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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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In Vitro Development of Ovine Embryos Following Maturation Under Limited CO2 ENDANG TRI MARGAWATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 3 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of CO2 during in vitro oocyte maturation on the in vitro ovine embryo development. Three treatments of CO2 were subjected to the oocyte development. Those were 2h gasses prior to maturation in incubator (T1); without CO2 either prior to or over maturation (T2) and CO2 exposure both prior to and over 22h maturation (T3). A total of 324 oocytes were used. Putative zygotes were cultured for seven days and evaluated for their developmental stage. Presence of CO2 (T3) increased the proportion of oocytes reaching Metaphase II ( 66.50 + 3.5%; p

Yield Potential of Ten Peanut Introgression Lines derived from Crosses between Arachis cardenassii and A. hypogaea AHMAD RIDUAN; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 3 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Diploid species of peanut (Arachis cardenasii) showed no symptoms of PStV infection when mechanically inoculated with PStV. Some introgression lines derived from A. cardenasii and A. hypogaea hybridization have been introduced to Indonesia. Evaluation of their adaptability and yield potential were necessary before pursuing further utilization of these introgression lines. The objectives of this research were to determine yield potential of the introgression lines of peanut in green house and field conditions and to evaluate incidence of PStV infection in the field. Peanut plants were grown in the green house and in the field according to standard procedures for raising peanut. Results of the experiments showed that growth and developmental characters of the tested lines were similar between field and green house grown plants. The introgression lines generally exhibited higher secondary branches and longer to flower and harvest as compared to peanut cv. Gajah and Kelinci. The NC-CS30 line was identfied as having higher yield and bigger seed size as compared to standard peanut cultivars (Gajah and Kelinci). Therefore, NC-CS30 germplasm may be further developed as commercial peanut cultivar or be used as donor for peanut breeding in Indonesia.

Moth Diversity at Sebangau Peat Swamp and Busang River Secondary Rain Forest, Central Kalimantan HARI SUTRISNO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 3 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A study on the diversity of moths was conducted from July to Augustus 2004 at the peat swamp forest Setya Alam research station, Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. The result showed that diversity of moths at this area was lower (100 species of 12 families; H = 6.643, E = 0.794) than that in secondary rain forest Busang River (278 species of 19 families; H = 8.139, E = 0.831). The result also showed that the similarity index (Cj) of the two areas was very low (0.05). Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Pyralidae were dominant in both areas. There might be more species that have not been found during eight night sampling as indicated by the species numbers in both areas has not reach a plateau.

GFDD4-1 Gene Expression in Physcomitrella patens and Homologous Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana in Response to Abiotic Stress DIAH RATNADEWI; WOLFGANG FRANK
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A number of abiotic stress responsive genes have been identified from various plant species through reverse genetic strategy. A group of genes are involved in plant responses to stress; they are activated by diverse stress conditions and through different mechanisms. One single gene can be induced by several different stress factors; on the other hand, a number of genes can be up-regulated by a single factor. In Physcomitrella patens, through Northern hybridization, the transcript level of the gene GFDD4-I was detected to be markedly increased by ABA, dehydration and cold, but not by salinity and osmotic stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a homologous gene to GFDD4-1 namely At2g47770, was confirmed to fulfill similar function as in P. patens: it is inducible by various abiotic stress treatments, i.e. ABA, dehydration, salinity, and cold. Inducible genes in response to abiotic stress factors may be responsible for plant tolerance to those factors.

Photosynthesis of C3 and C4 Species in Response to Increased CO2 Concentration and Drought Stress HAMIM HAMIM
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Photosynthetic gas exchange in response to increased carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and drought stress of two C3 (wheat and kale) and two C4 species (Echinochloa crusgallii and Amaranthus caudatus) were analysed. Plants were grown in controlled growth chambers with ambient (350 mol mol-1) and doubled ambient [CO2]. Drought was given by withholding water until the plants severely wilted, whereas the control plants were watered daily. Even though stomatal conductance (Gs) of C4 species either under ambient or double [CO2] was lower than those in C3, doubled [CO2] decreased Gs of all species under well watered conditions. As a result, the plants grown under doubled [CO2] transpired less water than those grown under ambient [CO2]. Photosynthesis (Pn) of the C4 species was sustained during moderate drought when those of the C3 species decreased significantly. Doubled [CO2] increased photosynthesis of C3 but not of C4 species. Increased [CO2] was only able to delay Pn reduction of all species due to the drought, but not remove it completely. The positive effects of increased [CO2] during moderate drought and the disappearance of it under severe drought suggesting that metabolic effect may limit photosynthesis under severe drought.

Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Protecting Agent Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus on Chillipepper MUHAMMAD TAUFIK; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; GEDE SUASTIKA; SIENTJE MANDANG SUMARAW; SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in protecting chillipepper plant from infection of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV). Seven isolates of PGPR, i.e. BC1, BTP2H, BTP3G, BTP3O BTP1, BTP2D, and T1F were applied as seed treatment and soil drench. Plants height, number of branch, and fruits weight were measured every one and ten weeks after virus inoculation. Virus concentration in plants and disease incidence were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results showed that inoculation with PGPR improved the seed germination. Eight days after sowing, the percentage of PGPR treated seed germination reached 50-84%; whereas those of untreated seed reached only 18%. In general, PGPR treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the effect of virus infection on plant growth. Two PGPR isolates, i.e. BTP1 and BTP2H, maintained fruit weight of infected plants as good as those of healthy plants. Based on ELISA, PGPR was able to inhibit the disease incidence. The BTP3O and BTP2D isolates even protected the plant from ChiVMV infection. Concentration of salicylic acid and peroxidase were relatively higher on plants treated with PGPR than those without PGPR treatment. This gave an indication that PGPR may act as induction agents for systemic acquired resistance. Therefore, PGPR treatment is a promising strategy to control viral diseases on chillipepper.

Effects of Antioxidants as Prestorage Seed Invigoration Treatments on Storability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds YULLIANIDA YULLIANIDA; ENDANG MURNIATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Oilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 oC and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds.Back

Parasitoid and Parasitization of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in South Sumatera SITI HERLINDA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Surveys from May 2003 to January 2004 in South Sumatera were conducted to determine parasitoid attacking Plutella xylostella (L.) and to estimate P. xylostella parasitization by the parasitoids. The eggs and the larvae of P. xylostella were collected from brassicaceous crops, i.e. mustard, Indian mustard, and cabbage. Six parasitoids found were Trichogrammatoidea cojuangcoi Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Cotesia plutellae (Kurdj.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdj.) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), and a ceraphronid wasp (unidentified species). Trichogrammatoidea cojuangcoi parasitized P. xylostella eggs, however, the others parasitized the larvae except the ceraphronid wasp. In South Sumatera, the ceraphronid wasp was reported for the first time parasitizing D. semiclausum pupae, and its parasitization reached 6.2%. Oomyzus sokolowskii and Tetrastichus were found in this area for the first time, as well. In the highland, D. semiclausum was the most abundant compared to the others where its parasitization reached 79.2%. In the lowland P. xylostella larvae was mainly attacked by C. plutellae with the parasitization reaching 64.9%. In the dry and rainy seasons, the parasitization was mainly exerted by T. cojuangcoi (77.0%) and D. semiclausum (79.2%).

Regeneration Capacity of Indica Rice cv. Bengawan Solo in Two Types of Regeneration Media through Microprojectile Bombardment TRI JOKO SANTOSO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; IDA HANARIDA SOMANTRI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Factors affecting the success of gene delivery into cells/tissues of rice mediated by particle bombardment have been investigated. However, their effects on regeneration capacity of rice explants have not been investigated. Objectives of this experiments were to evaluate the effects of particle bombardment on regeneration capacity of indica rice cv. Bengawan Solo calli and the effects of four regeneration media on the development of bombardment calli. Calli of indica rice were initiated from mature seeds on callus-inducing medium. They were transferred on osmoticum containing medium prior to bombardment and maintained on the medium up to two days. Particle bombardment was conducted at 16 cm bombardment distance, 27 cm Hg helium pressure and using standard procedures for preparation of microprojectile particles. The bombarded calli were cultured on RNB or RMS regeneration medium, with or without spermidine addition. Results of the experiment indicated particle bombardment affected the survival of explants of indica rice but did not affect the development of the explants. The development of explants was rather dependent on the regeneration media than on the particle bombardment treatment. RMS medium was better than RNB medium for shoots inducing from bombarded indica rice explants.

The Potency of Dextranase from Arthrobacter sp. Strain B7 as Dental Plaque Removal AFAF BAKTIR; NOOR CHOLIES ZAINI; UNTUNG MURDIYATMO; KUNTAMAN KUNTAMAN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2005): December 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Dextranase of Arthrobacter sp. strain B7 (B7DEX enzyme) was characterized in this study. This enzyme hydrolyzed sucrose and dextran, but not other glucans (starch, nigeran, cellulose, -soluble glucan). It also hydrolyzed glucan from dental plaque with the activity of 7.38 +/- 66 U/ml, where the activity toward dextran was 31.88 +/- 1.24 U/ml. The enzyme exhibited the pH optimum of 7 and the temperature optimum of 50 0C. Its optimum stability was at pH 7 and 50 0C. The enzyme was inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ag+, but not by the anionic detergent (SDS) and the nonionic detergent (Triton-X). The enzyme was activated by Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and saliva.

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