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Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Petugas Pengelola Obat dengan Tingkat Ketersediaan Obat Di Puskesmas Kota Malang
Published by Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2461114X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan petugas pengelola obat dengan tingkat ketersediaan obat di beberapa Puskesmas Kota Malang. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan observasional analitik cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel responden adalah dengan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner pengetahuan petugas pengelola obat dan lembar pengumpul data tingkat ketersediaan yang dilihat dari data LPLPO
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Farmasi
Articles 155 Documents
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Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Faktor Sosiodemografi dalam Swamedikasi Analgesik Oral terhadap Pasien dengan Keluhan Nyeri Gigi di Beberapa Apotek Kota Malang Shafira fira
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.4

Abstract

Rasa nyeri gigi timbul ditandai dengan adanya kerusakan pada struktur gigi. Obat obat  analgesik memiliki efek samping gangguan pada lambung jika digunakan secara tidak tepat. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analgesik  salah satu obat yang terbanyak digunakan secara swamedikasi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana  hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan seseorang mengenai swamedikasi analgesik oral dalam mengatasi keluhan nyeri gigi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode cross sectional. Karakteristik sosiodemografi yang diteliti meliputi  usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, penghasilan, dan pekerjaan. Pemilihan sampel apotek dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling, sedangkan responden dengan teknik purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Jumlah responden diperoleh sebanyak 100 responden dari 15 apotek. Tingkat pengetahuan diukur dengan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 10 pernyataan tertutup dengan 2 jawaban benar dan salah. Uji Somers’d dan Kruskal Wills digunakan sebagai analisis statistik guna mengetahui hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan dalam swamedikasi nyeri gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Kota Malang yang melakukan swamedikasi analgesik oral terbanyak kategori cukup (37%), kurang (32%), dan baik (31%), dan juga terdapat  hubungan signifikan pada usia (p=0.005) dan pendidikan (0.000). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak semua faktor sosiodemografi berpengaruh dalam tingkat pengetahuan mengenai analgesik oral dimana hanya usia dan pendidikan yang berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan responden yang melakukan swamedikasi analgesik oral dalam  mengatasi keluhan nyeri gigi. Kata kunci: Tingkat pengetahuan, Sosiodemografi, Analgesik, Nyeri Gigi  
Ekspresi Glukosa Transporter-2 di Sel Beta Pankreas dan Sel Hepatosit Tikus yang Diinduksi Diabetes Mellitus teodhora teodhora
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.9

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an incurable disease that can be prevented clinically from worsening. This disease is based on classification related to pancreatic damage in total or partial so that the impact on insulin production. Glucose transporter is a protein that can glucose uptake from outside cell into cell and provides an important role in the body's glucose homeostasis. Glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) is found in the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Parameters used are the expression and amount of GLUT-2 density in pancreatic β cells and in hepatocyte cells in normal and diabetic Rat. Used Wistar strain male white rats. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining technique was performed to observe the expression of GLUT-2 and the macbiophotonics image J program to determine total density of GLUT-2. GLUT-2 is marked in brown in the cell nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm. The results showed an increased in GLUT-2 expression in hepatocyte cells with a total density of 25,447,052 and a decreased in GLUT-2 expression in pancreatic β cells with a total density of 5,074,544 by Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg BB-Nicotinamide 100 mg/kg BB (STZ-NA) Intraperitonial routes in induced DM rat. STZ-NA induced triggers damage in pancreatic β cells and significantly influences the expression of GLUT-2 protein. High blood glucose levels give different GLUT-2 activity in hepatocyte cells due to the effects of induced agent.
Hubungan Antara Faktor Sosiodemografi dan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Rawat Jalan Dalam Penggunaan Obat Metformin (Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo dan Puskesmas Kendalsari Kota Malang) Dariin Herryanti Sahafia
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.5

Abstract

Penderita DM di Indonesia menempati urutan ke-4 di dunia dan penyebab kematian ke-6 di Indonesia. Penderita DM pada tahun 2017 di Kota Malang terdapat 29.108 kasus. Penelitian ini peneliti memilih obat metformin karena penggunaan monoterapi atau pun kombinasi pada obat metformin dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi, namun pasien DM yang menggunakan obat Metformin seringkali menimbulkan efek samping karena penggunaan yang kurang tepat, sehingga dibutuhkan pengetahuan dalam penggunaannya seperti indikasi, cara penggunaan, dosis, efek samping, frekuensi pemberian dan penyimpanan obat metformin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan tingkat pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Rawat Jalan dalam penggunaan obat Metformin di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo dan Puskesmas Kendalsari Kota Malang. Desain Penelitian ini berupa observasional analitik dengan metode Cross Sectional yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo dan Kendalsari, pengambilan responden pasien diabetes Mellitus yang menggunakan obat metformin yang dipliih berdasarkan purposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 30 responden. Pengambilan data di lakukan dengan cara pengisian kuisioner tingkat pengetahuan dalam penggunaan Obat Metformin  yang terdiri 8 pernyataan dengan pilihan jawaban “Benar” atau “Salah”. Data sosiodemografi dan tingkat pegetahuan dianalisis menggunakan Uji Chi-square dan Somers’d. Hasil penelitian faktor sosiodemografi dan tingkat pengetahuan pasien Diabetes Mellitus dalam penggunaan obat Metformin menunjukkan bahwa banyak responden yang tergolong dalam kategori baik (83,33%), cukup (13,33%) dan kurang (3,33%). Pada penelitian ini terdapat hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat pengetahuan yang menunjukkan (p=0.042). Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan hanya faktor tingkat pendidikan yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pasien Diabetes Mellitus rawat jalan dalam penggunaan obat metformin di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo dan Kendalsari Kota Malang.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Hand Sanitizer Yang Di Produksi Secara Lokal Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus asri wido mukti
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.10

Abstract

The increasing status of corona disease (Covid -19) to become a pandemic by WHO has caused people to panic buying for several medical equipment, which is Hand Sanitizer. Some individuals took the opportunity to benefit from making their own Hand Sanitizers whose formula was questionable because they did not have a distribution license and were traded freely in the marketplace so that their quality was questionable. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Hand Sanitizers which are produced without a distribution permit and are traded freely in the marketplace against S.aureus bacteria. The method used is by using the disc diffusion technique and the zone of inhibition is determined. This study uses a positive control in the form of a Hand Sanitizer which has a distribution license and an oil carrier as a negative control. Five samples of Hand Sanitizer was collected from marketplace based on their popularity and there are inhibition zones only in the sample code HS1 (70% alcohol and castor oil) and HS5 (70% alcohol) with an inhibition zone diameter of 1.8 mm and 4.3 mm which shows a growth inhibition response to bacteria S.aureus is very weak. It can be concluded that the antibacterial activity of this locally produced Hand Sanitizer is very weak in inhibiting S.aureus bacteria.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Side Effects Rizal Rizal
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.1

Abstract

Aim: WHO projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. One of the macrovascular of diabetes is cardiovascular (CV) diseases, reported incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients is twice greater than control subjects and intensive use of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients increase CV mortality. This review will discusses the effect of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on CV outcomes.Data sources: PubMed 32 journals, Google Scholar 17 journals, BioMed Central 5 journals and others 1 journalMethod: A systemic search of all English-language articles up to 2020 was conducted using the following terms: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, gemigliptin, anagliptin, teneligliptin, alogliptin, trelagliptin, omarigliptin, cardiovascular, and mechanism on cardiovascular diseases.Results: Positive effect on CV of DPP-4i mediated by activate PI3K, CAMP, eNOS and PKA, and negative effect because their effects in modulate SP, peptide YY, and neuropeptide Y. CV outcomes of DPP-4i versus placebo are variated for MACEs, which are reported on sitagliptin HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.08; Vildagliptin RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11; Saxagliptin HR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.12; Linagliptin  HR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.12; Alogliptin HR 0.85, CI 95%, 0.66 to 1.10; and Omarigliptin HR=0.85, CI 95%, 0.66-1.10.Conclusion: Based on the mechanism DPP-4i inhibitors have either cardioprotective actions or poorer outcomes on CV because their activities are connected with the inhibition of various substrates. DPP-4i sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, and omarigliptin did not significantly increase of MACE (major adverse cardiac events).
Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer PVP:EC dan HPMC:EC Terhadap Sediaan Transdermal Pada Karakteristik Patch yang Baik : Review Fuziyanti, Nova
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10

Abstract

Transdermal is a drug delivery system that is placed through the surface of the skin to release the active substance in a certain dose into the bloodstream. The main constituent component in the transdermal drug delivery system which has an effect on characteristics is polymer. One of the developments in the transdermal route is the manufacture of patch preparations. Physically, a good patch must be flexible, thin, smooth, homogeneous, have drying shrinkage and low moisture absorption. So the aim of this review article was to determine the effect of polymer combinations on transdermal preparations on good patch characteristics. The method used in this review article is a literature review of various journals published online, with the category of national and international journals. The results obtained 2 primary journals related to polymer combinations to transdermal preparations, namely the combination of PVP: EC and HPMC: EC. The results of the review show that the polymer combination can have an influence on the characteristics of the patch, including the fold resistance test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, drying shrinkage test and moisture absorption test.
Formulasi Sabun Cair Antibakteri Dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah Dan Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya Indrawati, Teti; Muhammad, Alfianur Azmi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.4

Abstract

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) mempunyai manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah optimasi formula sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan cara ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam 3 perbandingan yaitu 2,5% : 7,5%, 10% : 0%, 0% : 10%. Pembuatan sabun cair antibakteri dibuat dengan metode saponifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dihasilkan pada perbandingan 2,5% : 7,5% dengan aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat sebesar 19,23 mm. Kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya 2,5% : 7,5% dapat dibuat sediaan sabun cair antibakteri yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, pH 8, kadar alkali bebas 0,13%, bobot jenis 1,09 g/mL, stabilitas busa 87%, viskositas 160 cP, rheologi termasuk pseudoplastis tiksotropi, dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimum dengan kategori sangat kuat sebesar 26,6 mm
Pengaruh Kombinasi Matriks terhadap Karakter Tablet Metformin HCl Lepas Lambat Sistem Floating Effervescent Hati, Melati Permata
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.3

Abstract

The research aimed to prepare and evaluate of sustained release metformin HCl tablet with floating system. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC K4M and chitosan as matrixes with proportions (w/w) 17.78%:4.44%; 14.44%:7.78%; 11.11%:11.11% ;7.78%;14.44%; 4.44%:17.78%. The tablets were evaluated of weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro floating and drug release studies. The dissolution study had been carried out for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) in 900 ml HCl pH 3.0 media at 37±0.50C. All tablet formulas showed closed similarity with the requirement physical tablet of United State Pharmacopea (USP) and Farmakope Indonesia reference. The matrixes containing higher HPMC K4M, and lower chitosan showed floating lag time decreased and duration time increased. Meanwhile, tablet disintegration was the lowest. The release test showed that all formulas did not meet the requirements dissolution metformin HCl sustained release tablet. The result of this study is sustained release tablet metformin HCl with matrixes HPMC K4M and chitosan able to float, but it did not form sustained release.
Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Terapi dengan Rejimen Bedaquiline dalam Terapi Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB-MDR): Kajian Sistematis Yana, I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.8

Abstract

MDR-TB is a tuberculosis disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin with or without resistance to other first-line drugs. The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis is causing worldwide concern. Globally in 2019, almost half a million TB sufferers of which 78% had MDR-TB. In recent years, MDR-TB patients increased by 10% from 186,883 patients in 2018 to 206,030 in 2019. Bedaquiline has been recommended by WHO guidelines. Studies related to the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline are still few so that there is a need for qualified information to prepare a country, especially Indonesia, for the use of Bedaquiline therapy, especially since Indonesia is ranked second out of two-thirds of the total global TB. Objective: to describe the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline in combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Methods: The literature search was carried out independently by researchers using the online databases of Science Direct, Pubmed, and Cochrane without restrictions on the type of research and year of publication. The keywords used in this study were combined with Boolean operators, namely “bedaquiline” AND “tuberculosis” AND “multi-drug resistant”. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, the intervention of giving Bedaquiline for 24 weeks can reduce the average time of culture conversion by about 60-85 days. The percentage of culture conversion rate was higher with Bedaquiline (range 70-85%) than placebo (58%). The most common side effects are nausea and hyperuricemia. The majority of studies report a prolongation of the QT interval in patients treated with Bedaquiline. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that Bedaquiline is effective and safe to use in the treatment of MDR-TB. However, serious side effects of QT prolongation occurred in some respondents treated with Bedaquiline. Further studies need to be conducted to monitor the side effects of QT prolongation associated with the administration of Bedaquiline in the treatment of MDR-TB.
Potensi Senyawa Turunan Xanton dari Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Sebagai Inhibitor Protein Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Studi In Silico Maftucha, Nissa; Manalu, RosarioTrijuliamus; Amelia, Rika; Cordia, Petra; Bupu, Regina
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.7

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis is a dangerous disease that can cause death. In overcoming it, a safe and effective treatment is needed so that this disease can be cured. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential activity of the active compounds derived from xanthones contained in the mangosteen rind as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein with the comparison compound Isoniazid. The active compounds used in this study were α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, garsinon, gartanin, and 8-deoxygartanin. This research uses the molecular docking method with Yasara, MarvinSketch, PubChem, PDB, and Plants 1.1 software. The results showed that the Gibss energy produced by each test ligand had a difference value, either lower or higher than the native ligand protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lipinski screening was done to make it easier to determine a molecule or compound based on its permeability and absorption properties. The results showed that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin complied with Lipinski's rules. Prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity was carried out using the pkCSM website and can be concluded that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin compounds have good pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity.

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