacterial agents is indispensable. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract in Drosophila model of infection. Ethanolic extract of Ulva reticulata was prepared using maceration method and the extract was subsequently assessed for its in vivo antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa using survival assay, bacterial load enumeration, and gene expression analysis in the wildtype Drosophila. Survival and bacterial load analysis were further performed in a similar fashion on the mutant flies devoid of component responsible in the activation of immune responses against P. aeruginosa. Decline in the survival of infected host accompanied by augmentation of bacterial proliferation was documented in the wildtype Drosophila upon infection with P. aeruginosa. These phenotypic events were further amplified in immune-deficient mutant Drosophila. Nevertheless, improvement of host survivorship and reduction of bacterial burden were demonstrated in both wildtype or immune-deficient mutant flies upon treatment with Ulva reticulata extract after bacterial challenge. Our data demonstrated in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract and thus provide a valuable information about its future potential for health promotion.
Protective Signatures of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyx Fractions against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila Infection Model Firzan Nainu; M. Natsir Djide; Subehan Subehan; Sartini Sartini; Tri Puspita Roska; Emil Salim; Takayuki Kuraishi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 27 No. 4 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.27.4.306

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-related clinical cases is an alarming chronicle for global communities. This research was conducted to examine the antistaphylococcal effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx fractions in the Drosophila model. In the infection experiment, wild-type and immunodeficient Drosophila were pricked with S. aureus and subsequently subjected to fly survivorship and colony-forming assays, in the presence or absence of roselle calyx fractions. The Involvement of immune stimulation in the host antibacterial protection was assessed in vitro using cell-based luciferase reporter assay and in vivo using RT-qPCR analysis on adult flies. A declining rate of fly survivorship and augmentation of bacterial growth were observable in S. aureus-infected wild-type flies but subject to improvement in the presence of roselle calyx fractions. Cell-based analysis revealed the absence of host immune stimulation via Drosophila Toll pathway and roselle calyx fractions-treated immune-deficient flies lacking for components in the Toll pathway were protected from infection-induced early death phenotype and harbored reduced number of S. aureus colonies. Overall, our data confirmed the in vivo anti-staphylococcal activity of roselle calyx fractions in Drosophila infection model and such protective signature was devoid of host immune stimulation.
Inflammation-mediated Phenoconversion: A Potential Threat to COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy Muh. Akbar Bahar; Bob Wilffert; Harapan Harapan; Firzan Nainu
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 28 No. 1 (2021): January 2021
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.28.1.54

Abstract

One of the important hallmarks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the existence of severe inflammatory responses. Many reports indicated that inflammatory mediators might suppress the biological functions of some drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and therefore result in a transient mismatch between their genotype and phenotype expressions, a phenomenon which is called phenoconversion. The incidence might be clinically relevant to the COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The patients are treated with multiple drugs that are prone to be altered pharmacokinetically by inflammation-mediated phenoconversion, leading to the modification of their effectiveness and safety. In this review, we discuss the regulation of inflammatory responses during COVID-19 infection and the evidence as well as potential mechanisms of inflammation-mediated phenoconversion. We also provide possible clinical implications of such phenoconversion events as a potential threat in the management of COVID-19 patients.
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU-IBU KADER PKK DALAM UPAYA PENGOLAHAN TANAMAN OBAT MENJADI SEDIAAN JAMU SEDERHANA DI KELURAHAN BONTOLEBANG KECAMATAN GALESONG UTARA KABUPATEN TAKALAR Sartini Sartini; M. Natsir Djide; Rosany tayeb; Firzan Nainu; Ismail Ismail; Nana Juniarti Natsir Djide
Dinamika Journal : Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 2, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.dj.2020.2.2.975

Abstract

Saat ini pemerintah tengah menggalakan penggunaan bahan tanaman untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut salah satu cara adalah melalui ibu-ibu kader PKK.  Kelurahan Bontolebang merupakan salah satu kelurahan dari kecamatan Galesong Utara yang diprogramkan oleh pemda Kabupaten Takalar sebagai desa sehat. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh khalayak sasaran adalah masih kurangnya pengetahuan tentang manfaat tanaman obat  dan cara  mengolahnya  menjadi sediaan jamu sederhana. Metode yang digunakan adalah: Penyuluhan tentang tanaman obat dan cara mengolahnya serta pelatihan pembuatan sediaan-sediaan jamu sederhana.    Kegiatan pengabdian telah dilaksanakan tanggal 14 September 2019 diikuti lebih dari  50 orang ibu-ibu kader PKK Kelurahan Bontolebang  serta ibu-ibu PKK dari Kecamatan Galesong utara lainnya.    Hasil pelaksanaan memberikan nilai tambah pengetahuan dari khalayak sasaran tentang pengolahan jamu sederhana dan alat-alat peraga utama yang digunakan disumbangkan ke khalayak sasaran
Determination of Genetic Mutation Profile of drpr Gene in Drosophila melanogaster using High-Resolution Melting Analysis Ahmad Mu'arif; Rudi Arfiansyah; Tri Puspita Roska; Herlina Rante; Firzan Nainu
Biota Vol 8 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Biota 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/Biota.v8i1.7556

Abstract

Genotype determination of experimental animals is generally conducted using sequencing methods that require expensive cost as well as experience and special equipment. This study aimed to determine the presence of drpr gene mutation in Drosophila melanogaster using coupled real time PCR-High Resolution Melting (real time PCR-HRM) as an alternative method. Two types of fly samples, w1118 and drprΔ5 were used as wildtype control and mutant genotype, respectively. The DNA from twenty of each w1118 and mutant drprΔ5 flies were isolated and amplified using real time PCR. The generated amplicons were then further processed by HRM method at the temperature of 60-95°C. This study demonstrated that the real time PCR-HRM method could distinguish wildtype control w1118 and mutant drprΔ5 based on the HRM data with the confidence level was more than 90%. Therefore, this study provides an evidence that real time PCR-HRM method might be beneficial to screen the mutant genotype from its wildtype counterpart based on differences in the melting temperatures due to changes at nucleotide base level
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Fresh Milk (POLA SENSITIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI SUSU SAPI SEGAR) Lucia Ratna Winata Muslimin; Firzan Nainu; Rochmat Himawan
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 16 No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.346 KB)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the sensitivity of S.aureus and E. coli isolated fromfresh milk against against several antibiotics and to determine the safety of the milk for humancomsumsion. Milk was collected from milking diary cow and was used for the bacterial isolation. E.coli were were identified using Total Plate Count (TPC), Gram staining, their growth on Endo Agarand Eosin MethyleneBlue Agar, Biochemical analysis including glucose, lactose, sucrose,maltose, andsorbitol would be followed by Sorbitol Mac Conkey Agar Test for the identification of E.coliO157:H7.The isolation and identification of S.aureus were performed using Gram stain, TPC, growth on BairdParker Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar. S. aureus and S. epidermidis were differentiated by coagulaseand catalase tests. The antibiotic sensitivity tests for both S. aureus and E.coli were carried out usingthe following antibiotics: ampicillin, bacitracin, vancomycin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotamine,cefuroxime, cefepime, cefazoline, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, amikacin,kanamycin, neomycin, ertapenem, meropenem, imipenem, erythromycin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid,ciprofloxacin, levofloxacine, norfloxacine, ofloxacin, and novobiocin. Fresh milk obtained from thefarm was positive for S.aureus and E.coli and resistant to most antibiotics tested. The best antibioticsfor S. aureus were imipenem (54.1 mm), ampicillin (42.3 mm), cefazolin (41.6 mm), doxycycline (41.15mm), and for E.coli were Imipenem (30.1 mm), ertapenem (29.5 mm), and meropenem (25.35 mm). Thebovine fresh milk examined was contaminated by S.aureus and E.coli and to some extent, were alsoresistant to most antibiotics tested.
Green tea extract-mediated augmentation of imipenem antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates Rezky Yanuarti; Firzan Nainu; Sartini Sartini
Pharmaciana Vol 11, No 1 (2021): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (562.178 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i1.16874

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The emergence of pathogenic bacteria with β-lactam antibiotics-resistant profile has threatened the continued use of such antibiotics in the future. This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of green tea ethanol extract (GTE) and its ability to improve the antibacterial action of several β-lactam antibiotics against Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. The simplicia of green tea was extracted by sonication for 30 minutes using 50% ethanol solvent, and the total phenolic content of the GTE was subsequently determined. Next, the GTE used in testing against two clinical isolates of E. cloacae was obtained from the Pathology Laboratory of Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Hospital in Makassar. The sensitivity of bacteria to GTE was confirmed using the agar diffusion method, the Vitek® rapid method, and the double-disk synergistic test. Antibacterial activity of antibiotics, GTE, and combination of antibiotics with GTE were then tested against clinical isolates of E. cloacae using the checkerboard microdilution assay. The results showed that GTE contained 51.64 ± 0.21 % measured as gallic acid equivalent and 37.95 + 5.17 % Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The confirmatory test results indicated that one clinical isolate of E. cloacae (code 13/04) was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate but did not produce an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Another clinical E. cloacae isolate (code 275B/06) was indicated to produce ESBL and demonstrated to yield resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefotaxime. The minimum inhibitory concentration of GTE against the two clinical isolates of E. cloacae was >8000 ppm (8 mg/ml). In conclusion, GTE could not increase the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin and cefotaxime, but it was sufficient to improve the activity of imipenem against the tested isolates of E. cloacae.
Sensor Asam Nukleat Sebagai Aktivator Imunitas Intrinsik Terhadap Patogen Intraseluler: Nucleic Acid Sensors as Activators of Intrinsic Immunity Against Intracellular Pathogens Usmar Usmar; Rudi Arfiansyah; Firzan Nainu
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017): (October 2017)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (480.173 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.0.v0.i0.8922

Abstract

Vertebrata, termasuk manusia, dilengkapi dengan sistem imun alamiah dan sistem imun adaptif yang saling bekerjasama untuk melindungi tubuh dari material berbahaya, termasuk berbagai patogen dan sel-sel kanker. Kedua sistem imun tersebut secara rutin melakukan pengecekan terhadap beragam material yang ada di dalam tubuh. Salah satu cara yang digunakan oleh sistem imun dalam melaksanakan tugasnya adalah melalui pengaktifan sensor asam nukleat yang berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi keberadaan DNA atau RNA asing maupun kemungkinan adanya salinan DNA inang di sitoplasma atau lokasi lain yang tidak semestinya. Ketika genom patogen terdeteksi oleh sensor-sensor tersebut, selanjutnya efektor sistem imun akan diaktivasi melalui serangkaian proses dan berakhir dengan eradikasi asam nukleat target atau bahkan induksi apoptosis sel yang bersangkutan. Beberapa sensor asam nukleat yang telah ditemukan antara lain adalah Toll-like receptor (TLR), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), dan interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). Namun, sejumlah patogen telah memiliki mekanisme untuk menghindari sensor-sensor tersebut sehingga infeksi tetap dapat terjadi. Dengan demikian, berbagai penelitian untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana sensor asam nukleat bekerja sebagai salah satu respon imun intraseluler serta mekanisme terbentuknya resistensi patogen terhadap deteksi sensor tersebut sangat penting untuk didorong. Hal ini akan memberikan wawasan baru dalam pengembangan berbagai sediaan farmasi terkait seperti vaksin dan antimikroba intraseluler.
Review : Imunoterapi Penanganan Infeksi Virus Usmar Usmar; Andi Maghfirah Nurul Fitri; Dewi Yuliana; Firzan Nainu
Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi STIKES Mandala Waluya Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpi.v7i1.76

Abstract

Penyakit menular akibat virus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang mempengaruhi sistem kesehatan masyarakat dan ekonomi di seluruh dunia. Hal tersebut mendorong disusunnya artikel ini untuk mendiskusikan relevansi dan pentingnya imunoterapi dalam menentukan pilihan terapetik terkait infeksi virus, dengan menitikberatkan pembahasan pada ketersediaan pilihan vaksin dan obat yang telah ditemukan untuk membantu manusia melawan berbagai jenis infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus. Penulisan artikel review naratif ini dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis pustaka primer maupun sekunder terkait yang berhasil dikumpulkan dari database online Google Scholar dan NCBI-PubMed. Selain itu, sumber acuan pustaka juga diambil dari beberapa buku teks akademik. Imunoterapi merupakan bidang yang berkembang melalui interaksi bidang imunologi, farmakologi dan farmakoterapi yang memiliki perkembangan yang pesat terutama dalam kondisi pandemi COVID-19 yang dihadapi saat ini. Meskipun terapi dan obat-obatan yang digunakan dalam bidang imunofarmakologi masih terbatas serta banyak hal yang belum dapat ditemukan, namun teknologi baru dan kemajuan pesat dalam pengetahuan tentang regulasi sistem imun telah menjadikan imunofterapi sebagai bidang yang memiliki potensi besar dan menjanjikan dalam penanganan infeksi virus maupun patogen lain. Oleh karena itu, konsep imunoterapi serta relevansinya dengan penyakit manusia merupakan salah satu solusi yang menawarkan pilihan baru untuk kebutuhan medis yang belum terpenuhi terkait penyakit infeksi akibat virus.
Co-Authors Aamer Ikram Abdeen, Ziad Acharya, Yogesh Ahmad Mu'arif Ahmad Najib Ai Koyanagi Aksa, Rahmad Amanda Yufika Amir, Muhammad Nur Amirullah -, Amirullah Anak Agung Dewi Megawati, Anak Agung Dewi Anastasia Bondarenko Andi Maghfirah Nurul Fitri Andri Frediansyah Andri Frediansyah, Andri Arba, Muhammad Arsyik Ibrahim As'ad, Muhammad F. Asbah, Asbah Asri, Rangga M. As’ad, Muh. Fadhil Bahar, Muhammad A. Bapulo, Nurdewi N. Base, Nurul Hidayah Bob Wilffert Bohari Yusuf Bondarenko, Anastasia Chadran, Deepak Chaeratunnisa, Rizkya Chandran, Deepak Deepak Chandran Dewi Megawati Dewi Purwaningsih Dewi Yuliana Dewita Fatiah Dina E. Sallam Dini Ayu Ariastiwi B Djide, Nana Juniarti Natsir Elly Wahyudin Emil Salim Emran, Talha B. Endang Mutiawati Rahayuningsih* ENDANG MUTIAWATI, ENDANG Fahriani, Marhami Fajar, Jhonny K. Fathima, Raisha Fatmawati Fatmawati Fauzi Yusuf Fauzi Yusuf, Fauzi Filmaharani, Filmaharani Francesco Rosiello Gemini Alam Habibie Habibie HANIFAH YUSUF Hanifah Yusuf Harapan Harapan Harapan Harapan Harapan Harapan Hardiyanti, Widya Hassan , Wardah Herlina Rante Herlina Rante Herman Herman Hibban Ar Royan Husnah, Milda I Made W. Wardhana Ikram Ikram Ikram, Aamer Ilmawan, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah Islamudin Ahmad Ismail Ismail J. Smith Torres-Roman James-Paul Kretchy Jhonny K. Fajar Jonny K. Fajar Katarzyna Kotfis Kazmi, Syeda K. Keam, Synat Khader, Yousef Khaerani, Mufliha Khairuddin - Khan Sharun Kidoura, Yuto Kotfis, Katarzyna Koyanagi, Ai Kretchy, James-Paul Kurnia F. Jamil Kurnia F. Jamil Laode Rijai Latada, Nadila P. Latada, Nadila Pratiwi Latief, Kamaluddin Latifah Rahman Lee Smith Lemu, Yohannes K. Lucia Ratna Winata Muslimin M. Natsir Djide M. Natsir Djide Maelani, Imelda Maliga, Helnida A. Malik Sallam Mamada, Sukamto Mamada, Sukamto S. Mangilep, Muhammad Agung Ady Marhami Fahriani Marianti A Manggau Marianti A.Manggau Marius Rademaker Masyeni, Sri Mellinia, Sania A. Memish, Ziad A. Milda Husnah Mirhansyah Ardana Mu'arif, Ahmad Mudatsir Mudatsir Mudjahid, Mukarram Mufidah Murdifin Muh. Akbar Bahar Muhammad Ahsan Muhammad Ilmawan Muhammad J. Tahir Muhammad Natsir Djide Mutiara, Suci Nakanishi, Yoshinobu Nalapraya, Widhy Y. Nanda, Cut M. Nirwana, Aura Nur Rahma Rumata Ophinni, Youdiil Pratama, Muhammad R. Putri, Annisa A. Putri, Tenri ZAD. Rademaker, Marius Rangga Meidianto Asri Rezky Yanuarti Risfah Yulianty Rochmat Himawan Rosa, Reski A. Rosa, Reski Amalia Rosa, Sandro GV. Rosany tayeb Rosiello, Francesco Royan, Hibban Ar Rudi Arfiansyah Rudi Arfiansyah Rudi Arfiansyah Rudi Arfiansyah sakiya syahrir sudirman Salin Sirinam Sallam, Dina E. Sallam, Malik SALSABILA, ANNISA Samsul Anwar Sandro GV. Rosa Sandro Vento Sari, Dwi K. Sarifuddin Sarifuddin Sartini Sartini Sartini Sartini Selvi Jumiatul Astati Sharun, Khan Shiratsuchi, Akiko Sirinam, Salin Sitti Hadijah Sitti Nurhamidah Smith, Lee Subehan Subehan Subehan, Subehan Suhenro, Suhenro Sukamto Mamada Sukamto S. Mamada Syahraini, Aigia Syamsu Nur, Syamsu Syeda K. Kazmi Synat Keam Tahir, Muhammad J. Takayuki Kuraishi Talha B. Emran Toriba, Akira Torres-Roman, J. Smith Tri Puspita Roska Tri Puspita Roska Ullah , Irfan Umar, Abdul H. Usmar Usmar Usmar Usmar Vento, Sandro Wardah Hassan Yesi Astri Yogesh Acharya Yohannes K. Lemu Youdiil Ophinni Yousef Khader Yufika, Amanda Yulia Yusrini Djabir Ziad A. Memish Ziad Abdeen Zubair, Muhammad S.