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Global and Policy Journal of International Relations
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
ISSN : 23379960     EISSN : 27454274     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Global & Policy adalah jurnal ilmiah yang dikelola oleh Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Universitas Pembangunan "Veteran" Jawa Timur. Global & Policy menerima artikel baik hasil pemikiran maupun hasil penelitian dalam bidang terkait kajian Hubungan Internasional kontemporer. Jurnal Global & Policy diterbitkan dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Juni dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 252 Documents
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Meningkatkan Efisiensi Perdagangan: Sinergi Berkelanjutan Indonesia-Uni Eropa Melalui ARISE+ Indonesia Trade Support Facility Heriamsal, Krisman
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 12, No 02 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v12i02.4755

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the impact of the European Union's support initiative for Indonesia's trade facilitation through the ASEAN Regional Integration Support from European Union plus Indonesia (ARISE+ Indonesia) program on trade relations between the European Union and Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach, and uses data collection techniques through literature studies, by studying, analyzing, and reviewing literature sourced from books, e-books, journals, documents, and online media. By using the theory of liberalism, the results of this study show that the ARISE+ Indonesia program has succeeded in increasing trade flows between the European Union and Indonesia, improving the quality of Indonesian export products, creating open access for Indonesian export products to enter the global market, and increasing the promotion and productivity of Indonesian geographical indication products. Keywords: European Union, ARISE+ Indonesia, Trade Facilitation ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari inisiatif dukungan Uni Eropa untuk fasilitasi perdagangan Indonesia melalui program ASEAN Regional Integration Support from European Union plus Indonesia (ARISE+Indonesia) terhadap hubungan perdagangan kedua pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, dengan cara mempelajari, menganalisis, dan menelaah literatur yang bersumber dari Buku, E-book, Jurnal, dokumen, dan media daring. Dengan menggunakan teori liberalisme, Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program ARISE+ Indonesia telah berhasil meningkatkan arus perdagangan antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia, meningkatkan kualitas produk ekspor Indonesia, menciptakan keterbukaan akses bagi produk ekspor Indonesia untuk memasuki pasar global, serta meningkatkan promosi dan produktivitas produk indikasi geografis Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Uni Eropa, ARISE+ Indonesia, Fasilitasi Perdagangan
BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE SEBAGAI GERBANG KONEKTIVITAS DI ASIA TENGGARA Erba, Reyhan
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 12, No 02 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v12i02.4649

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a connectivity gateway in Southeast Asia through a literature review method. The BRI, spearheaded by China, has become one of the largest global initiatives focused on infrastructure development and economic connectivity. This study reviews various literature including government reports, journal articles, books and other publications to evaluate the impact and implications of the BRI in the Southeast Asia region. The research results show that BRI has made a significant contribution to improving physical and economic connectivity between countries in Southeast Asia through infrastructure development such as roads, bridges, ports and trains. Apart from that, BRI also encourages increasing foreign direct investment and strengthening regional cooperation. However, this research also identified several challenges, including environmental sustainability issues, financial risks, and economic inequality between countries. In conclusion, although the BRI offers great opportunities for increased connectivity in Southeast Asia, a careful approach and risk mitigation strategies are needed to ensure long-term benefits for the entire region.Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, BRI, Southeast Asia, Connectivity
China's Multi-Stakeholder Engagement in Indonesia via Development-Driven Public Diplomacy Riyanto, Budi; Amaliyah, Ridha; Nuraini, Rahmi
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5163

Abstract

This paper examines China's "development-driven" public diplomacy in Indonesia, focusing on how economic initiatives, particularly under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), strategically engage the multi-stakeholder ecosystem comprising Academia, Business, Government, Community, and Media (ABGCM). Drawing on the Penta Helix framework, the study argues that China utilizes tangible development projects, such as Luban Workshops, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail, and the Morowali Industrial Park, as deliberate platforms to shape Indonesian perceptions, strengthen bilateral ties, and advance its strategic goals. Analysis reveals that this multi-stakeholder engagement results in uneven effectiveness and inherent contradictions. While these initiatives often deliver discernible economic benefits and foster positive sentiment in certain quarters, particularly strengthening Government-to-Government (G-G) and Business-to-Business (B-B) ties, they simultaneously produce significant negative externalities, social friction, environmental degradation, and public skepticism. The effectiveness varies across cases and ABGCM pillars; Luban Workshops show positive outcomes with targeted groups. HSR and IMIP face substantial negative feedback from the Community, Media, and NGOs due to implementation issues and social/environmental costs. The study highlights those Indonesian stakeholders who actively mediate outcomes. It contributes a nuanced understanding of how development functions as a public diplomacy tool within a complex domestic context and the challenges of balancing economic objectives with achieving broad social acceptance and legitimacy.
Analisis Strategis Keanggotaan Indonesia dalam BRICS terhadap Migrasi dan Proteksionisme Tenaga Kerja: Tinjauan Ekonomi Politik Migrasi Sari, Dewi Fortuna; Ningsih, Walda Okvi Juliana
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5119

Abstract

Keanggotaan Indonesia dalam BRICS dapat menciptakan berbagai peluang dan tantangan yang berbeda dalam integrasi ekonomi global yang berpengaruh terhadap migrasi nasional dan kebijakan proteksionisme tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran BRICS dalam arah kebijakan ketenagakerjaan global dan dampaknya terhadap kebijakan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, khususnya pada perlindungan pekerja dan mobilitas tenaga kerja. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan kerangka teori Political Economy of Migration dari Geddes dan Scholten (2016), penelitian ini menganalisis interaksi antara kepentingan politik nasional dan tekanan global dalam konseptualisasi kebijakan ketenagakerjaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BRICS digunakan sebagai platform alternatif bagi Indonesia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan integrasi global khususnya terkait ketenagakerjaan yang lebih sesuai dengan konteks negara berkembang. Bagi Indonesia, keanggotaan BRICS memberikan peluang yang strategis mengingat posisi tawarnya saat ini dalam diplomasi ketenagakerjaan, keanggotaan BRICS akan membuka jalur yang memungkinkan terbentuknya kebijakan yang beradaptasi dengan perubahan di pasar tenaga kerja global dan sumber daya domestik Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Indonesia, BRICS, Ketenagakerjaan, Ekonomi Politik
Kemiskinan dan Daya Saing Indonesia: Analisis Keterkaitan Antara Standar Kemiskinan dengan Posisi Indonesia di Pasar Global Wulandari, Diah Ayu; Simatupang, Helga Yohana
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5217

Abstract

ABSTRACT   Poverty is not only a domestic problem in the context of globalization and worldwide economic integration, but it also directly affects a nation's standing on the map of global competition. Compared to other Southeast Asian nations, Indonesia has a low national poverty standard, which contributes to the country's ongoing difficult poverty issue. The Indonesian government's poverty standard is frequently criticized for being too low and failing to accurately represent the actual circumstances of the impoverished. This study looks at how national productivity, human resource quality, and human development accomplishments—the primary determinants of the global competitiveness index—are impacted by the setting of the poverty criterion. Using secondary data from national and international institutions and a descriptive qualitative approach, this study concludes that while a low poverty standard may give the appearance of effective poverty alleviation, it actually limits attempts to raise Indonesia's competitiveness in a sustainable way. Therefore, setting a more reasonable poverty standard is necessary before creating a more inclusive and long-lasting national competitiveness. Keywords: Poverty, Competitiveness, Indonesia, Global Market ABSTRAK Dalam konteks globalisasi dan integrasi ekonomi internasional, isu kemiskinan tidak hanya menjadi persoalan domestik, tetapi juga berdampak langsung terhadap posisi suatu negara dalam peta persaingan global. Kemiskinan di Indonesia masih menjadi persoalan yang kompleks, salah satunya disebabkan oleh standar kemiskinan nasional yang rendah jika dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di Asia Tenggara. Standar kemiskinan yang digunakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia sering dikritik karena dinilai terlalu rendah sehingga tidak mencerminkan kondisi riil masyarakat miskin.  Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana penetapan standar kemiskinan tersebut memengaruhi capaian pembangunan manusia, kualitas sumber daya manusia, dan produktivitas nasional, yang merupakan komponen utama dalam indeks daya saing global. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan data sekunder dari lembaga nasional dan internasional, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa standar kemiskinan yang rendah dapat menciptakan ilusi keberhasilan pengentasan kemiskinan, tetapi justru menghambat upaya peningkatan daya saing Indonesia secara berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, penyesuaian standar kemiskinan yang lebih realistis menjadi krusial sebagai langkah awal dalam membangun daya saing nasional yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan, Daya Saing, Indonesia, Pasar Global
Indonesia’s Emerging Role as a Key Donor in South-South Cooperation Azis, Aswin Ariyanto
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5062

Abstract

Considering Indonesia’s transformation into a new donor within the framework of South-South Cooperation (SSC), this study explores the strategic and geopolitical significance of its engagement in SSC. The problem lies in understanding how Indonesia’s role aligns with its national interests while addressing global development challenges. The aim is to identify the strategies and implications of Indonesia’s foreign aid policy in SSC, focusing on its justification as a Middle Income Country and a developing economy. To this end, the author proceeds by using a qualitative approach, analyzing secondary data from policy documents, international reports, and historical records related to Indonesia’s engagement in SSC. In this way, it can be observed that Indonesia’s shift from a recipient to a new donor reflects its commitment to reducing dependency among the Global South countries while strengthening its image and influence at the international level. This allows the author to conclude that Indonesia’s proactive role in SSC not only strengthens its diplomatic and economic position but also underlines its long-term strategy to support sustainable development and foster South-South solidarity.
Mediasi Tiongkok dalam Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Iran-Arab Saudi 2023 Abdullah, Abdullah
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5095

Abstract

ABSTRACT The bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran are characterized by turmoil. Tensions reached a peak in 2016 with the execution of Nimr Al-Nimr, a Shia cleric, which sparked the arson of the Saudi Arabian embassy in Iran and severed diplomatic relations between the two countries. This conflict is rooted in differences in political views that have caused regional polarization and geopolitical instability in the Middle East, as well as having an impact on global economic stability related to oil supplies. Even though other countries' diplomatic efforts failed, the People's Republic of China (PRC) succeeded in becoming a mediator in normalizing relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran in 2023. China plays an important role as a mediator in efforts to reduce tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This article examines the mediator role played by China during the dispute resolution process in diplomatic relations between the two countries. In this process, China succeeded in facilitating dialogue between the two countries, focusing on strategies, goals, interests and challenges faced during the mediation process. Research findings show that China's involvement contributed significantly to building trust between countries in conflict, thereby successfully convincing both parties. to normalize diplomatic relations. Keywords: Arab Saudi, Iran, Mediation, Normalization, China ABSTRAK Hubungan bilateral Arab Saudi dan Iran diwarnai oleh gejolak yang cenderung terlihat sebagai persaingan dan konflik. Ketegangan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2016 dengan eksekusi Nimr Al-Nimr, seorang ulama Syiah, yang memicu pembakaran terhadap kedutaan Arab Saudi di Iran dan memutus hubungan diplomatik kedua negara. Konflik ini berakar pada perbedaan pandangan politik yang menyebabkan polarisasi regional dan ketidakstabilan geopolitik di Timur Tengah, serta berdampak pada stabilitas ekonomi global terkait pasokan minyak. Meskipun upaya diplomatik negara- negara lain gagal, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) berhasil menjadi mediator dalam normalisasi hubungan Arab Saudi dan Iran pada tahun 2023.Tiongkok memainkan peran penting sebagai mediator dalam upaya meredakan ketegangan antara Iran dan Arab Saudi. Artikel ini menelaah peran mediator yang dijalankan Tiongkok selama proses penyelesaian sengketa dalam hubungan diplomatik kedua negara. Dalam proses tersebut Tiongkok berhasil memfasilitasi dialog antara kedua negara tersebut, dengan fokus pada strategi, tujuan, kepentingan dan tantangan yang dihadapi selama proses mediasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan Tiongkok berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam membangun kepercayaan antar negara yang berkonflik, hingga berhasil meyakinkan kedua belah pihak untuk menormalisasi hubungan diplomatik. Kata Kunci: Arab Saudi, Iran, Mediasi, Normalisasi, Tiongkok
Keamanan Komunitas dan Tata Kelola Perbatasan: Studi Kasus Wilayah Baarle-Nassau dan Baarle-Hertog Perbawani, Firsty Chintya Laksmi
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5281

Abstract

This article examines community security and border governance through a case study of Baarle-Nassau (Netherlands) and Baarle-Hertog (Belgium), an enclave-exclave region marked by extreme spatial and administrative fragmentation, comprising 30 enclaves in total; 22 Belgian enclaves within the Netherlands and 8 Dutch counter-enclaves within Belgian territory. Using a qualitative-descriptive method and the UNDP’s (2012) framework of community security, this article explores seven key dimensions: (1) historical-rooted spatial fragmentation reflects unresolved conflict legacies; (2) civic participation is institutionalized through joint bodies like Gemeenschappelijke Orgaan Baarle (GOB) and Benelux Grouping for Territorial Cooperation (BGTC); (3) multi-sectoral collaboration enables dual delivery of services such as education and emergency response; (4) strong social cohesion is fostered through inclusive events and symbolic integration; (5) access to reliable public services is ensured via shared schools and infrastructure; (6) the absence of intercommunal violence demonstrates effective boundary normalization; and (7) local institutions exhibit strong capacity for cross-border coordination. These findings are situated within the broader framework of border governance, showing how overlapping jurisdictions and divided territories give rise to mosaic sovereignty, where functional cooperation overrides territorial rigidity, and everyday bordering, where symbolic negotiation and civic routines normalize fragmentation. The Baarle case thus illustrates how human security and border governance can coexist through flexible, inclusive, and community-centered practices.
Implementasi Upaya Geopolitik Rusia Di Kawasan Arktik Tahun 2020-2023 Jihan, Hilmi Nur; Hapsari, Renitha Dwi
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.4424

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research focuses on exploring the geopolitical strategies implemented by Russia in the Arctic region which is rich in natural resources. The Arctic region, although small and shallow, has huge economic potential, including oil, natural gas and liquefied gas. Various countries, including Russia, Canada, the United States, Norway, and Denmark, compete to secure this territory. By having the largest land mass in the Arctic, Russia actively secures its claims through strategic policies and actions. The 2035 basic principles policy document reflects Russia's geopolitical efforts in the Arctic region, with a focus on economy, infrastructure and security. This research uses qualitative data analysis methods by collecting data from literature to provide an objective description of the situation. Efforts such as natural resource extraction, infrastructure development, and military presence in the Arctic are a major focus, demonstrating Russia's determination to maintain its dominance in the Arctic region. Keywords: Geopolitics, National Policy, Natural Exploitation, Infrastructure, Russian Military ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berfokus pada eksplorasi strategi geopolitik yang diterapkan oleh Rusia di wilayah Arktik yang kaya akan sumber daya alam. Wilayah Arktik, meskipun terkecil dan dangkal, memiliki potensi ekonomi yang besar, termasuk minyak, gas alam, dan gas cair. Berbagai negara, termasuk Rusia, Kanada, Amerika Serikat, Norwegia, dan Denmark, bersaing untuk mengamankan wilayah ini. Dengan memiliki daratan terbesar di Arktik, Rusia aktif mengamankan klaimnya melalui kebijakan dan tindakan strategis. Dokumen kebijakan prinsip dasar 2035 menjadi cerminan dari upaya geopolitik Rusia di wilayah Arktik, dengan fokus pada ekonomi, infrastruktur, dan keamanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari literatur untuk memberikan deskripsi yang objektif tentang situasi tersebut. Upaya seperti ekstraksi sumber daya alam, pengembangan infrastruktur, dan kehadiran militer di Arktik menjadi fokus utama, menunjukkan tekad Rusia untuk mempertahankan dominasinya di kawasan Arktik. Kata Kunci: Geopolitik, Kebijakan Nasional, Eksploitasi Alam, Infrastruktur, Militer Rusia
Five Nos Approach Sebagai Bentuk Soft Hegemony Tiongkok di Kawasan Afrika Oktariyansah, Muhammad Iqbal
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 13, No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v13i01.4820

Abstract

Kemerdekaan negara-negara Afrika dari negara barat dipandang oleh Tiongkok sebagai suatu kesempatan besar untuk menunjukkan hegemoni melalui pendekatan Five Nos Approach. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Five No Approach dapat menjadi bentuk soft hegemony Tiongkok di Kawasan Afrika. Dengan menggunakan method of historical structures, penelitian ini akan menekankan pada cara pandang bagaimana institusi dan kapasitas material bekerja sama membentuk suatu ide yang berlaku dalam sistem hegemonik atau dikenal dengan triangle of force.. Pendekatan melalui Five Nos ini memperlihatkan bentuk dominasi terselubung berupa soft hegemony Tiongkok di kawasan Afrika.  Pertama, secara ideologis, Five Nos membentuk narasi bahwa Tiongkok adalah mitra sejajar dan bukan kekuatan imperialis seperti negara-negara barat. Ide ini tumbuh dalam konteks sejarah Afrika yang mengalami trauma akan kolonialisme, sehingga diterima secara luas dan tanpa resistensi. Kedua, dari segi kapasitas material, Tiongkok memiliki kekuatan ekonomi yang besar, yang digunakan untuk membiayai infrastruktur dan kerja sama ekonomi di Afrika melalui proyek-proyek seperti Belt and Road Initiatives. Hal ini menciptakan ketergantungan ekonomi negara-negara Afrika terhadap Tiongkok. Ketiga, institusi-institusi kerja sama, baik bilateral maupun multilateral seperti FOCAC. Hal ini memperkuat posisi Tiongkok sebagai aktor dominan yang mengatur arah kerja sama. Sehingga five nos dapat dikatakan sebagai pendekatan bersifat soft hegemony oleh Tiongkok kepada negara-negara di kawasan Afrika. Kata Kunci: Afrika, Five Nos, Hegemoni, Tiongkok

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